Deck 8: Group Processes

Question 1

Which feeling of belonging did the research team demonstrate in the Robert Taylor Housing Projects study

A) sense of identity
B) meaningful information
C) safety
D) social support

Answer 1

social support

Question 2

We are more likely to become friends with our next door neighbor than the neighbor at the end of the street. This is related to what

A) sense of identity
B) functional distance
C) safety
D) physical constraints

Answer 2

functional distance

Question 3

Cindy joined the local buy/sell/trade group to find bargains for her small business. Which of the following best fits the reason she joined this group

A) social support
B) sense of identity
C) safety
D) meaningful information

Answer 3

meaningful information

Question 4

Which feeling of belonging did Schachter demonstrate in his 1959 study

A) sense of identity
B) meaningful information
C) safety
D) social support

Question 5

What is the sense or impression of how we uniquely fit into a larger group

A) meaningful information
B) individual identity
C) safety
D) social support

Question 6

Addie joined a stamp-collecting group so she could learn more about rare and valuable stamps. Which best explains why she joined the group

A) social support
B) sense of identity
C) safety
D) meaningful information

Question 7

Many people joined the Neighborhood Watch because they were concerned about vehicle break-ins and wanted ways to protect themselves. Which best fits the reason they joined the group

A) social support
B) sense of identity
C) safety
D) meaningful information

Question 8

Kelly called herself as a "band geek" and a lot of her self-esteem seemed caught up in concept. Kelly is likely an enthusiastic band member because it provides her with ______.

A) social support
B) sense of identity
C) safety
D) meaningful information

Question 9

Groups are important to us because they provide advantages like resource sharing in times of scarcity. What is this type of advantage

A) evolutionary
B) group cohesiveness
C) social support
D) sense of identity

Question 10

Which feeling of belonging did the research team demonstrate in the Westgate Housing Projects study

A) sense of identity
B) meaningful information
C) safety
D) social support

Question 11

Tara is earning a Girl Scout Gold Award, and she tries to live out the ideals of sisterhood every day. What best explains what Girl Scouts provides Tara

A) social support
B) sense of identity
C) safety
D) meaningful information

Question 12

Harry joined the local concert venue mailing list so he could keep track of what acts were playing. What best explains the reason Harry joined the group

A) social support
B) sense of identity
C) safety
D) meaningful information

Question 13

Which feeling of belonging did Kulik and Mahler demonstrate in their 1989 study

A) sense of identity
B) meaningful information
C) safety
D) social support

Question 14

Two or more individuals interacting with one another or are joined together by a common fate is called ______.

A) friends
B) comrades
C) groups
D) collection

Question 15

Otis is very active in his church. He relies on it for moral guidance and sees being Christian as an important part of who he is. What best explains that which the church provides Otis

A) social support
B) sense of identity
C) safety
D) meaningful information

Question 16

The Community Club provided meals for sick community members, children's parties, and helped disabled people with yard work. What group function did the Community Club provide

A) social support
B) sense of identity
C) safety
D) meaningful information

Question 17

The members to the Lewis and Clark expedition formed bonds as they both suffered and celebrated together. What is this phenomenon called

A) social support
B) sense of identity
C) safety
D) group cohesiveness

Question 18

The research team in the Westgate study discovered that the friendships and group cohesiveness could be predicted by geography or architecture. What are these predictors called

A) safety
B) functional distance
C) sense of identity
D) physical constraints

Question 19

Which feeling of belonging did O'Conner and Dyce demonstrate in their 1993 study of musical groups

A) sense of identity
B) meaningful information
C) safety
D) social support

Question 20

Many long-lasting music groups are comprised of family members. The existing family bonds could increase which of the following

A) group cohesiveness
B) social support
C) sense of identity
D) meaningful information

Question 21

Which of the following is the most likely reason a person would join a grief support group

A) social support
B) sense of identity
C) safety
D) meaningful information

Question 22

Why do group members put up with abuse and hazing

A) cognitive dissonance
B) Stockholm syndrome
C) escalation trap
D) maltreatment effects

Question 23

Based on what we know about the initiation effect, which parents are most likely to value their child's education

A) those whose child walks to the local public school
B) those who drive their child to a special gifted program in the public school system
C) those who pay expensive tuition for private school
D) those paying expensive tuition and completing required volunteer hours

Question 24

Continuing a harmful relationship because of previous investments of time, effort, and resources is an example of which of the following

A) rejection sensitivity
B) escalation trap
C) maltreatment effects
D) hazing

Question 25

Which person is likely to be most committed to the group

A) Janie, whose parents made her join the church youth group.
B) Todd, who paid $5 to join the anime club.
C) Elizabeth, who earned a spot in the honor society with good grades.
D) David, who went through a difficult audition process, and then pays high fees for his conservatory education.

Question 26

The heuristic, "If it's expensive, it must be good quality." is a good example of which of the following

A) initiation effect
B) escalation trap
C) sunken cost fallacy
D) Stockholm syndrome

Question 27

Which of the following is the most likely reason a person would join a group celebrating their ethnic heritage

A) social support
B) sense of identity
C) safety
D) meaningful information

Question 28

This is when a group establishes arbitrary rituals for new members that may cause physical or emotional harm.

A) cognitive dissonance
B) maltreatment effects
C) hazing
D) Stockholm syndrome

Question 29

Why do fearful people tend to cluster together

A) The extra body heat relaxes them.
B) They are looking for comfort.
C) They feel safer because they can band together against threat.
D) Misery loves company.

Question 30

If a group is exclusive and difficult to get into, how much do we want to become a member

A) not at all
B) less
C) more
D) totally indifferent

Question 31

Fewer people know their neighbors since air conditioning leads more people to stay inside during the summer. Which of the following is air conditioning related to

A) sense of identity
B) functional distance
C) safety
D) physical constraints

Question 32

Marnie has been married for 20 years. Her husband has become an abusive alcoholic and no longer works to support the family. Marnie has considered leaving him, but stops every time she remembers all the time and effort she's put into the relationship. Why won't she leave him

A) hazing
B) Stockholm syndrome
C) escalation trap
D) initiation effect

Question 33

What is one way that groups provide a sense of individual identity

A) allowing us to make social comparisons
B) social support
C) safety
D) meaningful information

Question 34

Fraternity pledges were required to run across campus at night, wearing nothing but women's underwear. This is an example of what

A) hazing
B) cognitive dissonance
C) maltreatment effects
D) Stockholm syndrome

Question 35

Why does hazing increase commitment to the group

A) cognitive dissonance
B) Stockholm syndrome
C) maltreatment effects
D) escalation trap

Question 36

Why do anxious people tend to avoid each other

A) Because anxiety makes people crabby.
B) Because they want nonanxious people to help them feel calm.
C) Because anxiety makes people want to isolate themselves.
D) Because they are too distracted to look for others.

Question 37

Which of the following is the most likely reason a job seeker would sign up for a job leads e-mail group

A) social support
B) sense of identity
C) safety
D) meaningful information

Question 38

Which of the following is the most likely reason a person would join a Neighborhood Watch group

A) social support
B) sense of identity
C) safety
D) meaningful information

Question 39

How does Keating explain the maltreatment effect

A) People are uncertain of appropriate social norms.
B) Emotionally vulnerable people are more likely to seek out groups.
C) People are fearful of punishment.
D) People become attached to and dependent on other group members.

Question 40

Martin spent a lot of time and money getting into the most exclusive country club. Despite the fact that the golf course and other amenities turned out to be similar to his old club, he is much more enthusiastic about the new one. This reaction is know as ______.

A) escalation trap
B) effort justification
C) sunken cost fallacy
D) Stockholm syndrome

Question 41

Marching bands playing for armies and a cheerleading captains yell of "Ready? OK!" are all attempts to prevent what phenomenon

A) social loafing
B) process loss
C) coordination loss
D) free riders

Question 42

The team that lost at tug-of-war had a difficult time making sure everyone pulled at once. This difficulty is best described as ______.

A) optimal distinctiveness
B) process loss
C) coordination loss
D) free riders

Question 43

A man has an argument with this significant other. He is very worried that his partner might leave him and apologizes profusely. Which of the following explains his reaction

A) cognitive dissonance
B) escalation trap
C) rejection sensitivity
D) sunken cost fallacy

Question 44

Ethan always does what he enjoys and doesn't worry much about how others will react. Ethan is low in ______.

A) cognitive dissonance
B) rejection sensitivity
C) attachment
D) dependence

Question 45

An exceptionally gifted student "dumbs down" his level of conversation when interacting with his less academically gifted peers for fear of standing out too much. Which concept best explains this

A) social facilitation
B) optimal distinctiveness theory
C) attachment theory
D) dependence

Question 46

The fear of rejection may be powerful in part due to the potential loss of all the advantages groups give us was theorized by ______.

A) Van Beest and Williams
B) Baumeister and Leary
C) Downey and Feldman
D) Gruter and Masters

Question 47

Brewer suggested a solution to the question, "How do we balance our need for attention and independence with our need to belong to a group?" His theory is called ______.

A) optimal distinctiveness theory
B) social facilitation theory
C) attachment theory
D) dependence theory

Question 48

A form of maltreatment effect occurs when hostages develop affection for their captors. This is called ______.

A) Stockholm syndrome
B) cognitive dissonance
C) escalation trap
D) sunken cost fallacy

Question 49

"Gandy dancers" used rhythmic songs for their jobs working together maintaining tracks. What were these songs likely developed to prevent

A) social loafing
B) process loss
C) coordination loss
D) free riders

Question 50

The synchronized swimming team had points deducted because some women popped from the water before the rest. What caused this to occur

A) social loafing
B) process loss
C) coordination loss
D) free riders

Question 51

The phenomenon when group norms become powerful influences because of the fear of social rejection and ostracism.

A) cognitive dissonance
B) escalation trap
C) rejection sensitivity
D) sunken cost fallacy

Question 52

Some evolutionary psychologists make assumptions about human romantic relationships based on mating behaviors of animals. This is an example of what

A) evaluation apprehension hypothesis
B) comparative social psychology
C) mere presence hypothesis
D) optimal distinctiveness

Question 53

Sara notices that she runs faster when at track team practice than when she runs alone. What best explains this

A) evaluation apprehension hypothesis
B) conscientiousness
C) agreeableness
D) social facilitation

Question 54

Triplett's bicycle racing experiments tested social facilitation by arousing what instinct

A) conscientiousness
B) competitive
C) agreeableness
D) "Protestant work ethic"

Question 55

The phenomenon of improved effort and performance in the presence of others is called ______.

A) evaluation apprehension hypothesis
B) conscientiousness
C) agreeableness
D) social facilitation

Question 56

Chad notices that his dog runs faster at the dog park than in the back yard. What best explains this

A) evaluation apprehension hypothesis
B) conscientiousness
C) agreeableness
D) social facilitation

Question 57

The rowing crew lost the competition because they had difficulty synchronizing their strokes. What best describes this problem

A) social loafing
B) process loss
C) coordination loss
D) free riders

Question 58

Which of the following is an example of comparative social psychology

A) making assumptions about human relationship based on mating behavior of mud crabs
B) making assumptions about all adult relationships based on college students
C) making assumptions about Asian relationships based on Western research
D) making assumptions about same-sex relationships based on heterosexual relationships

Question 59

Miguel noticed that he made more free-throws when practicing with his friends than when practicing alone. What best explains this

A) evaluation apprehension hypothesis
B) conscientiousness
C) agreeableness
D) social facilitation

Question 60

According to the FBI, what percentage of hostages end up agreeing with their captors demands or feeling friendship or even romantic attachment to their captors

A) 3%
B) 8%
C) 12%
D) 16%

Question 61

What explanation says that our anxiety about being judged by others is what causes physiological arousal and consequential changes in behavior

A) mere presence hypothesis
B) coordination loss
C) evaluation apprehension hypothesis
D) process loss

Question 62

During the recital, Eva's performance on the simple piece improved, but performance of the difficult piece suffered. What best describes this phenomenon

A) evaluation apprehension hypothesis
B) mere presence hypothesis
C) optimal distinctiveness
D) comparative social psychology

Question 63

Professor Glen wants to assign group projects but is concerned that some students won't do their fair share of work. What can he do to reduce the amount of social loafing

A) Assign each group member a particular task for which they are responsible.
B) Make the task easy.
C) Have students who don't know each other well work together.
D) Emphasize the minor nature of the task.

Question 64

When the new work group formed, the supervisor made group members wear large name tags and asked everyone to initial the work they helped complete. How might these actions reduce social loafing

A) Contributions can be connected to individuals.
B) They feel like the supervisor cares about them as people.
C) They have pride in seeing their initials on the work.
D) The group is new, so existing prejudices don't get in the way.

Question 65

Leo complained that the group assignment was nothing but busy work and also that he was the only one doing any work. Based on this information, why is social loafing happening

A) Group members aren't personally identifiable.
B) The task is too hard.
C) No one believes the task is important.
D) Group members don't know each other.

Question 66

Rose has noticed that the harder she works, the less effort other team members seem to put forth. What is Rose noticing

A) coordination loss
B) evaluation apprehension hypothesis
C) social loafing
D) process loss

Question 67

Richard is the last to arrive at work and the first to leave. He takes several smoke breaks during the day and spends a lot of time on social media. This would suggest that Richard is low in what personality trait

A) agreeableness
B) conscientiousness
C) openness
D) extroversion

Question 68

Quinn is the first to arrive at work and the last to leave. He is industrious throughout the day. This would suggest that Quinn is high in which of the following personality traits

A) agreeableness
B) conscientiousness
C) openness
D) extroversion

Question 69

Studying human social behavior by comparing it with nonhuman animals is called what

A) evaluation apprehension hypothesis
B) mere presence hypothesis
C) optimal distinctiveness
D) comparative social psychology

Question 70

The company is putting together a group to work on a new project. Which of the following would help reduce social loafing

A) Make sure the group members know each other.
B) Don't make the task project very difficult.
C) Allow the group to divide tasks and don't keep track of individual input.
D) Don't emphasize task importance.

Question 71

Daria is pleasant and friendly. She does her best to be kind to coworkers. Daria is high in which of the following personality traits

A) agreeableness
B) conscientiousness
C) openness
D) extroversion

Question 72

Lena always performs worse for an audience. This would best be explained by which of the following

A) coordination loss
B) mere presence hypothesis
C) evaluation apprehension hypothesis
D) process loss

Question 73

Koocher's study on performance was conducted in ______.

A) men's restroom
B) women's restroom
C) kitchen
D) study lounge

Question 74

______ happens when individuals in a group reduce their levels of effort and coast on the efforts of others.

A) Coordination loss
B) Evaluation apprehension hypothesis
C) Social loafing
D) Process loss

Question 75

Dorene is an A student who is very concerned with keeping up her GPa. She hates group projects because she ends up doing most of the work, while other students contribute little. Dorene is frustrated about what

A) coordination loss
B) evaluation apprehension hypothesis
C) social loafing
D) process loss

Question 76

The magician performed her simple tricks even better in front of the audience than in practice. But her big finale fell flat. What best explains this

A) evaluation apprehension hypothesis
B) mere presence hypothesis
C) optimal distinctiveness
D) comparative social psychology

Question 77

The group leader emphasized the importance of the work being done and how giving full effort was needed from everyone. Why might this group be less prone to social loafing

A) The task is difficult.
B) Contributions are personally identifiable.
C) Group members believe the work is valuable.
D) They are working with people they know.

Question 78

The best soccer players on the team performed better in front of the crowd. The worst soccer players performed worse. What might explain this

A) coordination loss
B) mere presence hypothesis
C) evaluation apprehension hypothesis
D) process loss

Question 79

One member of the group is lazy and lets others do the bulk of the work. What would this member be called

A) free rider
B) responsibility diffuser
C) slacker
D) mere presence

Question 80

Which hypothesis argues that simply having other people in the room will help performance on easy tasks and hinder performance on difficult tasks

A) coordination loss
B) mere presence hypothesis
C) evaluation apprehension hypothesis
D) process loss