Deck 22: Immunizations and Communicable Diseases

Question 1

A nurse is providing education to a group of young mothers. The nurse would explain that as children grow, they develop immunity through:

A)Immunization or exposure to the natural disease.
B)Acquiring diseases from family members who had the disease.
C)Acquiring diseases from other children.
D)Being born with diseases already in their systems.

Answer 1

Immunization or exposure to the natural disease.

Question 2

The mother of an immunocompromised child brings her child to the clinic for a routine check-up and recommended immunizations. The mother expresses concern that her child will "catch" the disease from the vaccination. The nurse would explain that which of the following carry no risk of acquiring the infection? Standard Text: Select all that apply.

A)Toxoid
B)Killed virus vaccine
C)Live virus vaccine
D)Attenuated vaccine
E)Immunoglobulins

Answer 2

Toxoid
Killed virus vaccine
Immunoglobulins

Question 3

The hospital admitting nurse is taking a history on a child's illness from the parents. The nurse concludes that the parents treated their six-year-old child appropriately for a fever related to otitis media when they report that they:

A)Put the child in a tub of cold water to reduce the fever.
B)Alternated acetaminophen with ibuprofen every two hours.
C)Offered generous amounts of fluids frequently.
D)Used aspirin every four hours to reduce the fever.

Answer 3

Offered generous amounts of fluids frequently.

Question 4

The nurse explains to new parents that as healthy children are exposed to more infections, they:

A)Naturally develop antibodies.
B)Are found to be healthier.
C)Will acquire terminal illnesses.
D)Will weaken their immune systems.

Question 5

The school nurse is trying to prevent the spread of a flu virus through the school. Infection-control strategies that could be employed include:

A)Sanitizing toys, telephones, and doorknobs to kill pathogens.
B)Teaching parents safe food preparation and storage.
C)Withholding immunizations for children with compromised immune systems.
D)Not separating children with infections from well children.

Question 6

The nurse prepares a DTaP (diphtheria, tetanus toxoid, and acellular pertussis) immunization for a six-month-old infant. To administer this injection safely, the nurse chooses which of the following needles (size and length), injection type, and injection site?

A)25-gauge, ⁵/₈-inch needle; IM (intramuscular); anterolateral thigh
B)25-gauge, ⁵/₈-inch needle; ID (intradermal); deltoid
C)22-gauge, ¹/₂-inch needle; IM (intramuscular); dorsogluteal
D)25-gauge, ³/₄-inch needle; SQ (subcutaneous); anterolateral thigh

Question 7

The nurse is teaching parents how to prevent the spread of infectious disease. Which of the following is the most important health promotion strategy for all age groups of children?

A)Keeping child free from colds
B)Proper hand hygiene
C)Keeping all toys clean and free from germs
D)Keeping child away from sick adults

Question 8

A child who has not had a tetanus immunization steps on a rusty nail. The child needs immediate protection from tetanus. Which of the following should be given to the child at this time?

A)Toxoid
B)Antigen
C)Killed virus
D)Passive immunity

Question 9

The pediatric clinic has set a goal that 95% or more of the children attending the clinic will be fully immunized. To reach this goal, clinic nurses will teach the families that:

A)The benefits of immunizations outweigh the risks of communicable diseases.
B)Immunizations should be completed by the time the child starts school.
C)Once a child receives a vaccination, that individual has lifelong immunity against that disease.
D)Vaccinations are 100% safe.

Question 10

Which should the nurse use when reconstituting vaccines?

A)The diluents provided
B)Normal saline
C)Any solution available
D)Sterile water

Question 11

The hospital has instructed its nurses that they must participate in disease surveillance associated with infectious agents. The nurses are warned that which of the following disease(s) are likely to be the weapons of terrorists?

A)Rocky Mountain spotted fever and Lyme disease
B)Plague, anthrax, and smallpox
C)Rubella, mumps, and chickenpox
D)Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

Question 12

The nurse is teaching a child care class for mothers of young children. The nurse tells the parent that the most common mode of transmission of infectious disease is:

A)Children who are playing with the same toy.
B)Children who are coughing.
C)Children who are sitting together eating meals.
D)Children who are playing board games.

Question 13

A parent reports that her five-year-old child, who has had all recommended immunizations, had a mild fever one week ago and now has bright red cheeks and a lacy red maculopapular rash on the trunk and arms. The nurse recognizes that this child might have:

A)Rubeola (measles).
B)German measles (rubella).
C)Chickenpox (varicella).
D)Fifth disease (erythema infectiosum).

Question 14

The hospital has just provided its nurses with information about biologic threats and terrorism. After completing the course, a group of nurses are discussing their responsibility in relation to terrorism. The nurse who correctly understood the presentation is the one who identifies their action to be:

A)Initiating isolation precautions for a hospitalized client with methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
B)Notifying the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) if a large number of persons with the same life-threatening infection present to the emergency department.
C)Separating clients according to age and illness to prevent the spread of disease.
D)Disposing of blood-contaminated needles in the lead-lined container.

Question 15

A nurse is providing information to a group of new mothers. The nurse would explain that newborns and young infants are more susceptible to infection because they have:

A)Low levels of antibodies.
B)High levels of maternal antibodies to diseases to which the mother has been exposed.
C)Passive transplacental immunity from maternal immunoglobulin G.
D)Been exposed to microorganisms during the birth process.

Question 16

A mother brings her four-month-old infant in for a routine checkup and vaccinations. The mother reports that the four-month-old was exposed to a brother who has the flu. In this case, the nurse will:

A)Withhold the DTaP vaccination but give the others as scheduled.
B)Give the infant the flu vaccination but withhold the others.
C)Give the vaccinations as scheduled.
D)Withhold the vaccinations.

Question 17

A mother refuses to have her child immunized with the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine because she believes that letting her infant get these diseases will help him fight off other diseases later in life. The nurse's most appropriate response to this mother is to:

A)Tell the mother that by not immunizing her child she may be exposing pregnant women to the virus, which could cause fetal harm.
B)Honor her request because she is the parent.
C)Tell the mother that she is wrong and should have her child immunized.
D)Explain the potential complications of measles, mumps, and rubella infections.

Question 18

The nurse is teaching a class on infectious disease; the nurse understands that zoonosis is only transmitted by:

A)Person to person.
B)Animals to person.
C)Adult to child.
D)Person to insects.

Question 19

The nurse is explaining the importance of hand washing after using the toilet to parents of young children. Which is the most important reason for this practice?

A)Children's immune systems are not fully developed.
B)Hand washing is the main way to limit the transmission of disease.
C)Not all bathrooms are clean.
D)Children do not like to have dirty hands.

Question 20

A two-year-old child with a fever is prescribed amoxicillin clavulanate 250 mg/5 ml three times daily by mouth for ten days for otitis media. To guard against antibiotic resistance, the nurse instructs the parent to:

A)Give the antibiotic for the full ten days.
B)Measure the prescribed dose in a household teaspoon.
C)Spread the dose evenly during daylight hours.
D)Stop the antibiotic when the child is afebrile.

Question 21

After her child receives a vaccination, the mother calls the clinic to report the child's reaction to the immunization. The nurse will recommend the mother call 911 when the mother reports:

A)A few hives are noted around the injection site.
B)The child is running a slight temperature.
C)The child has swelling of the face.
D)Fever and joint pains occurring within hours of the vaccination.

Question 22

There has been an outbreak of communicable diseases in the community. To reduce parental anxiety, the nurse presents information about disease at the school's Parent Teacher Association meeting. The nurse explains that children cannot acquire vector-borne diseases from other children. The nurse explains that vector-borne diseases include: Standard Text: Select all that apply.

A)Measles (Rubeola).
B)Pertussis (whooping cough).
C)Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever.
D)West Nile Virus.
E)Lyme disease.

Question 23

The nurse administers the flu vaccine to a school age child. After administering the vaccine, the nurse will document: Standard Text: Select all that apply.

A)The date of the last flu vaccine.
B)The site of the vaccination.
C)The lot and serial number of the vaccine.
D)The date and time of administration.
E)Who assisted in restraining the child.

Question 24

The clinic nurse is checking the potency of the vaccine. Which finding may have rendered the vaccine ineffective?

A)The vaccine was frozen as labeled.
B)The vaccines have been stored in a refrigerator where the temperature has been maintained between 35^° to 46^° F.
C)The vaccine's expiration date expires within the next month.
D)The vaccine is stored in the door of the refrigerator.

Question 25

The nurse is preparing to administer a vaccine to a 14-month-old infant. Which finding would require that the nurse delay the vaccination until the next well-child visit?

A)The child is allergic to a substance in the vaccine.
B)The child has a low-grade fever and a runny nose.
C)The child received a dose of immune globulin two months ago.
D)The child is on antibiotics.

Question 26

The nurse is evaluating the immunization status of a child. The nurse recognizes that the child can acquire active immunity against a disease by: Standard Text: Select all that apply.

A)Receiving a dose of immunoglobulins.
B)Immunization with a killed virus vaccine.
C)Immunization with a toxoid.
D)Antibiotic therapy.
E)Acquiring the disease.

Question 27

The school nurse wants to protect the students from Reye disease. To this end, the nurse creates a pamphlet that advises the parents to avoid giving which medication to a sick child?

A)Antibiotics
B)Acetaminophen
C)Ibuprofen
D)Aspirin