Deck 3: Cellular Form and Function

Question 1

Which of the following statements is not a tenet of modern cell theory?

A) An organism's structure and all of its functions are ultimately due to the activities of its cells.
B) All cells come only from preexisting cells.
C) All cells occupy space.
D) All organisms are composed of cells and cell products.
E) The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Na⁺-K⁺ ATPase is a countertransport antiport carrier,which always requires energy.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The most important advantage of the transmission electron microscope (TEM)over the light microscope (LM)is its higher resolution.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The Golgi complex makes peroxisomes,but not lysosomes.

Question 5

Cells that are thick in the middle and tapered toward the end are called __________ cells.

A) squamous
B) stellate
C) columnar
D) spheroid
E) fusiform

Question 6

The greater the concentration gradient,the faster the diffusion rate.

Question 7

In most cells,the nucleus is the largest organelle.

Question 8

The fluid outside of a cell is called __________.

A) cytosol
B) intracellular fluid
C) extracellular fluid
D) cytoplasm
E) nucleoplasm

Question 9

Microvilli and cilia differ in their function,but have the same internal structure.

Question 10

Ligand-gated ion channels are membrane proteins that open or close in response to the binding of a chemical.

Question 11

Ribosomes are made of proteins and RNA.

Question 12

Both the nucleus and the mitochondrion are surrounded by a two layer membrane.

Question 13

If a cell doubled in diameter,it would have twice as much cytoplasm to maintain.

Question 14

One example of pinocytosis is the uptake of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)by endothelial cells.

Question 15

A crystal of calcium phosphate in the cytoplasm of a cell should be classified as an inclusion.

Question 16

In the plasma membrane,glycolipids and glycoproteins face toward the cytoplasm,while peripheral proteins always face toward the ECF.

Question 17

A cell's second messengers serve to transport material through cellular membranes.

Question 18

The sodium-glucose transport protein (SGLT)is one example of an active transport process involving a uniport carrier.

Question 19

Most human cells range from 10 to 15 micrometers in diameter.What limits how large a cell can get?

A) A cell's lifespan
B) Nutrients available in the environment of a cell
C) The relationship between its volume and length
D) The relationship between its length and surface area
E) The relationship between its volume and surface area

Question 20

Cells were first discovered when a scientist named __________ observed cell walls in cork under a microscope.

A) Robert Hooke
B) Theodor Schwann
C) Louis Pastuer
D) Galen
E) Galileo

Question 21

Most transmembrane proteins have ___________ regions facing the intra- and extracellular fluid,and __________ regions embedded in the phospholipid bilayer.

A) hydrophilic;hydrophilic
B) hydrophilic;hydrophobic
C) hydrophobic;hydrophobic
D) hydrophobic;hydrophilic
E) lipophilic;lipophobic

Question 22

The flat-shaped cells found covering the skin are _________ in shape.

A) cuboidal
B) columnar
C) cylindrical
D) squamous
E) spherical

Question 23

A protein that is bound to a carbohydrate is called a _________.

A) phosphoprotein
B) proteocalyx
C) glycoprotein
D) lipoprotein
E) phospholipid

Question 24

Channel protein gates respond to all these stimuli except __________.

A) chemical messengers
B) ligands
C) changes in electrical potential (voltage)across a cellular membrane
D) physical deformation of a cellular membrane
E) water in the extracellular fluid

Question 25

__________ provide motility to a sperm cell,__________ act as sensory "antennae" in many cells,and ____________ increase a cell's surface area.

A) Cilia;microvilli;flagella
B) Microvilli;cilia;flagella
C) Microvilli;flagella;cilia
D) Flagella;microvilli;cilia
E) Flagella;cilia;microvilli

Question 26

In its second-messenger role,cAMP activates enzymes called _________,whose job is to regulate other enzymes by adding phosphate groups to them.

A) transmembrane proteins
B) peripheral proteins
C) kinases
D) glycocalyx
E) blockers

Question 27

A receptor protein in the plasma membrane will not bind to just any chemical in the extracellular fluid,but only to certain ones.This property is called _________.

A) selectivity
B) specificity
C) efficacy
D) saturation
E) fidelity

Question 28

Membrane proteins that bind to signals by which cells communicate are called __________.

A) receptors
B) enzymes
C) carriers
D) cell-identity markers
E) cell-adhesion molecules

Question 29

ATP is consumed when __________ transfer solutes from one side of the membrane to the other.

A) receptors
B) pumps
C) cell-adhesion molecules
D) channels
E) cell-identity markers

Question 30

The plasma membrane of cells lining the small intestine has __________,which are specialized for absorption of nutrients.

A) flagella
B) cilia
C) microvilli
D) a glycocalyx
E) dynein arms

Question 31

In the glycocalyx,__________ act like identification tags that enable the body to distinguish its own cells from foreign and diseased cells.

A) glycoproteins
B) lipoproteins
C) cholesterol molecules
D) phospholipids
E) cell-adhesion molecules

Question 32

The fuzzy coat of carbohydrates on the outer surface of the plasma membrane that functions in cell identification is called the __________.

A) brush border
B) glycocalyx
C) cholesterol coat
D) phospholipid bilayer
E) cell-adhesion molecule

Question 33

_____________ is the process in which ____________ forces water and small solutes,such as salts,through narrow clefts between capillary cells.

A) Filtration;hydrostatic pressure
B) Osmosis;hydrostatic pressure
C) Active transport;osmotic pressure
D) Active transport;hydrostatic pressure
E) Osmosis;osmotic pressure

Question 34

Although the transmission electron microscope (TEM)can magnify much more than a light microscope,even at identical magnifications the TEM has the advantage of __________.

A) being able to produce photographs of the specimen
B) being able to work in a vacuum
C) being able to show individual molecules
D) producing higher resolution
E) working better with thinner tissue specimens

Question 35

The most abundant molecules in the plasma membrane are __________.

A) glycolipids
B) phospholipids
C) prostaglandins
D) proteins
E) cholesterol molecules

Question 36

Water flows through a selectively permeable membrane in a process called __________,but water molecules cross the membrane more easily through channels of transmembrane proteins called __________.

A) osmosis;water pumps
B) osmosis;aquaporins
C) osmosis;uniport
D) filtration;aquaporins
E) filtration;water pumps

Question 37

Proteins that do not protrude into the phospholipid bilayer,but adhere to the surface of the plasma membrane,are called __________.

A) peripheral proteins
B) channel proteins
C) glycoproteins
D) integral proteins
E) transmembrane proteins

Question 38

Which of the following is not one of the three basic components of a cell?

A) Cytoplasm
B) Nucleus
C) Plasma membrane
D) Interstitial fluid

Question 39

Two solutions are separated by a selectively permeable membrane.If solution A has a higher concentration of a nonpermeating solute than solution B,then __________.

A) the solute will pass down its concentration gradient from solution A to B
B) the solute will pass down its concentration gradient from solution B to A
C) water will pass down its concentration gradient from solution A to B
D) water will pass down its concentration gradient from solution B to A
E) neither the solute nor water will diffuse

Question 40

The plasma membrane is mostly made of molecules that have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.These molecules are called _________.

A) proteoglycans
B) glycolipids
C) glycoproteins
D) phospholipids
E) lipoproteins

Question 41

A red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution.This means the concentration of solutes in the solution is __________ than the concentration of solutes in the intracellular fluid,and will cause the cell to ______________.

A) higher;swell
B) lower;swell
C) higher;shrink
D) lower;shrink
E) lower;burst

Question 42

What organelle is most active in causing programmed cell death?

A) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
B) Nucleus
C) Centriole
D) Lysosome
E) Mitochondrion

Question 43

What function would immediately cease if the ribosomes of a cell were destroyed?

A) Exocytosis
B) Active transport
C) Ciliary action
D) Protein synthesis
E) Osmosis

Question 44

Sodium and glucose are transported together from the intestinal lumen into an intestinal cell.The carrier protein is a(n)__________ and the process is called ____________.

A) symport;cotransport
B) symport;countertransport
C) antiport;countertransport
D) antiport;cotransport
E) uniport;facilitated diffusion

Question 45

Among other functions,hepatocytes (liver cells)are specialized for detoxifying drugs or other chemicals.Hepatocytes have large amounts of __________.

A) DNA
B) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C) microtubules
D) cilia
E) centrioles

Question 46

Which of these is an example of active transport?

A) Diffusion of oxygen from a place of high concentration to a place of lower concentration
B) Facilitated diffusion of K⁺
C) Transport of glucose down its concentration gradient
D) Transport of Na⁺ from a place of low concentration to a place of higher concentration
E) Transport of Cl^- following its concentration gradient

Question 47

Cellular membranes are permeable to _________,but impermeable to ___________.

A) nutrients;wastes
B) proteins;nutrients
C) phosphates;wastes
D) nutrients;proteins
E) wastes;nutrients

Question 48

Which of the following is not a method by which particles can leave a cell?

A) Active transport
B) Exocytosis
C) Simple diffusion
D) An antiport system
E) Pinocytosis

Question 49

Muscle cells contain numerous __________ to serve their high demand for ATP.

A) ribosomes
B) lysosomes
C) mitochondria
D) inclusions
E) Golgi vesicles

Question 50

The sodium-potassium (Na⁺-K⁺)pump transports both sodium and potassium __________ their concentration gradients in a process called ____________.

A) up;active transport
B) up;facilitated transport
C) up;cotransport
D) down;active transport
E) down;countertransport

Question 51

White blood cells engulf bacteria by means of __________.

A) phagocytosis
B) cotransport
C) pinocytosis
D) active transport
E) receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 52

The term _____________ refers to a membrane that allows some things to pass through it,but not others.

A) selectively permeable
B) glycocalyx
C) phospholipid bilayer
D) specificity
E) carrier-mediated

Question 53

The number of particles of a solute in a solution is described by its ____________.The ability of a solution to affect the fluid volume in a cell is referred to as its __________.

A) tonicity;osmolarity
B) osmolarity;diffusion
C) osmolarity;tonicity
D) osmolarity;molarity
E) tonicity;diffusion

Question 54

Which of these brings nonspecific material into a cell?

A) Phagocytosis
B) Receptor-mediated endocytosis
C) Transcytosis
D) Pinocytosis
E) Exocytosis

Question 55

Which of the following is not a function of the Na⁺-K⁺ pump?

A) Heat production
B) Transport of Na⁺ into the cell and K⁺ out of the cell
C) Secondary active transport
D) Regulation of cell volume
E) Maintenance of membrane potential

Question 56

Which of the following is not a membranous organelle?

A) Mitochondria
B) Ribosome
C) Nucleus
D) Endoplasmic reticulum
E) Golgi complex

Question 57

Insulin is taken up,via endocytosis,by the endothelial cells that line blood capillaries.Then,it's transported across the cell to the other side,where it is released.This transport is called __________.

A) pinocytosis
B) receptor-mediated phagocytosis
C) passive transport
D) facilitated transport
E) transcytosis

Question 58

What do facilitated diffusion and active transport have in common?

A) Both involve transport of a solute up its concentration gradient.
B) Both involve transport of a solute down its concentration gradient.
C) Both involve the use of energy provided by ATP.
D) Neither require ATP to function.
E) Both are examples of carrier-mediated transport.

Question 59

A patient was severely dehydrated,losing a large amount of fluid.The patient was given intravenous fluids of normal saline.Normal saline is ________ to your blood cells and is about __________ NaCl.

A) isotonic;9%
B) isotonic;0.9%
C) hypertonic;9%
D) hypotonic;0.9%
E) hypotonic;9%

Question 60

Which of the following processes could occur only through a cellular membrane?

A) Facilitated diffusion
B) Simple diffusion
C) Filtration
D) Osmosis
E) Active transport

Question 61

Which organelle synthesizes steroids in the ovary and stores calcium in muscle cells?

A) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
B) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
C) Nucleus
D) Mitochondrion
E) Golgi complex

Question 62

_________ decompose fatty acids,and detoxify alcohol,free radicals,and drugs.

A) Lysosomes
B) Microvilli
C) Inclusions
D) Peroxisomes
E) Golgi vesicles

Question 63

__________ play an important role in cell division,and they are made of __________.

A) Mitochondria;microtubules
B) Ribosomes;intermediate filaments
C) Nucleoli;microfilaments
D) Centrioles;microtubules
E) Inclusions;centrosomes

Question 64

Which of the following is not associated with the composition of the cytoskeleton?

A) Microfilaments
B) Microtubules
C) Cilia
D) Intermediate filaments
E) Terminal web

Question 65

Which of the following gives a cell structural support,determines the shape of a cell,and directs the movement of substances through a cell?

A) Cholesterol
B) The nucleus
C) The plasma membrane
D) The Golgi complex
E) The cytoskeleton

Question 66

Which of the following is not considered an inclusion?

A) Lysosome
B) Fat droplet
C) Glycogen granule
D) Bacterium
E) Dust particle

Question 67

Accumulated cell products that are never enclosed in a unit membrane are called ____________.

A) organelles
B) inclusions
C) microtubules
D) microfilaments
E) centrioles

Question 68

Which of the following organelles sorts,cuts,splices,and packages newly formed proteins into membrane-bound vesicles?

A) Smooth ER
B) Rough ER
C) Golgi complex
D) Mitochondrion
E) Nucleolus

Question 69

Which of the following is a double-membraned organelle consisting of a matrix and cristae?

A) Mitochondrion
B) Rough ER
C) Smooth ER
D) Golgi complex
E) Nucleolus

Question 70

__________ synthesize(s)carbohydrates and put(s)finishing touches on proteins synthesized at __________.

A) Smooth ER;rough ER
B) The Golgi complex;rough ER
C) Smooth ER;the Golgi complex
D) The Golgi complex;smooth ER
E) Ribosomes;smooth ER

Question 71

Which of the following organelles is not involved in protein synthesis?

A) Smooth ER
B) Rough ER
C) The Golgi complex
D) The nucleus
E) Ribosomes