Deck 6: Attitudes and Persuasion

Question 1

Kevin hates bedbugs. In this case, bedbugs are ______.

A) informational beliefs
B) evaluative beliefs
C) attitude objects
D) uni-valenced decisions

Answer 1

attitude objects

Question 2

Christianity's acceptance of the Immaculate Conception is an example of ______.

A) informational belief
B) evaluative belief
C) attitude object
D) uni-valenced decisions

Answer 2

informational belief

Question 3

The interviewer asked Dylan to judge and evaluate the quality of his toothpaste. What is the interviewer asking for

A) informational belief
B) evaluative belief
C) model of dual attitudes
D) attitude

Answer 3

attitude

Question 4

What is the proposition that new attitudes override old attitudes

A) model of dual attitudes
B) implicit attitudes
C) explicit attitudes
D) uni-valenced decisions

Question 5

Shay enjoys speeding around in her car, but dislikes the pollution that it causes. What best describes these feelings about her car

A) informational beliefs
B) evaluative beliefs
C) dual attitudes
D) implicit attitudes

Question 6

Sherry gave her instructor a negative evaluation. This evaluation is an example of ______.

A) attitude
B) informational belief
C) attitude object
D) model of dual attitudes

Question 7

Herman thinks that slugs are disgusting. This is an example of ______.

A) informational belief
B) attitude
C) attitude object
D) model of dual attitudes

Question 8

Wilson likes his neighbor, and forgave him for ruining his new lawn mower. But Wilson still feels annoyance when his neighbor asks to borrow other items. What term best describes Wilson's viewpoint of his neighbor

A) implicit attitudes
B) dual attitudes
C) explicit attitudes
D) uni-valenced decisions

Question 9

Jamie has conflicting feelings about family vacations. In this case, family vacations are ______.

A) informational beliefs
B) evaluative beliefs
C) attitude objects
D) uni-valenced decisions

Question 10

Which of the following are apparent facts that are not firsthand knowledge, but gained from a trusted source

A) evaluative belief
B) attitude object
C) uni-valenced decisions
D) informational belief

Question 11

When a belief is judged as positive or negative, it becomes ______.

A) attitude object
B) dual attitude
C) evaluative belief
D) informational belief

Question 12

What is having contrasting beliefs about the same thing

A) informational belief
B) evaluative belief
C) implicit attitudes
D) dual attitudes

Question 13

Knowing that the tooth fairy collects teeth from under pillows is an example of ______.

A) informational belief
B) evaluative belief
C) attitude object
D) uni-valenced decisions

Question 14

Feeling that red wine is better than white wine is an example of ______.

A) informational belief
B) evaluative belief
C) attitude object
D) uni-valenced decisions

Question 15

What are attitudes directed toward

A) uni-valenced decisions
B) attitude object
C) informational belief
D) evaluative belief

Question 16

Feeling that black shoes are better than brown shoes is an example of ______.

A) informational belief
B) evaluative belief
C) attitude object
D) uni-valenced decisions

Question 17

Feeling that snails taste disgusting is an example of ______.

A) informational belief
B) evaluative belief
C) dual attitude
D) implicit attitude

Question 18

After eating at a fast-food restaurant, Cynthia filled out a survey about the quality of food and service. This survey is intended to measure ______.

A) model of dual attitudes
B) informational belief
C) attitude
D) evaluative belief

Question 19

What is an inner tendency to judge or evaluate something or someone either positively or negatively

A) attitude
B) informational belief
C) evaluative belief
D) model of dual attitudes

Question 20

Lydia loves butterflies. In this case, butterflies are ______.

A) informational beliefs
B) evaluative beliefs
C) attitude objects
D) uni-valenced decisions

Question 21

Rhea believes that stealing is wrong. But she occasionally shoplifts because her friends do. Which of the following is guiding her behavior

A) self-affirmation
B) attitude
C) social norms
D) perceived control

Question 22

The Strack, Martin, & Stepper (1988) study found that we infer our emotions from what our face is doing. This is known as ______.

A) theory of planned behavior
B) self-affirmation
C) facial feedback hypothesis
D) perceived control

Question 23

______ are always based on controlled, conscious beliefs.

A) Implicit attitudes
B) Dual attitudes
C) Evaluative beliefs
D) Explicit attitudes

Question 24

Which theory suggests that belief categories include attitudes, social norms, and perceived control

A) self-affirmation theory
B) theory of planned behavior
C) facial feedback hypothesis
D) specificity principle

Question 25

Casey's therapist suggested that he combats depression by smiling at himself in the mirror for 5 min every day. The therapist is relying on what concept

A) perceived control
B) facial feedback hypothesis
C) theory of planned behavior
D) self-affirmation

Question 26

Tia believes that it is important to be forgiving because that's what good people do. This type of attitude would seem to support ______.

A) self-affirmation theory
B) uni-valenced decisions
C) perceived control
D) theory of planned behavior

Question 27

Lulu is aware of her feelings toward different types of candies. Thus, these feelings are ______.

A) explicit attitudes
B) implicit attitudes
C) dual attitudes
D) informational beliefs

Question 28

One good predictor of an election outcome is how children vote in classroom elections. Since children aren't politically savvy, it is likely they make their decisions through ______.

A) classical conditioning
B) social learning
C) operant conditioning
D) self-affirmation

Question 29

What is the proposition that the link between attitudes and behaviors is stronger when the attitude and the behavior are measured at the same level of detail

A) specificity principle
B) theory of planned behavior
C) perceived control
D) self-affirmation theory

Question 30

What is the proposition that we learn attitudes by observing and imitating others

A) self-affirmation
B) operant conditioning
C) social learning theory
D) classical conditioning

Question 31

Jaleesa never noticed that she always held her purse tighter when walking near panhandlers. Her grip on the purse may be indicative of ______.

A) explicit attitudes
B) dual attitudes
C) evaluative beliefs
D) implicit attitudes

Question 32

Aviva is an observant Jew and is looking for a partner on a dating site for Jewish singles. This is an example of ______.

A) self-affirmation
B) social learning theory
C) operant conditioning
D) assortative mating

Question 33

Carla's school has an excellent orchestra program, and many of her friends participate. She has a good ear for music and plays the violin, but she doesn't like classical music and so avoids the program. Which of the following is guiding her behavior

A) self-affirmation
B) attitude
C) social norms
D) perceived control

Question 34

______ are always based on automatic, unconscious beliefs.

A) Explicit attitudes
B) Uni-valenced decisions
C) Implicit attitudes
D) Evaluative beliefs

Question 35

Pairing a previously neutral stimulus with a stimulus that naturally causes a particular result causes us to react in a new way to the neutral stimulus. What is this called

A) social learning
B) operant conditioning
C) imitative learning
D) classical conditioning

Question 36

Sammy believes doing well in school is important, and most of his friends are good students. He also thinks he isn't smart, and mostly earns Cs and Ds. Which of the following is guiding his behavior

A) self-affirmation
B) attitude
C) social norms
D) perceived control

Question 37

Darnell believes that recycling is a good thing, but there are several glass bottles and aluminum cans in his trash can. Which is the likely reason for the discrepancy

A) When he said that recycling was good, he meant it was good for other people.
B) Attitudes do not predict behaviors, so his attitude is irrelevant.
C) His behavior hasn't been observed long enough.
D) His attitude is general, but recycling behavior is specific.

Question 38

The concept that we try to impress ourselves in order to preserve our sense of worth and integrity is known as ______.

A) social norms
B) perceived control
C) theory of planned behavior
D) self-affirmation theory

Question 39

The idea that an attitude object is good or bad (but not both) is called ______.

A) explicit attitudes
B) uni-valenced decisions
C) implicit attitudes
D) informational beliefs

Question 40

The process through which people find a partner who is similar to themselves is called ______.

A) assortative mating
B) self-affirmation
C) social learning theory
D) operant conditioning

Question 41

Evan got the stomach flu after eating chocolate cake. Now he cannot stand the sight of chocolate. His attitude was shaped by ______.

A) classical conditioning
B) social learning
C) operant conditioning
D) self-affirmation

Question 42

When Maya was 3 years old, she was swarmed by bees. Now she doesn't like bees and fears them. Her attitude was shaped by ______.

A) classical conditioning
B) social learning
C) operant conditioning
D) self-affirmation

Question 43

Emily was burned by trying to drink hot cocoa. Now she only likes cold drinks. Her attitude was shaped by ______.

A) classical conditioning
B) social learning
C) operant conditioning
D) self-affirmation

Question 44

Tia received a time-out every time she yelled in the house. Now she doesn't like loud sounds in the house. Her attitude was shaped by ______.

A) classical conditioning
B) social learning
C) operant conditioning
D) self-affirmation

Question 45

Festinger proposed that doomsday cult members became more committed to their groups after the proposed "doomsday" came and went in order to avoid ______.

A) cognitive dissonance
B) sufficient justification
C) self-justification
D) rationalization trap

Question 46

Senator Smith was clearly guilty of corruption, but her followers continued to support her. This may have been to avoid the discomfort of ______.

A) cognitive dissonance
B) sufficient justification
C) self-justification
D) rationalization trap

Question 47

Unlike villains in children's stories, almost no one believes themselves to be evil. How do bad people preserve positive views of themselves

A) self-justification
B) cognitive dissonance
C) sufficient justification
D) rationalization trap

Question 48

The IAT claims to measure implicit attitudes. What else might it be measuring

A) technology savviness
B) exposure to cultural prejudices
C) nervousness
D) speed of thought

Question 49

Which is a criticism of the IAT

A) It does not predict prejudiced behavior.
B) It captures automatic beliefs.
C) It is too simple.
D) It is only useful at measuring individuals, not group averages.

Question 50

Behavior shaped by punishment and rewards is known as ______.

A) imitative learning
B) operant conditioning
C) classical conditioning
D) social learning

Question 51

Which test uses reaction time to measure unconscious associations

A) UCS
B) UCA
C) IAT
D) TIA

Question 52

Which is the best example of a bogus pipeline

A) a large machine with lots of buttons
B) a misleading performance report
C) confusing survey questions
D) a strangely behaving confederate

Question 53

Using the framework of Festinger's classic study, which participant is most likely to suffer from cognitive dissonance

A) Anna, who receives $100
B) Brad, who receives a $20 gift card
C) Carol, who receives a "thank you"
D) David, who was treated rudely by the researcher

Question 54

Why would you use a bogus pipeline

A) to circumvent social desirability
B) to see how participants react to failure
C) to see how participants react to confusing surveys
D) to see how participants react to deceptive confederates

Question 55

Buddy earned a dollar every time he cleaned his room. Now Buddy enjoys being tidy. His attitude was shaped by ______.

A) classical conditioning
B) social learning
C) operant conditioning
D) self-affirmation

Question 56

What is the desire to explain one's actions in a way that preserves or enhances a positive view of the self

A) cognitive dissonance
B) sufficient justification
C) rationalization trap
D) self-justification

Question 57

Using the framework of Festinger's classic study, which participant is least likely to suffer from cognitive dissonance

A) Anna, who receives $100
B) Brad, who receives a $20 gift card
C) Carol, who receives a "thank you"
D) David, who was treated rudely by the researcher

Question 58

What is a bogus pipeline

A) incorrect performance feedback
B) a fake lie detector
C) misleading survey questions
D) deceptive confederate behavior

Question 59

Calvin routinely takes office supplies from work, and feels this is acceptable because everyone else is doing it. What is Calvin engaging in

A) cognitive dissonance
B) sufficient justification
C) self-justification
D) rationalization trap

Question 60

Theo's mother patiently offered him spinach many times, and gave him a candy every time he tasted it. Theo now loves spinach. His attitude was shaped by ______.

A) classical conditioning
B) social learning
C) operant conditioning
D) self-affirmation

Question 61

Having a good enough reason to behave in a certain way is known as ______.

A) self-justification
B) cognitive dissonance
C) sufficient justification
D) rationalization trap

Question 62

Lola had to study the counterarguments in preparation for her debate. As a result, she was harder to persuade than before the debate. What explains this

A) heuristics
B) attitude inoculation
C) social power
D) context variables

Question 63

Bernie started by telling himself that it was okay to steal paper clips, and eventually embezzled $10,000. Bernie likely fell victim to ______.

A) cherry-picking data
B) self-justification
C) sufficient justification
D) rationalization trap

Question 64

Not having a good reason to behave in a particular way is known as ______.

A) other justification
B) rationalization trap
C) mental trap
D) insufficient justification

Question 65

What is the state of psychological discomfort that occurs when we try to maintain conflicting beliefs and behaviors

A) cognitive dissonance
B) sufficient justification
C) rationalization trap
D) self-justification

Question 66

What is another name for a mental trap

A) cherry-picking data
B) self-justification
C) rationalization trap
D) cognitive dissonance

Question 67

In Festinger's classic cognitive dissonance study, the second participant was ______.

A) more susceptible to cognitive dissonance
B) less likely to have sufficient justification
C) a confederate
D) a friend of the first participant

Question 68

Carlos was more convinced that his battalion did important work in Iraq after learning there were no weapons of mass destruction (the original invasion justification). What reason best explains Carlos' attitude shift

A) cherry-picking data
B) rationalization trap
C) cognitive dissonance
D) self-justification

Question 69

What describes the relationship between justification and cognitive dissonance

A) Only those with sufficient justification for behavior will have cognitive dissonance.
B) Only those with insufficient justification for behavior will have cognitive dissonance.
C) Only those with sufficient justification for attitudes will have cognitive dissonance.
D) Only those with insufficient justification for attitudes will have cognitive dissonance.

Question 70

Careful study of an opposing position might leave you even more convinced of your original position. Which of the following explains this

A) heuristics
B) attitude inoculation
C) social power
D) context variables

Question 71

The commercial attempted to persuade customers by hiring a famous actor. This is relying on what to persuade

A) central message
B) context variables
C) attitude inoculation
D) heuristics

Question 72

What is building up resistance to persuasion attempts called

A) social power
B) context variables
C) heuristics
D) attitude inoculation

Question 73

What is the name for progressively larger self-justifications that lead to bad outcomes

A) rationalization trap
B) cherry-picking data
C) self-justification
D) sufficient justification

Question 74

Gabriel intentionally avoided looking at accident statistics when researching the effects of marijuana. Which best describes Gabriel's behavior

A) self-justification
B) cherry-picking data
C) rationalization trap
D) cognitive dissonance

Question 75

When writing her paper on the benefits of religion, Sara only used research conducted by Catholic priests. This is an example of ______.

A) self-justification
B) cherry-picking data
C) rationalization trap
D) cognitive dissonance

Question 76

Although Emily thinks of herself as a nonviolent person, she didn't feel guilty for knocking down the purse snatcher. Emily's mismatch is because she had ______.

A) cognitive dissonance
B) rationalization trap
C) self-justification
D) sufficient justification

Question 77

The commercial attempted to persuade customers by playing a catchy jingle. This is relying on what to persuade

A) social power
B) context variables
C) attitude inoculation
D) heuristics

Question 78

Which model proposes a direct and peripheral route to persuasion

A) Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM)
B) Learning Model
C) McGuire's six-step model
D) Hovland's four-step model

Question 79

Selecting information that supports your viewpoint and ignoring other information is known as ______.

A) rationalization trap
B) cherry-picking data
C) self-justification
D) cognitive dissonance

Question 80

A researcher pretending to be a participant is known as ______.

A) surveyor
B) confederate
C) assistant
D) decoy