Deck 4: Genetics of Cellular Function

Question 1

Eye color is a normal polygenic trait.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

DNA is a polymer of __________,which consist of a sugar,a phosphate group,and a __________.

A) amino acids;nucleotide
B) nucleic acids;nucleotide
C) nucleotides;nitrogenous base
D) nucleotides;nucleic acid
E) proteins;nucleotide

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of these is the correct sequence from simple to more complex?

A) Chromatin,carbon,nucleotide,nitrogenous base,DNA
B) Carbon,nitrogenous base,nucleotide,chromatin,DNA
C) Chromatin,DNA,nucleotide,nitrogenous base,carbon
D) Carbon,nucleotide,nitrogenous base,chromatin,DNA
E) Carbon,nitrogenous base,nucleotide,DNA,chromatin

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Mitosis is responsible for embryonic development and tissue growth.

Question 5

Although all cells synthesize phospholipids,there are no genes for phospholipids.

Question 6

The enzyme RNA polymerase participates in translation.

Question 7

Many genes occur in alternative forms called alleles.

Question 8

After mitosis,each chromosome consists of two parallel filaments called sister chromatids.

Question 9

A gene can be defined as an information-containing segment of RNA that codes for the production of a polypeptide.

Question 10

All proteins made by the ribosomes are exported from a cell for use elsewhere in the body.

Question 11

Phenotype is the result of genetic influences only.

Question 12

DNA is composed of double-ring nitrogenous bases,whereas RNA is composed of single-ring nitrogenous bases.

Question 13

A cell starting prophase has 92 molecules of DNA in its nucleus.

Question 14

There are three codons that do not code for any amino acid.

Question 15

Oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes have similar effects on cell division.

Question 16

A __________ is composed of a granular cluster of eight proteins called __________ with DNA wound around them.

A) nucleosome;centrosomes
B) nucleosome;histones
C) chromosome;histones
D) chromosome;centromeres
E) centromere;chromatin

Question 17

If a DNA molecule were known to be 22% thymine (T),what would be the percentage of guanine (G)present?

A) 8%
B) 11%
C) 22%
D) 28%
E) 78%

Question 18

DNA never migrates from the nucleus to the cytoplasm to participate directly in protein synthesis.

Question 19

Naked DNA is called chromatin.

Question 20

What is the complementary DNA base sequence to the DNA strand TGCCAT?

A) TGCCAT
B) UGCCAU
C) ACGGTA
D) ACGGUA
E) ACCGTA

Question 21

Which molecule contains anticodons?

A) An mRNA
B) A DNA molecule
C) A tRNA
D) An rRNA
E) A cDNA

Question 22

Cytokinesis overlaps with which phase of mitosis?

A) The S phase
B) Telophase
C) Metaphase
D) Prophase
E) Interphase

Question 23

All of the following participate in DNA replication except __________.

A) DNA
B) ribosomes
C) DNA ligase
D) DNA helicase
E) DNA polymerase

Question 24

The genetic code is the link between the __________ and the __________ that they represent.

A) DNA molecule;20 amino acids
B) DNA molecule;64 amino acids
C) mRNA anticodons;20 amino acids
D) mRNA codons;64 amino acids
E) mRNA codons;20 amino acids

Question 25

The gene coding for a polypeptide made of 51 amino acids would have a minimum of _________ bases.

A) 20
B) 51
C) 102
D) 153

Question 26

Transcription occurs in the __________,but most translation occurs in the __________.

A) nucleus;cytoplasm
B) nucleus;nucleolus
C) cytoplasm;nucleus
D) nucleolus;cytoplasm
E) nucleolus;rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 27

__________ are turned on or off by regulatory proteins in accordance with changing needs for the __________ they encode.

A) Enzymes;products
B) Ribosomes;proteins
C) Genes;proteins
D) Proteins;genes
E) Genes;ribosomes

Question 28

DNA polymerase is most active during which phase of the cell cycle?

A) S
B) G₁
C) G₂
D) M
E) G₀

Question 29

What is all of the DNA in a set of 23 chromosomes referred to as?

A) A centromere
B) A chromatid
C) The karyotype
D) The phenotype
E) The genome

Question 30

You were able to radioactively tag and thereby trace an amino acid that is used to make insulin,a hormone that will be exported out of the cell.The pathway of the tagged amino acid would be __________.

A) free ribosome → cytosol → vesicle → extracellular fluid
B) rough ER → Golgi complex → Golgi vesicle → extracellular fluid
C) rough ER → smooth ER → Golgi complex → Golgi vesicle → extracellular fluid
D) smooth ER → Golgi complex → Golgi vesicle → extracellular fluid
E) smooth ER → Golgi complex → lysosome → extracellular fluid

Question 31

Which of the following is the template for transcription?

A) The molecule that carries codons
B) The molecule that carries anticodons
C) The molecule that carries base triplets
D) The molecule that carries amino acids
E) The molecule that carries tRNA

Question 32

Copying genetic information from DNA into RNA is called __________;using the information contained in mRNA to make a polypeptide is called __________.

A) transcription;translation
B) translation;transcription
C) DNA replication;translation
D) DNA duplication;transcription
E) DNA translation;RNA transcription

Question 33

What is the product of translation?

A) A newly synthesized amino acid
B) A newly synthesized polypeptide
C) A newly synthesized nucleic acid
D) An mRNA
E) A tRNA

Question 34

Anticodons,codons,and base triplets correspond to __________ respectively.

A) tRNA,DNA,and mRNA
B) DNA,tRNA,and mRNA
C) tRNA,mRNA,and DNA
D) DNA,RNA,and pre-mRNA
E) RNA,DNA,and pre-mRNA

Question 35

After translation,a protein may undergo structural changes called __________ modifications.

A) splicing
B) posttranscriptional
C) posttranslational
D) polyribosomal
E) secretory

Question 36

The human genome consists of approximately __________ pairs of nucleotides.

A) 3 billion
B) 3 million
C) 300,000
D) 3000

Question 37

A __________ contains the necessary information for the production of a molecule of RNA.

A) genome
B) gene
C) nucleotide
D) genetic code
E) codon

Question 38

Which of the following is not directly involved in translation?

A) DNA
B) mRNA
C) tRNA
D) rRNA
E) Ribosomes

Question 39

The G₁,S,and G₂ phases of the cell cycle are collectively called __________.

A) interphase
B) telophase
C) cytokinesis
D) prophase
E) anaphase

Question 40

Since there are no genes coding for carbohydrates,nucleic acids,or lipids,how do cells produce them?

A) Enzymes encoded by genes synthesize these products.
B) Cells are born with all the products they need.
C) Cells absorb these products by endocytosis.
D) Cells import these products from older cells.
E) Cells can produce carbohydrates,nucleic acids,and lipids out of proteins.

Question 41

Sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of a cell during __________ of the cell cycle.

A) the S phase
B) the G₂ phase
C) prophase
D) metaphase
E) anaphase

Question 42

Which of these processes occurs during a cell's first gap (G₁)phase?

A) DNA is semiconservatively replicated.
B) The nuclear envelope breaks down.
C) The cell synthesizes the enzymes that control mitosis.
D) The cell synthesizes proteins and grows.
E) The chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes.

Question 43

Which of the following omits some stage(s)of the cell cycle?

A) G1,S,G2,mitosis
B) Interphase,mitosis
C) G1,DNA replication,G2,mitosis
D) Prophase,metaphase,anaphase,telophase,cytokinesis
E) Interphase,prophase,metaphase,anaphase,telophase,cytokinesis

Question 44

Eye color is caused by genes at multiple loci.This phenomenon is called __________.

A) pleiotropy
B) sex linkage
C) polygenic inheritance
D) incomplete dominance
E) multiple carriers

Question 45

The stage at which chromosomes aggregate along the equator of a cell is __________.

A) prophase
B) metaphase
C) anaphase
D) telophase
E) interphase

Question 46

A cell finishing mitosis has __________ DNA molecules,while a cell finishing DNA replication has __________ DNA molecules.

A) 46;46
B) 46;92
C) 46;23
D) 23;46
E) 23;23

Question 47

In familial hypercholesterolemia,individuals with two abnormal alleles die of heart attacks in childhood,those with only one abnormal allele typically die as young adults,and those with two normal alleles have normal life expectancies.This exemplifies __________.

A) penetrance
B) codominance
C) pleiotropy
D) complete dominance
E) incomplete dominance

Question 48

Chromatin shortens and thickens,coiling into compact rods during __________ of mitosis.

A) telophase
B) anaphase
C) interphase
D) prophase
E) metaphase

Question 49

Germ cells have __________ unpaired chromosomes and are thus called __________ cells.

A) 23;somatic
B) 23;haploid (n)
C) 23;diploid (2n)
D) 46;somatic
E) 46;diploid (2n)

Question 50

The alleles possessed by all members of a population collectively are called the __________.

A) species DNA
B) population DNA
C) gene pool
D) genetic drift
E) phenotype

Question 51

If one allele is not phenotypically expressed in the presence of another,we say that it is a(an)__________ allele.

A) homozygous
B) heterozygous
C) recessive
D) dominant
E) suppressed

Question 52

A mutation is __________.

A) a change in size or shape of a cell
B) a beneficial change in DNA structure
C) a harmful change in DNA structure
D) a neutral change in DNA structure
E) a change in DNA structure that might be beneficial,harmful,or neutral

Question 53

__________ opens up one segment of the DNA helix during replication;__________adds complementary free nucleotides to the exposed DNA strand.

A) DNA ligase;DNA helicase
B) DNA helicase;DNA polymerase
C) DNA ligase;DNA polymerase
D) DNA helicase;DNA ligase
E) DNA polymerase;DNA ligase

Question 54

A karyotype shows the __________ chromosomes sorted and isolated from a cell in __________.

A) 23;interphase
B) 23;metaphase
C) 46;prophase
D) 46;metaphase
E) 46;S phase

Question 55

DNA replication is called semiconservative because __________.

A) each daughter DNA consists of one new helix and one old helix
B) each daughter DNA consists of one new nucleotide and one old nucleotide
C) each daughter DNA consists of one new chromatid and one old chromatid
D) each daughter cell receives one new chromatid and one old chromatid
E) each daughter cell receives one new helix and one old helix

Question 56

Cell division is stimulated by __________ and suppressed by __________.

A) mitosis;cytokinesis
B) mitosis;contact inhibition
C) cell size;cytokinesis
D) growth factors;contact inhibition
E) cell size;contact inhibition

Question 57

The allele for cleft chin (C)is dominant to the allele for uncleft chin (c).A male and female who are both heterozygous for cleft chin have a child.What is the chance that this child will have an uncleft chin?

A) 0%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%
E) 100%

Question 58

Which of these is not found in the karyotype of a normal human male?

A) 46 chromosomes
B) 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes
C) X and Y chromosomes
D) 46 chromatids
E) 92 DNA molecules

Question 59

Hemophilia is caused by a sex-linked recessive allele.This means that __________.

A) women can be carriers but cannot get hemophilia
B) the gene is found on the Y chromosome
C) a man can give the allele to his son but not to his daughter
D) a son who has hemophilia inherited the allele from his mother
E) a son who has hemophilia inherited the allele from his father

Question 60

Which of these cannot cause a mutation?

A) Radiation
B) A virus
C) A chemical
D) A mistake made by the DNA polymerase
E) A mistake made by the RNA polymerase

Question 61

Which of the following is not found in RNA?

A) Thymine
B) Uracil
C) Ribose
D) Guanine

Question 62

Genes produce their products __________.

A) as their products are needed or not
B) at a steady rate all the time
C) only when the appropriate hormone is present
D) when the transcription activator is inhibited by an extracellular signal

Question 63

Cells undergo division when which of the following conditions have been met?

A) They have grown large enough and replicated their DNA
B) They are still growing and have ample nutrients
C) They are stimulated by growth factors and neighboring cells are squeezed tightly against them
D) They have grown large enough and neighboring cells are squeezed tightly against them

Question 64

All of the body's nonreproductive cells,called __________,usually have 23 pairs of chromosomes and are thus called __________ cells.

A) germ cells;haploid (n)
B) germ cells;diploid (2n)
C) somatic cells;haploid (n)
D) somatic cells;diploid (2n)