Deck 9: Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Question 1

What is the idea that individuals observe what others do and copy them, especially when those behaviors lead to success or reward

A) social role theory
B) social learning theory
C) kernel of truth theory
D) social agents theory

Answer 1

social learning theory

Question 2

Sometimes, stereotypes can be at least partially true. This is a concept acknowledged by which theory

A) social agents theory
B) social learning theory
C) social role theory
D) kernel of truth theory

Answer 2

kernel of truth theory

Question 3

What is the idea that we have an automatic tendency to categorize each other and to form "us versus them" groups that validate our perceptions of ourselves in flattering and useful ways

A) ingroup heterogeneity
B) outgroup homogeneity
C) social agents
D) social identity theory

Answer 3

social identity theory

Question 4

Which of the following is an experimental method to create groups based on meaningless categories in order to study intergroup dynamics

A) ingroups
B) minimal group paradigm
C) outgroups
D) social learning theory

Question 5

What is the most pervasive social stereotype

A) racial stereotypes
B) gender stereotypes
C) ethnic stereotypes
D) orientation stereotypes

Question 6

A study that combines more than one independent variable is called ______.

A) true experiment
B) correlational research
C) quasi-experiment
D) factorial design

Question 7

Groups in which we are not members are called ______.

A) ingroups
B) minimal group paradigm
C) outgroups
D) culture

Question 8

Which term refers to the idea that all the members of a particular outgroup are exactly the same

A) social agents
B) social identity theory
C) outgroup homogeneity
D) ingroup heterogeneity

Question 9

Which of the following describes group members in terms of their perceived physical characteristics, personality traits, behaviors (such as foods they eat), and so on

A) prejudices
B) stereotypes
C) discrimination
D) adaptive categorization

Question 10

A collection of shared beliefs is called ______.

A) social agents
B) culture
C) social learning theory
D) social role theory

Question 11

People tend to stereotype because they are lazy thinkers and adopt mental shortcuts wherever possible. What is the other name for this term

A) adaptive categorization
B) minimal group paradigm
C) cognitive misers
D) kernel of truth theory

Question 12

Which of the following refers to our emotions about a given group and how we feel about them

A) adaptive categorization
B) prejudices
C) stereotypes
D) discrimination

Question 13

The cultural benefits of being White in a White-centric society is called ______.

A) White privilege
B) kernel of truth theory
C) social agents
D) ingroup heterogeneity

Question 14

This term refers to the idea that it's easy for us to see the wonderful, wide diversity within our ingroups because we get to know each member as a unique individual.

A) ingroup heterogeneity
B) outgroup homogeneity
C) social agents
D) social identity theory

Question 15

What is the term that describes where messages about cultural beliefs and expectations come from

A) social learning theory
B) social role theory
C) kernel of truth theory
D) social agents

Question 16

What refers to our actions toward a given group and how we act and react toward them

A) adaptive categorization
B) minimal group paradigm
C) prejudice
D) discrimination

Question 17

An evolutionary explanation for the existence of stereotypes is ______.

A) adaptive categorization
B) minimal group paradigm
C) culture
D) kernel of truth theory

Question 18

What is the idea that stereotypes form when we observe the roles that different kinds of people occupy in the world and assume the people occupying them are well suited to the roles

A) social agents theory
B) social learning theory
C) social role theory
D) kernel of truth theory

Question 19

Groups in which we are members are called ______.

A) ingroups
B) minimal group paradigm
C) outgroups
D) culture

Question 20

Which of the following term refers to our beliefs about a given group and how we perceive them

A) discrimination
B) adaptive categorization
C) stereotype
D) prejudice

Question 21

Denise wants her grade school students to not develop stereotypes. She decides to emphasize that every person is very complex and that grouping people into categories is illogical. Why is this likely to be a difficult tactic to use

A) Once human complexity is embraced, the students will cease using stereotypes in the conditions where they are useful.
B) Students will find it impossible to see complexity in themselves or others.
C) Students will turn the information on the teachers, finding examples of prejudice among the faculty.
D) Humans are cognitive misers, and automatically simplify and group things in their environment, including humans.

Question 22

Denise, a grade school teacher, is much more likely to call on boys than girls for answers to questions. This is an example of ______.

A) stereotype
B) prejudice
C) discrimination
D) adaptive response

Question 23

Gerald feels disgusted when he sees someone paying for groceries using food stamps. This is an example of ______.

A) stereotype
B) prejudice
C) discrimination
D) adaptive response

Question 24

Jacque believes all Muslims share a contempt for Christians like him. This is an example of ______.

A) stereotype
B) prejudice
C) discrimination
D) adaptive response

Question 25

Everyone who gets excellent grades is not of above average intelligence. But there is a positive correlation between grades and intelligence. What does this type of finding reinforce

A) stereotypes
B) prejudice
C) kernel of truth theory
D) discrimination

Question 26

Providing participants with information not actually related to their input is called ______.

A) bogus feedback
B) overestimation
C) underestimation
D) minimal group paradigm

Question 27

Since transferring from her all-girls school, Angela's grades in advanced math have dropped. Assuming the material is similar and her teacher is fair, what might explain this change

A) stereotype threat
B) kernel of truth theory
C) outgroup homogeneity
D) token anxiety

Question 28

Sam believes that African Americans are naturally better at sports. This is an example of ______.

A) stereotype
B) prejudice
C) discrimination
D) adaptive response

Question 29

Carl feels a sense of proud kinship when he sees other gay men dressing in current styles. This is an example of ______.

A) stereotype
B) prejudice
C) discrimination
D) adaptive response

Question 30

What occurs when an individual feels at risk of confirming a negative stereotype about his or her group.

A) stereotype threat
B) social learning theory
C) social role theory
D) kernel of truth theory

Question 31

Taaj yells degrading or sexually inappropriate comments at women on the subway. This is an example of ______.

A) stereotype
B) prejudice
C) discrimination
D) adaptive response

Question 32

Evan believes that Native Americans are wiser and more in touch with the land. This is an example of ______.

A) stereotype
B) prejudice
C) discrimination
D) adaptive response

Question 33

The waitress sometimes asks African Americans to pay for their food before being served. This is an example of what

A) stereotype
B) prejudice
C) discrimination
D) adaptive response

Question 34

Mary believes African Americans have a compulsion to be dishonest. This is an example of ______.

A) stereotype
B) prejudice
C) discrimination
D) adaptive response

Question 35

Dr. Gurkas had the students count off 1-4 and then asked them to join other students who had the same number. What is she creating

A) ingroups
B) outgroups
C) minimal groups
D) comparison groups

Question 36

Tom checks his wallet every time he walks near homeless people. This is an example of ______.

A) stereotype
B) prejudice
C) discrimination
D) adaptive response

Question 37

Jen locks her car doors when she drives through parts of town that primarily have African American populations. This is an example of ______.

A) stereotype
B) prejudice
C) discrimination
D) adaptive response

Question 38

Cat feels angry when she sees a group of Jews leaving their synagogue. This is an example of ______.

A) stereotype
B) prejudice
C) discrimination
D) adaptive response

Question 39

Stanley found it easy to name foods which were representative of other countries, but found it difficult to name food that represented the United States because of the variety of U.S. cuisine. Which of the following best explains Stanley's response

A) social identity
B) ingroup heterogeneity
C) culture
D) social learning

Question 40

Dennis feels frightened when in the presence of a group of young African American men. This is an example of ______.

A) stereotype
B) prejudice
C) discrimination
D) adaptive response

Question 41

Following the hurricane, some extremist religious groups blamed gay marriage for causing God to remove his protection from the land. What best explains this kind of prejudice

A) frustration-aggression theory
B) scapegoat theory
C) paternalistic prejudice
D) contemptuous prejudice

Question 42

Beliefs about groups that are favorable in direction or valence are called ______.

A) BIRGing
B) kernel of truth theory
C) positive stereotype
D) envious prejudice

Question 43

Which theory proposes that prejudice results from the justifications we create to determine that our ingroup should receive and unfair amount of limited resources

A) scapegoat theory
B) realistic conflict theory
C) frustration-aggression theory
D) social identity theory

Question 44

What teaches the next generation how to think about one group versus another

A) scapegoat theory
B) paternalistic prejudice
C) frustration-aggression theory
D) cultures

Question 45

What type of prejudice is displayed toward people who have high status and do not compete with the ingroup

A) paternalistic
B) admiration
C) contemptuous
D) envious

Question 46

Prejudice against particular groups provides a mental and emotional shortcut that allows us to maintain a positive view of our self and our ingroups. This is the application of which theory

A) scapegoat theory
B) realistic conflict theory
C) frustration-aggression theory
D) social identity theory

Question 47

When the economy took a downturn and jobs were difficult to find, many people blamed immigrants. What would be a good explanation for rising prejudice in this situation

A) realistic conflict theory
B) scapegoat theory
C) frustration-aggression theory
D) contemptuous prejudice

Question 48

Following the election of a Sikh mayor, many people of middle eastern descent saw an increase in prejudice against them. This retaliation for a political loss could best be explained by which of the following

A) frustration-aggression theory
B) scapegoat theory
C) paternalistic prejudice
D) contemptuous prejudice

Question 49

Which theory proposes that prejudice results from the desire to maintain our self-esteem by perceiving our ingroups are better than our outgroups

A) scapegoat theory
B) realistic conflict theory
C) frustration-aggression theory
D) social identity theory

Question 50

What is the idea that prejudice is the result of one group blaming another innocent group for its problems

A) scapegoat theory
B) realistic conflict theory
C) frustration-aggression theory
D) social identity theory

Question 51

Fiske, Cuddy, Glick, and Xu proposed two categories of judgment: warmth and competence. What is this called

A) frustration-aggression theory
B) stereotype content model
C) social identity theory
D) realistic conflict theory

Question 52

What type of prejudice is displayed toward people who have high status and who compete with the ingroup

A) paternalistic
B) admiration
C) contemptuous
D) envious

Question 53

What type of prejudice is displayed toward people who have low status and who compete with the ingroup

A) paternalistic
B) admiration
C) contemptuous
D) envious

Question 54

A woman chose Mr. Cohen as her CPA because she assumes that "those people" are good with money. This is an example of ______.

A) BIRGing
B) CORFing
C) positive stereotype
D) paternalistic prejudice

Question 55

What is the idea that when things aren't going our way due to poor economic conditions, important failures, or humiliating losses, we become frustrated

A) scapegoat theory
B) realistic conflict theory
C) frustration-aggression theory
D) social identity theory

Question 56

What type of prejudice is displayed toward people who have low status and do not compete with the ingroup

A) paternalistic
B) admiration
C) contemptuous
D) envious

Question 57

Many times throughout history Jews were blamed for societal problems and their villages were destroyed. Blaming the problems of an entire populace on the Jews could be best explained by ______.

A) paternalistic prejudice
B) contemptuous prejudice
C) scapegoat theory
D) frustration-aggression theory

Question 58

Which of the following reinforces the idea that bullies tend to select weaker targets

A) scapegoat theory
B) paternalistic prejudice
C) contemptuous prejudice
D) frustration-aggression theory

Question 59

Believing that all Asian people are good at math is an example of ______.

A) paternalistic prejudice
B) positive stereotype
C) BIRGing
D) CORFing

Question 60

Most people unconsciously rely on stereotypes every day because they simplify decision making. This explanation for stereotyping is called ______.

A) realistic conflict theory
B) adaptive categorization
C) prejudice
D) discrimination

Question 61

What describes religious behaviors because of social or practical rewards

A) extrinsic religiosity
B) religion as quest
C) intrinsic religiosity
D) fundamentalism

Question 62

In which type of religious belief do people value questioning, skepticism, and doubt

A) intrinsic religiosity
B) fundamentalism
C) extrinsic religiosity
D) religion as quest

Question 63

In 1950, Levinson and Sanford proposed that the authoritarian personality generalizes prejudices across many different groups using ______ as a foundation.

A) tradition and devotion
B) authority and order
C) patriotism and laws
D) hierarchies and justice

Question 64

Tonya wore a red jersey and hat when the Cardinals won the World Series. This is an example of ______.

A) BIRGing
B) CORFing
C) positive stereotype
D) paternalistic prejudice

Question 65

"Those Asians always get the best jobs." said Marley. This is an example of ______.

A) envious prejudice
B) paternalistic prejudice
C) contemptuous prejudice
D) scapegoat theory

Question 66

Which of the following refers to a general tendency to exhibit outgroup prejudice

A) social dominance orientation
B) interactionist perspective
C) realistic conflict theory
D) scapegoat theory

Question 67

Some questions include more than one basic idea and confuse people who might agree with one item, but not the other. Such an item is called ______.

A) reverse scored
B) Likert
C) double-barreled
D) forced choice

Question 68

Mia believes that her brother's prejudice comes from a combination of his world outlook and his problems after losing his job. What is the best way to describe Mia's beliefs

A) interactionist perspective
B) outgroup prejudice
C) social dominance orientation
D) authoritarian personality

Question 69

In which type of religious belief do people believe their chosen faith is the only true faith and that religious texts should be taken literally

A) intrinsic religiosity
B) fundamentalism
C) extrinsic religiosity
D) religion as quest

Question 70

Micha rolled his eyes and said "It figures," as he watched a young mother struggling to pay for her purchase with a WIC voucher. This is an example of what

A) positive stereotype
B) paternalistic prejudice
C) contemptuous prejudice
D) envious prejudice

Question 71

"Rich people get everything handed to them, while people like me do all the work." This statement is an example of ______.

A) envious prejudice
B) paternalistic prejudice
C) contemptuous prejudice
D) scapegoat theory

Question 72

Which best describes a sincere belief in one's faith's teachings and attempt to apply those principles to everyday behaviors

A) fundamentalism
B) extrinsic religiosity
C) religion as quest
D) intrinsic religiosity

Question 73

Which of the following focuses on the effects of personality and situation

A) interactionist perspective
B) realistic conflict theory
C) scapegoat theory
D) frustration-aggression theory

Question 74

Paul believes people should give police officers more respect and that those who are abused by police most likely had it coming. Which of the following best describes Paul

A) interactionist perspective
B) conservative
C) authoritarian personality
D) social dominance orientation

Question 75

How will a person with a prejudiced personality tend to feel about their outgroups and members of those outgroups

A) like
B) ambivalence
C) dislike
D) apathetic

Question 76

Helen treats her grandma like a child and calls her new romantic relationship "cute." This is an example of ______.

A) positive stereotype
B) paternalistic prejudice
C) contemptuous prejudice
D) envious prejudice

Question 77

Which of the following suggests that one reason for prejudice is that it makes people feel better about themselves

A) Following the Civil War, the price of cotton was negatively correlated with lynchings.
B) Adolescent bullies tend to have high self-esteem.
C) Anti-Semitism rises during economic downturns.
D) Communists were blamed for Germany's poor economy following WWI.

Question 78

Charlie always stops to help if a woman's car is broken down because he assumes she can't handle the situation alone. This is an example of ______.

A) scapegoat theory
B) paternalistic prejudice
C) contemptuous prejudice
D) envious prejudice

Question 79

Harry stepped aside to let the quick-moving business man pass on the sidewalk "He's our hometown boy done good," mused Harry, "What a great guy." This is an example of ______.

A) paternalistic prejudice
B) contemptuous prejudice
C) envious prejudice
D) admiration prejudice

Question 80

Which term refers to the degree to which one is religious and why

A) fundamentalism
B) religiosity
C) religion as quest
D) faith perspective