Deck 4: Social Cognition

Question 1

Jasmine made a careful list of pros and cons when considering whether to accept a job offer in another state. What skill is Jasmine using

A) intuition
B) logic
C) cognitive load shifting
D) dual processing

Answer 1

logic

Question 2

What enables us to switch from minimal cognitive effort to systematic consideration of evidence

A) intuition
B) logic
C) cognitive load
D) dual processing

Answer 2

dual processing

Question 3

Calvin's schedule was extremely busy and he soon began to forget many important appointments. What capacity was likely being exceeded that led to the forgetfulness

A) intuition
B) logic
C) dual processing
D) cognitive load

Answer 3

cognitive load

Question 4

Mateo is watching a commercial for new sneakers. He might consider the information thoughtfully and carefully, or he might react fairly automatically. What enables him to use both processing styles

A) intuition
B) logic
C) cognitive load
D) dual processing

Question 5

Dual processing may be discussed in many ways, but the text primarily discusses in terms of what

A) System 1 versus System 2
B) automatic versus effortful
C) implicit versus explicit
D) intuition versus logic

Question 6

Which is the best example of using dual processing

A) Carlos loves the soda commercial jingle. But he chooses not to drink it because of concerns about weight and tooth decay.
B) Vera is able to cook supper and keep track of her son's homework progress at the same time.
C) Marcus is able to drive a car and nod his head to his favorite song on the radio.
D) Agnes is both an excellent abstract painter and an outstanding mathematician.

Question 7

Which of the following statements would indicate a low need for cognition

A) The notion of thinking abstractly is appealing to me.
B) I prefer my life to be filled with puzzles I must solve.
C) It's enough for me that something gets the job done; I don't care how or why it works.
D) I usually end up deliberating about issues even when they do not affect me personally.

Question 8

Serenity is learning to knit. She puts a lot of effort into correctly forming each stitch. She is most likely using which of the following

A) intuition
B) logic
C) lightened cognitive load
D) dual processing

Question 9

Though he never spoke to her, Jennifer had an uneasy feeling about the man on the train and she moved quickly to another car. Jennifer is using what skill

A) intuition
B) logic
C) cognitive load-shifting
D) dual processing

Question 10

After an odd feeling, Jamal took his son's hand and led him quickly away from the stranger on the park bench. What skill is Jamal relying on

A) intuition
B) logic
C) cognitive load-shifting
D) dual processing

Question 11

In which situation is logic most likely to be used

A) riding a bicycle
B) selecting a snack
C) constructing a business plan
D) getting dressed

Question 12

What enables humans to reason, think systematically, and carefully consider evidence

A) intuition
B) logic
C) cognitive load shifting
D) dual processing

Question 13

Which skill is most likely used in an emergency situation

A) intuition
B) logic
C) cognitive load shifting
D) dual processing

Question 14

What is the ability to know something quickly and automatically

A) intuition
B) logic
C) cognitive load shifting
D) dual processing

Question 15

Which skill is most likely used for important choices requiring a lot of planning

A) intuition
B) logic
C) cognitive load shifting
D) dual processing

Question 16

In which situation is intuition most likely to be used

A) buying a new car
B) choosing a college
C) driving a car
D) selecting home insurance

Question 17

What is the study of how people combine intuition and logic to process social information

A) cognitive load
B) social cognition
C) need for cognition
D) dual processing

Question 18

Which of the following statements would indicate a high need for cognition

A) I prefer complex to simple problems.
B) I only think as hard as I have to.
C) Learning new ways to think doesn't excite me very much.
D) Thinking is not my idea of fun.

Question 19

"The most important thing is to be yourself." What values does this statement support

A) conformity
B) individualism
C) obedience
D) collectivism

Question 20

As Jess ran out the door for her soccer game, her dad called "Listen to your coach and be a good team player!" What values does this statement support

A) nonconformity
B) uniqueness
C) collectivism

Question 21

In which situation is logic most likely to be used

A) mowing a lawn
B) singing a favorite song
C) tying your shoes
D) refinancing a mortgage

Question 22

In the text's example of family memory sharing, what value was the European-American mother likely to emphasize

A) conformity
B) individualism
C) obedience
D) collectivism

Question 23

A schema is a type of what

A) mental structure
B) script
C) stereotype
D) effortful cognition

Question 24

What do memory structures allow humans to do

A) process information almost automatically
B) carefully process detailed information
C) remember information more accurately
D) remember unusual occurrences more than common ones

Question 25

Which of the following is the best example of individualism

A) Kelly strives for his artwork to be strange and unusual.
B) Darian is careful to keep his MP3 player turned down so his music doesn't disturb other subway passengers.
C) Stephen often arrives early to meet friends, so that no one is inconvenienced by waiting.
D) Ella tries to be modest and not "show off" for others.

Question 26

Sgt. Tierney experienced a "danger feeling" and ordered his men back without knowing why. Tierney used what skill

A) intuition
B) logic
C) cognitive load shifting
D) dual processing

Question 27

Which of the following is the best example of a field experiment

A) sending surveys through the mail
B) interacting with diners in a coffee shop
C) doing phone interviews
D) doing a classroom demonstration

Question 28

According to the text, which of the following do participants find least acceptable

A) bisexuality
B) single and sexually active
C) prostitution
D) casually dating several people

Question 29

Which of the following is the best example of collectivism

A) Amar always works his hardest to get the best grades in class.
B) Betty is careful to obey her parents.
C) Cora makes sure all of her guests are served before she eats.
D) David always wipes his feet before coming in the house.

Question 30

Which is the study of how people think and process information

A) cognitive load
B) social cognition
C) need for cognition
D) dual processing

Question 31

Which situation is likely to put the greatest stress on cognitive load

A) tying your shoes
B) watching an old movie
C) taking a chemistry exam
D) eating spicy food

Question 32

Participants were asked to remember items they saw in an office. Errors made were not unusual items, but items often found in offices (e.g., a coffee cup). On what were participants likely relying

A) cultural script
B) stereotype
C) social script
D) schema

Question 33

Which is a type of general memory structure that helps organize incoming information

A) script
B) stereotype
C) schema
D) prejudice

Question 34

In which situation is intuition most likely to be used

A) driving the normal route to work
B) picking the music for the first dance at a wedding
C) learning a new type of embroidery stitch
D) menu planning for a special occasion

Question 35

Which situation likely has the least cognitive load

A) driving to work during an ice storm
B) filling out tax forms
C) singing a familiar hymn
D) interviewing for a job

Question 36

When Caleb was reading the engaging novel, he stopped chewing gum and fidgeting. This is an indication that he engaged in what process

A) cognitive load shifting
B) dual processing
C) logic
D) intuition

Question 37

Haylee carefully selected her apartment so that it was affordable and within walking distance of both her job and her college. Haylee used what skill

A) intuition
B) logic
C) cognitive load shifting
D) dual processing

Question 38

"To Thine own self be true" is an endorsement of what

A) conformity
B) individualism
C) obedience
D) collectivism

Question 39

According to the text, which of the following do participants find most acceptable

A) premarital sex
B) marriage for life
C) bisexuality
D) casually dating several people

Question 40

Helena says that all sorority members are snobbish. What type of thinking error best explains this statement

A) cultural script
B) outgroup homogeneity
C) harmful mental script
D) faulty mental structure

Question 41

Which of the following proverbs is a script that might lead to unequal treatment in a marriage

A) Newlyweds become oldyweds, and oldyweds are the reasons that families work.
B) Never go to bed mad. Stay up and fight.
C) A man may work from sun to sun, but a woman's work is never done.
D) Two things are owed to truthfulness-lasting marriages and short friendships.

Question 42

Which type of mental structure is most associated with what attention receives focus and which is ignored

A) stereotypes
B) schemas
C) scripts
D) memory structures

Question 43

People frequently rely on schemas because they are what

A) satisficers
B) cognitive misers
C) maximizers
D) magical thinkers

Question 44

Which best describes the behavior of a satisficer

A) waiting until your favorite type of shoes are in stock before purchasing
B) purchasing the first pair of shoes that fit
C) buying three pairs of shoes in three different colors
D) comparing shoe prices online before making a purchase in the store

Question 45

Which type of mental guides common social behaviors and expectations for particular types of events

A) stereotypes
B) outgroup homogeneity
C) script
D) schema

Question 46

The terms "worldview" and "paradigm" refer to what

A) stereotypes
B) outgroup homogeneity
C) script
D) schema

Question 47

Keisha unhappily replayed the event in her mind in which the customer in front of her won a million dollars with her scratch-off ticket. Her unhappiness is associated with what sort of mental error

A) multitasking
B) maximizing
C) satisficing
D) magical thinking

Question 48

According to Schweingruber, Cast, and Anahita (2008), a traditional proposal script predicted what about marriage

A) The couple was more likely to have an abusive marriage.
B) The couple had a more contentious marriage.
C) The couple had a more egalitarian marriage.
D) The couple had a stronger marriage.

Question 49

Which is the best example of a stereotype

A) Wealthy people are more likely to donate to fine arts charities.
B) Rural voters are always the most conservative.
C) Football fans are more likely to live in southern states.
D) Red is the most popular color for toy wagons.

Question 50

Talia found it much harder to focus on her homework while the radio was playing. This is likely because most people are bad at what

A) multitasking
B) maximizing
C) satisficing
D) counterfactual thinking

Question 51

Which of the following best describes a customer's restaurant script

A) the series of events that involves paying for and eating food
B) when the server presents the drink and food specials
C) the steps involved in preparing the meal
D) the process involved in selecting a restaurant

Question 52

You may have noticed that drivers turn the radio off when navigating dangerous roads. What skill do the drivers lack that causes them to turn off the radio

A) multitasking
B) maximizing
C) satisficing
D) counterfactual thinking

Question 53

Which of the following is the best example of outgroup homogeneity

A) Older people are often kind to me.
B) People like me work hard without any thanks.
C) Teenagers may not be ready for romantic relationships.
D) All Cubs fans are obnoxious.

Question 54

Which of the following statements best reflects outgroup homogeneity

A) All pastors have a heart for service.
B) Most Dobermans are aggressive.
C) The majority of CEOs are wealthy.
D) Women are more likely than men to be stay-at-home parents.

Question 55

Which type mental structure is most associated with unfair generalizations about people

A) stereotypes
B) schemas
C) scripts
D) prejudice

Question 56

What type of mental structure guides common social behaviors

A) stereotypes
B) schemas
C) scripts
D) memory structure

Question 57

People are more likely to rely on mental structures when overwhelmed with information. Which of the following statements best reflects that fact

A) People are more likely to use stereotypes when in a crowded, dirty subway station than an empty, clean one.
B) People are more likely to rely on scripts when they aren't very interested in the interaction.
C) People are more likely to avoid using schemas when carefully considering information.
D) People are less likely to use outgroup homogeneity when seeing people as individuals.

Question 58

Wei quickly grabbed the first bottle of juice from the convenience store shelf. Based on that behavior, which term best describes Wei

A) maximizer
B) magical thinker
C) counterfactual thinker
D) satisficer

Question 59

Which best reflects a statement made by a maximizer

A) I am usually content wherever I am.
B) I find it easy to pick the right gift for my spouse.
C) I never settle for second best.
D) Making decisions about what to wear are easy for me.

Question 60

Which type of mental structure is most associated with events happening in a particular order

A) stereotypes
B) schemas
C) scripts
D) memory structures

Question 61

Which of the following reflects the optimistic bias

A) an author overestimating the number words he will write in a day
B) a teacher overestimating the number of children who will be absent
C) a plumber overestimating the number of spiders in a crawl space
D) an astronaut overestimating the length of time need to do a repair to the ship

Question 62

Ari made a list of New Year's resolutions, even though he had never kept his resolutions in the past. What best describes Ari's choice

A) downward counterfactual
B) magical thinking
C) optimistic bias
D) upward counterfactual

Question 63

LaShana fumed as she looked for an alternate route. "If only the exit had been more clearly marked, I wouldn't have missed it!" What best describes her thinking

A) downward counterfactual
B) magical thinking
C) optimistic bias
D) upward counterfactual

Question 64

Which statement is the best example of magical thinking

A) Everything happens for a reason.
B) If only I had front row tickets, maybe I could have gone onstage during the concert.
C) Some things are meant to be.
D) There is a right person for everyone.

Question 65

St. Louis invested millions of dollars for a new trolley system. The line ended up covering a very short distance and required more funds before the trolley could start running. What does this situation exemplify

A) optimistic bias
B) planning fallacy
C) upward counterfactual thinking
D) magical thinking

Question 66

Which type of person is most likely to delay over making decisions for fear of losing the chance to make others

A) satisficers
B) counterfactual thinkers
C) maximizers
D) magical thinkers

Question 67

Which statement is an example of a downward counterfactual

A) If the tornado's path was different, there would have been less damage.
B) If the house was sturdier, the tornado wouldn't have blown the roof away.
C) If the tornado was stronger, the sirens would have sounded sooner.
D) If the tornado had hit seconds earlier, we would have all died.

Question 68

Despite her uncle Harvey being drunk and obnoxious the last 3 years in a row, Rebecca has hope that he will be calm and reasonable at the annual holiday dinner. What type of thinking does this demonstrate

A) upward counterfactual
B) planning fallacy
C) optimistic bias
D) downward counterfactual

Question 69

Customers are waiting in a long line for the latest smartphone. Which one is most likely to engage in magical thinking

A) Rowan, who is the first person to receive a new phone.
B) Lewis, who is immediately behind the person who bought the last phone.
C) Rose, whose friend close to the front of the line who purchased two phones.
D) Elijah, who was near the back of the line when the phones were all sold.

Question 70

Golda slammed her finger in the car door. As she held ice on her injured finger, she commented "At least it isn't broken." This is an example of what

A) upward counterfactual
B) planning fallacy
C) optimistic bias
D) downward counterfactual

Question 71

Which is the most likely effect of using downward counterfactual thinking

A) feeling euphoric
B) feeling comforted
C) feeling confused
D) feeling resignation

Question 72

Which of the following is the best example of a planning fallacy

A) I allow extra time to complete projects because something always comes up.
B) I am never sure how to budget my time for projects.
C) I should need less time in the lab than other students to finish my project.
D) It is impossible to budget time for projects until they are started.

Question 73

Benefits of what type of thinking include higher levels of happiness and optimism

A) maximizing
B) satisficing
C) magical thinking
D) upward counterfactual thinking

Question 74

Which statement is an example of an upward counterfactual

A) If the traffic wasn't so heavy, I wouldn't have missed the ferry.
B) If I had taken the ferry, I wouldn't have arrived much faster than using the bridge.
C) If I had taken the ferry, I would have been seasick.
D) If the ferry broke down, I would have been stranded.

Question 75

Which best reflects a statement made by a satisficer

A) I often pack too much when going on vacation because I want to have choices.
B) I find it difficult to pick the right gift for a friend.
C) I believe that "Perfect is the enemy of the good."
D) I sometimes leave a store with no purchases because I could not make decisions.

Question 76

Kelly spilled her coffee and burned herself when she tripped on the dog. "At least Fluffy wasn't hurt!" she exclaimed. This is an example of what

A) upward counterfactual
B) planning fallacy
C) optimistic bias
D) downward counterfactual

Question 77

Which of the following is the best example of optimistic bias

A) I received an excellent recommendation from my teacher.
B) I can sew well enough to make a dress.
C) I am a better cook than my sister.
D) I am a better driver than most people.

Question 78

Which best describes the behavior of a maximizer

A) scanning all the radio stations when you drive into a new area
B) listening to whatever song your car passenger wants to hear
C) listening to the first radio station that gets clear reception
D) scanning radio stations until you find one that plays country music

Question 79

Which is the most likely effect of using upward counterfactual thinking

A) feeling disappointed
B) feeling completely despondent
C) feeling irritated
D) feeling unsure

Question 80

Many important public works projects run over time and over budget. This is likely related to what concept

A) upward counterfactual thinking
B) optimistic bias
C) magical thinking
D) planning fallacy