Deck 5: Person Perception

Question 1

Selena expected her nephews to be loud and boisterous, so she planned games that involved running and shouting. What might Selena be creating

A) self-fulfilling prophecy
B) attributional ambiguity
C) a central trait
D) halo effect

Answer 1

self-fulfilling prophecy

Question 2

Which of the following is true about the halo effect

A) It happens more frequently with familiar people.
B) It is an accurate way to judge others.
C) It only requires a small amount of information.
D) It only happens with positive information.

Answer 2

It only requires a small amount of information.

Question 3

The halo effect of physical attractiveness is sometimes called ______.

A) self-fulfilling prophecy
B) what-is-beautiful-is-good effect 
C) expectancy effect
D) a central trait

Answer 3

what-is-beautiful-is-good effect 

Question 4

Jose expects his nieces to play quietly and be "girly," so he sets up a tea party for their stuffed animals. What might Jose be creating

A) attributional ambiguity
B) a central trait
C) self-fulfilling prophecy
D) halo effect

Question 5

What are our understandings of other people called

A) person perceptions
B) self-fulfilling prophecy
C) expectancy effect
D) a central trait

Question 6

Which of the following may be a negative effect of being physically attractive

A) confusion of why you are being treated in a particular way
B) feeling like an imposter
C) feeling that your friendships aren't genuine
D) increased worry over aging

Question 7

When we behave in such a way that influences others to fit our perceptions, this is called ______.

A) attributional ambiguity
B) a central trait
C) self-fulfilling prophecy
D) halo effect

Question 8

Fairy tales that feature a beautiful, good princess and ugly wicked witch are relying on ______.

A) self-fulfilling prophecy
B) what-is-beautiful-is-good effect 
C) expectancy effect
D) a central trait

Question 9

The researcher hypothesized that women are more friendly with men, and unintentionally elicited more friendly behavior from female participants. This is an example of what in action

A) self-fulfilling prophecy
B) attributional ambiguity
C) a central trait
D) halo effect

Question 10

Aaron heard the 3-year-old say a swear word. "He must have terrible parents," thought Aaron. This is an example of ______.

A) attributional ambiguity
B) a central trait
C) self-fulfilling prophecy
D) halo effect

Question 11

Which of the following is true about the what-is-beautiful-is-good effect

A) It may become a self-fulfilling prophecy.
B) It is stronger for males than females.
C) It is stronger than most other issues affecting perception.
D) It endures strongly over time.

Question 12

When people make decisions about others based on a halo effect, they tend to assume that a single aspect represents ______.

A) a central trait
B) attributional ambiguity
C) emotional climate
D) expectancy effect

Question 13

Which of the following is a self-fulfilling prophecy

A) unintentionally eliciting rude behavior because we expect someone to be rude
B) basing our entire evaluation of someone on a single trait
C) treating someone as better because they are attractive
D) being confused over why someone treats you the way they do

Question 14

Cherubic-looking Anthony was able to get away with more naughty behaviors than homely Brandon. This might be because of ______.

A) self-fulfilling prophecy
B) what-is-beautiful-is-good effect 
C) expectancy effect
D) a central trait

Question 15

Another term for self-fulfilling prophecy is called ______.

A) a central trait
B) expectancy effect
C) attributional ambiguity
D) halo effect

Question 16

Kayla noticed that the little girl was clean and well dressed. "She must have a caring and attentive mother," thought Kayla. This is an example of ______.

A) attributional ambiguity
B) a central trait
C) self-fulfilling prophecy
D) halo effect

Question 17

Confusion over why someone treats you in a particular way is called ______.

A) emotional climate
B) expectancy effect
C) attributional ambiguity
D) self-fulfilling prophecy

Question 18

Which theory focuses on how our behavior can influence the behavior of others

A) attributional ambiguity
B) halo effect
C) self-fulfilling prophecy
D) what-is-beautiful-is-good effect

Question 19

When is someone most likely to use the halo effect

A) upon first meeting someone
B) with someone who is familiar
C) with someone whom we study closely
D) when we attempt to carefully process information about someone

Question 20

When someone uses a single piece of information as the basis for forming and impression, this is known as ______.

A) a central trait
B) self-fulfilling prophecy
C) attributional ambiguity
D) halo effect

Question 21

The first grade teacher was told by Shawn's old kindergarten teacher that Shawn was very shy. As a result, the first grade teacher noticed whenever he was quiet or did not play with others. Her attention was directed by ______.

A) self-fulfilling prophecy
B) halo effect
C) attributional ambiguity
D) what-is-beautiful-is-good effect 

Question 22

Dr. Murphy designed her study to be double-blind. What can she hopefully avoid using this design

A) self-fulfilling prophecy
B) halo effect
C) attributional ambiguity
D) what-is-beautiful-is-good effect 

Question 23

Antoine believes that his student would perform better if she just understood her errors. Thus, he makes a special effort to write detailed explanations on her term papers. Antoine may be creating a self-fulfilling prophecy through ______.

A) emotional climate
B) expectations of effort
C) increased opportunities
D) differential feedback

Question 24

Sharing information through body language, tone of voice, and facial expressions is an example of ______.

A) universality hypothesis
B) facial leakage
C) nonverbal communications
D) Duchenne smile

Question 25

Toby believes her Hebrew student is gifted. Thus, she gives him longer and more difficult passages to memorize. Toby may be creating a self-fulfilling prophecy through ______.

A) emotional climate
B) expectations of effort
C) increased opportunities
D) differential feedback

Question 26

Certain facial expressions seem to be expressed across cultures. This is known as ______.

A) universality hypothesis
B) converging evidence
C) micro-expressions
D) affect blend

Question 27

The "run" on the bank mentioned in the text is an example of how panic may lead to ______.

A) attributional ambiguity
B) a central trait
C) self-fulfilling prophecy
D) halo effect

Question 28

People who are blind from birth have similar facial expressions to their sighted counterparts. What concept does this support

A) universality hypothesis
B) affect blend
C) micro-expressions
D) facial leakage

Question 29

Chara believes that her student would do well if he just had more confidence. Because of this, she calls on him frequently and pauses after she asks him a question. Chara may be creating a self-fulfilling prophecy through ______.

A) emotional climate
B) expectations of effort
C) increased opportunities
D) differential feedback

Question 30

People around the world recognize an upturned mouth as being associated with happiness. What concept does this support

A) universality hypothesis
B) affect blend
C) micro-expressions
D) facial leakage

Question 31

In the movie "Pretty Woman" Richard Gere transforms Julia Roberts from a low-class prostitute into a high-class lady. This move is an example of ______.

A) halo effect
B) a central trait
C) Pygmalion effect
D) attributional ambiguity

Question 32

Which of the following is true about self-fulfilling prophecies in the classroom

A) Self-fulfilling prophecies are the most important influence on student achievement
B) Self-fulfilling prophecies are especially important to students who are popular.
C) It is unclear whether self-fulfilling prophecies do more harm or good.
D) The effect of a self-fulfilling prophecy increases over time.

Question 33

Mina's teacher expected her to be a troublemaker like her older brother and treated her with suspicion. Despite this, Mina did very well in the class. Which piece of research on self-fulfilling prophecies is relevant

A) What looks like a self-fulfilling prophecy may be an accurate assessment by the teacher.
B) It is unclear whether self-fulfilling prophecies tend to do more harm than good.
C) Self-fulfilling prophecies can be especially influential on students who belong to groups that are already stigmatized. 
D) Self-fulfilling prophecies do occur in the classroom, but they are only one of many influences on student achievement.

Question 34

When similar results occur with different researchers using different methods, this is known as ______.

A) universality hypothesis
B) replication
C) statistical support
D) converging evidence

Question 35

Which of the following studies demonstrates the importance of double-blind studies

A) Rosenthal's "maze bright" or "maze dull" rat study
B) Feingold's meta-analysis of research with attractive people
C) Dion, Berscheid, & Walster's study on the halo effect of physical attractiveness
D) Asch's study of using words to create a halo effect

Question 36

Infants around the world smile at the sound of a familiar voice. What concept does this support

A) universality hypothesis
B) affect blend
C) micro-expressions
D) facial leakage

Question 37

Ten-year-old Kerry is from the "wrong side of the tracks" and his fourth grade teacher expects bad behavior from him. Why could this expectation be especially harmful for Kerry

A) What looks like a self-fulfilling prophecy may be an accurate assessment made by a teacher.
B) It is unclear whether self-fulfilling prophecies tend to do more harm than good.
C) Self-fulfilling prophecies can be especially influential on students who belong to groups that are already stigmatized.
D) Self-fulfilling prophecies are only one of many influences on student achievement.

Question 38

Dr. Vargas studies emotions using surveys; Dr. Ebo studies through behavioral observation; and Dr. Talve studies them with lab experiments. What is the fact that they have similar results called

A) universality hypothesis
B) replication
C) statistical support
D) converging evidence

Question 39

Eduardo believes that his new student is not participating because she is shy, so he tries to create a kind and supportive classroom for her. Eduardo may be creating a self-fulfilling prophecy through ______.

A) emotional climate
B) expectations of effort
C) increased opportunities
D) differential feedback

Question 40

Which of the following is a way that teachers unknowingly create positive self-fulfilling prophecies

A) giving students more feedback about the class as a whole
B) creating a warmer social environment
C) teaching less difficult material
D) requiring fewer responses from students

Question 41

Claudia was proud of her daughter for trying to make breakfast, but it tasted awful. Which of the following best reflects her face as she choked down the burnt toast

A) duping delight
B) Duchenne smile
C) micro-expressions
D) affect blend

Question 42

What is the term for displaying contradictory emotions

A) duping delight
B) Duchenne smile
C) micro-expressions
D) affect blend

Question 43

Which of the following is a universal expression

A) fear
B) frustration
C) caring
D) malice

Question 44

Which of the following was true of murderers who lied about searching for missing relatives

A) They blinked more often than people telling the truth.
B) They shifted nervously more often than truthful people.
C) They used fewer words in their pleas than truthful people.
D) They were more likely than truthful people to grimace before speaking.

Question 45

Sophie thought engagement ring her boyfriend purchased was lovely, and she was very fond of him. At the same time, she wondered if they were moving too fast. Which of the following likely best reflects her facial expressions

A) duping delight
B) Duchenne smile
C) micro-expressions
D) affect blend

Question 46

Delia was excited for her son, but already felt lonesome as she dropped him off at the university. Which of the following likely best reflects her facial expressions

A) duping delight
B) Duchenne smile
C) micro-expressions
D) affect blend

Question 47

What did Ekman call involuntary flashes of emotional honesty

A) micro-expressions
B) affect blend
C) duping delight
D) Duchenne smile

Question 48

Which of the following is a universal expression

A) tenderness
B) caring
C) happiness
D) reverence

Question 49

What is another term for a Duchenne smile

A) genuine smile
B) affect blend
C) duping delight
D) facial leakage

Question 50

Kevin thought his date was beautiful, but was distracted and embarrassed to notice the toilet paper trailing behind her shoe. Which of the following likely best reflects his facial expressions

A) duping delight
B) Duchenne smile
C) micro-expressions
D) affect blend

Question 51

Susan is delighted with her grandson. Whenever she sees him, the corners of her mouth are upturned and the muscles around her eyes pull up her cheeks. This is an example of ______.

A) duping delight
B) facial leakage
C) Duchenne smile
D) affect blend

Question 52

Which of the following is a universal expression

A) Frustration
B) frustration
C) anger
D) confusion

Question 53

Which of the following is a universal expression

A) tenderness
B) surprise
C) reverence
D) confusion

Question 54

What is a genuine smile called

A) affect blend
B) Duchenne smile
C) duping delight
D) facial leakage

Question 55

Which of the following is a universal expression

A) frustration
B) caring
C) malice
D) disgust

Question 56

Police often push suspects to confess, believing they can spot a lie. What is one reason that this is a bad idea

A) Many criminals are sociopaths and don't have common "tells" when lying.
B) Coerced confessions are never allowed in court.
C) People are more sensitive to positive than negative information.
D) It is easy to confuse affect blends with lying.

Question 57

Which of the following is a universal expression

A) confusion
B) sadness
C) frustration
D) malice

Question 58

Satsuke wore a satisfied smirk, convinced that she had deceived her mother about the upcoming surprise party. This smirk would be described as ______.

A) micro-expressions
B) affect blend
C) duping delight
D) Duchenne smile

Question 59

Whenever concealed emotions are expressed through automatic muscle responses, this is known as ______.

A) duping delight
B) facial leakage
C) Duchenne smile
D) affect blend

Question 60

A smirk that appears when people feel they have successfully deceived someone is known as ______.

A) micro-expressions
B) affect blend
C) duping delight
D) Duchenne smile

Question 61

Less money is raised for lung cancer research than many other types of cancer, partly because smokers are blamed for developing lung cancer. This viewpoint reflects which of the following

A) just world hypothesis
B) principle of noncommon effects
C) external attribution
D) covariation model of attribution

Question 62

What is the belief that you are mostly in control of your own life

A) external locus of control
B) terror management theory
C) defensive attributions
D) internal locus of control

Question 63

Stanley broke up with his boyfriend Chris. Chris is smart, talented, and funny, but has bad body odor. Sharon decides that Stanley broke up with Chris because of the smell. Sharon is relying on what to make this assumption

A) principle of noncommon effects
B) external attribution
C) just world hypothesis
D) internal locus of control

Question 64

Even though Tari could not speak Spanish, she knew that her Spanish audience appreciated her violin playing because of their facial expressions. Which concept explains why this is possible

A) universality hypothesis
B) culturemes
C) micro-expressions
D) affect blend

Question 65

Sandy watched an elderly man slip and fall. She decided this must be because he is old and losing coordination. Sandy is relying on what to make her decision

A) external attribution
B) covariation model of attribution
C) internal attribution
D) principle of noncommon effects

Question 66

Tsitsi couldn't keep from laughing when she tried to deny stealing a cookie. Her lie was detectable because of ______.

A) affect blend
B) culturemes
C) Duchenne smile
D) facial leakage

Question 67

Sven believes that most aspects of his life are under his own power. Sven's outlook most closely matches which of the following

A) external locus of control
B) terror management theory
C) defensive attributions
D) internal locus of control

Question 68

Tito didn't think the foreign language comic was supposed to be funny, despite understanding the language. What is likely keeping Tito from getting the joke

A) universality hypothesis
B) culturemes
C) duping delight
D) affect blend

Question 69

Different interpretations of culturemes may be related to which of the following

A) difficulty understanding basic facial expressions across cultures
B) difficulty interpreting tone of voice across cultures
C) difficulty interpreting humor across cultures
D) difficulty translating the emotion of music across cultures

Question 70

Which best describes nonverbal communication that conveys widely shared social impressions

A) culturemes
B) symbols
C) seals
D) logos

Question 71

When faced with failure, Kazuo focuses on working harder and finding better strategies for success. This exemplifies which of the following

A) external locus of control
B) terror management theory
C) defensive attributions
D) internal locus of control

Question 72

Kai assumes that employees are usually late because of things beyond their control, such as bad weather or heavy traffic. Kai is relying on what to make this assumption

A) external attribution
B) covariation model of attribution
C) internal attribution
D) principle of noncommon effects

Question 73

Which viewpoint sees people as amateur scientists using commonsense explanations to answer why events around us occur

A) terror management theory
B) attribution theory
C) covariation model of attribution
D) just world hypothesis

Question 74

Which is an attribution type that is also called dispositional

A) noncommon
B) external
C) internal
D) just world

Question 75

Sherman sees a woman trip and fall. He assumes this happened because the sidewalk is uneven. Sherman is relying on what to make his decision

A) external attribution
B) covariation model of attribution
C) internal attribution
D) principle of noncommon effects

Question 76

Using logic to find a unique factor involved in the decision-making of others is relying on what concept

A) external attribution
B) principle of noncommon effects
C) internal locus of control
D) just world hypothesis

Question 77

Which is the belief that people usually get what they deserve

A) just world hypothesis
B) principle of noncommon effects
C) external attribution
D) internal attribution

Question 78

The Puritan ethics of belief in hard work and strong religious faith would be associated with which of the following

A) just world hypothesis
B) principle of noncommon effects
C) external attribution
D) covariation model of attribution

Question 79

Which is an attribution type that is also called situational

A) just world
B) external
C) noncommon
D) internal

Question 80

Tia thinks that most students fail because of personal characteristics, like laziness or low IQ. Tia is relying on what to make her decision

A) external attribution
B) covariation model of attribution
C) internal attribution
D) principle of noncommon effects