Deck 15: Biological Stain Analysis: DNA

Question 1

The friction skin ridges:

A) have no useful purpose other than identification.
B) provide a firmer grip.
C) resist slippage.
D) both B and C
E) all of the above

Answer 1

D

Question 2

In the primary classification system, the left index finger has a potential value of:

A) 1.
B) 8.
C) 16.
D) 2.
E) 4.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

AFIS is a(n):

A) computer system programmed to analyze hair.
B) method used to determine age of a latent print.
C) computer software designed to track fingerprint evidence within the chain of custody.
D) assay technique used to identify drugs.
E) computerized system for storing and retrieving fingerprint records.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

It is estimated that there are as many as ________ ridge characteristics in an average complete fingerprint.

A) 300
B) 100
C) 200
D) 150
E) 50

Question 5

The value of ridge patterns in determining the uniqueness of a fingerprint is ________ the value of type and position of ridge characteristics in determining the uniqueness of a fingerprint.

A) less than
B) the same as
C) greater than

Question 6

The pores of the sweat glands are located in the:

A) dermis.
B) skin ridges.
C) friction grooves.
D) dermal papillae.
E) knuckles.

Question 7

The most common ridge pattern is the:

A) arch.
B) whorl.
C) tented arch.
D) accidental.
E) loop.

Question 8

The most commonly encountered ridge characteristics (used by AFIS) are the:

A) ridge ending and island.
B) ridge crossing and short ridge.
C) island and bifurcation.
D) bifurcation and trifurcation.
E) bifurcation and ridge ending.

Question 9

Fingerprints are formed:

A) during fetal development.
B) by the time a child is two years old.
C) at birth.
D) during first six months after birth.
E) at conception.

Question 10

What is the minimum number of ridge characteristics necessary before two fingerprints can be identified as the same?

A) 16
B) 22
C) 10
D) 12
E) No minimum exists. Final determination must be made based on experience and knowledge of the expert.

Question 11

Prints that are not readily visible are commonly referred to as:

A) rolled.
B) obscured.
C) plastic.
D) latent.
E) open.

Question 12

Francis Galeton, in writing his textbook on fingerprints, built on the groundbreaking work in this area by:

A) Bertillon.
B) Doyle.
C) Vucetich.
D) Fauld.
E) Henry.

Question 13

Under which circumstances have two people been found to have identical fingerprints?

A) Siamese twins
B) identical twins
C) fraternal twins
D) members of the same immediate family
E) none to date

Question 14

In the primary classification system, a finger is assigned numerical value if its pattern is a(n):

A) whorl.
B) thumb.
C) arch.
D) loop.
E) ulnar loop.

Question 15

What percentage of the population falls into the 1/1 primary classification category?

A) 10%
B) 5%
C) 20%
D) 25%
E) 30%

Question 16

The number of deltas found in an arch pattern is ________ the number of deltas found in a loop pattern.

A) the same as
B) less than
C) greater than

Question 17

Which person listed below attempted to destroy his fingerprints with corrosive acid?

A) John Dillinger
B) Carlo Gambino
C) William West
D) James Gotti
E) Jimmy Hoffa

Question 18

Will West was the man who:

A) had a virtual "double" with a similar name.
B) invented Superglue.
C) was identified generations later by DNA analysis.
D) mutilated his fingerprints with acid.
E) devised the fingerprint classification system used in Spanish-speaking countries.

Question 19

To permanently alter the fingerprint and produce scars, one must damage the:

A) sweat glands.
B) minutiae.
C) ridges
D) epidermis.
E) dermal papillae.

Question 20

The fingerprint classification system used in most English speaking countries was devised by:

A) Henry.
B) Vucetich.
C) Fauld.
D) Galton.
E) Herschel.

Question 21

Dusting to visualize a latent print on finished leather and rough plastic is best done with a:

A) fiberglass brush.
B) camel's hair brush.
C) Magna brush.
D) all of the above
E) A and C only.

Question 22

In which order should chemical treatments to visualize latent prints be performed? 1. ninhydrin
2) iodine fuming
3) physical developer

A) 1, 3, 2
B) 3, 1, 2
C) 1, 2, 3
D) 2, 1, 3
E) 3, 2, 1

Question 23

Livescan images of fingerprints:

A) have eliminated the need for inked prints on paper cards.
B) are sent to the AFIS database electronically.
C) are captured when the subject's fingers and palms are placed onto a glass platen.
D) do not need to be analyzed by people.
E) A, B and C only

Question 24

Sublimation occurs with the use of:

A) laser-print detection.
B) cyanoacrylate.
C) ninhydrin.
D) iodine fuming.
E) silver nitrate.

Question 25

Which chemical treatment produces a white-appearing latent print?

A) Super Glue fuming
B) physical developer
C) iodine fuming
D) ninhydrin
E) crystal violet

Question 26

Ninhydrin is used on a latent print to detect:

A) protein material.
B) riboflavin.
C) fatty acids.
D) salt.
E) oils.

Question 27

A primary classification of 9/3 means that there are:

A) deltas on the left thumb and right index finger.
B) loops on the right thumb and left ring finger.
C) whorls on the left index and right ring fingers.
D) deltas on fingers #9 and #3.
E) whorls on the left and right middle fingers.

Question 28

After successfully visualizing a latent print on an object an investigator should next:

A) lift the print with adhesive tape.
B) compare it to the suspect's prints.
C) take a 1:1 photograph of the print.
D) apply Super Glue to make the print permanent.
E) classify the print.

Question 29

Investigators can use ________ to detect latent fingerprints without use of chemicals or powder treatments.

A) GC/MS
B) RUVIS
C) FTIR
D) GRIM 3
E) AFIS

Question 30

Which substance is a substitute for Ninhydrin?

A) UV-VIS
B) RAM
C) RAY
D) MRM 10
E) DFO

Question 31

Which of the following types of fingerprints are more likely to be found impressed in soft wax?

A) Visible
B) Latent
C) Hidden
D) Plastic
E) None of the above

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT true about digital imaging?

A) It produces an image composed of pixels.
B) It does not allow for the simultaneous comparison of two prints.
C) It is a process in which a picture is converted into a digital file.
D) Once the image is produced, it can be manipulated and enlarged.
E) It is a reliable method of preserving fingerprint evidence before attempting to lift the print from the substrate.

Question 33

Super Glue fuming is NOT suitable for use on:

A) leather.
B) floor tile.
C) metal.
D) plastic bags.
E) cardboard.

Question 34

The AFIS ________ determines the degree of ________ between the location and relationship of the minutiae between the questioned fingerprint and those in the database.

A) identification system, minutiae
B) software configurations, difference
C) relative position, orientation
D) search algorithm, correlation
E) law enforcement community, cooperation

Question 35

Physical developer contains:

A) silver nitrate.
B) ninhydrin.
C) acrylate.
D) iodine.
E) none of the above

Question 36

The FBI's IAFIS became fully operational in:

A) 1999.
B) 1991.
C) 1971.
D) 1977.
E) 1989.

Question 37

Currently, which of the following is most often used in conjunction with chemically induced fluorescence to visualize latent prints?

A) UV light
B) luminol
C) laser illumination
D) high-intensity light sources
E) IR light

Question 38

What item is NOT considered a porous surface?

A) paper
B) cloth
C) cardboard
D) tile
E) skin

Question 39

Prints impressed in a bar of soap are referred to as:

A) latent.
B) plastic.
C) hidden.
D) dusted.
E) temporary.

Question 40

The first systematic system of individual classification and identification was introduced by

A) Alphonse Bertillon.
B) Richard Henry.
C) William Herschel.
D) Francis Galton.
E) None of the above

Question 41

A point-by-point comparison of a fingerprint's ___________ must be demonstrated in order to prove identity.

A) pattern
B) protein composition
C) minutiae
D) classification
E) none of the above

Question 42

List and diagram the most common ridge characteristics found in a fingerprint.

Question 43

Which statement is true of a partial fingerprint?

A) Any print can identify a criminal if it shows an adequate number of ridge characteristics.
B) Any print is sufficient for identification as long as there is enough to identify its basic pattern.
C) It must show at least a little of all ten fingers.
D) At least 75% of the pattern must be present for identification.
E) None of the above

Question 44

The fingerprint pattern accounting for only 5 percent of all known patterns is the:

A) arch.
B) radial loop.
C) whorl.
D) ulnar loop.
E) none of the above

Question 45

Explain the difference between visible, plastic and latent fingerprints.

Question 46

If an imaginary line drawn between the two deltas of a whorl pattern touches any of the spiral ridges, the pattern is classified as a:

A) accidental
B) central pocket whorl
C) central pocket loop
D) plain whorl
E) accidental whorl

Question 47

Briefly explain how AFIS operates.

Question 48

What techniques are best used on latent prints found on porous surfaces? What about non-porous surfaces?

Question 49

The image produced from a digital file is composed of numerous square electronic dots called:

A) cubic millimeters
B) screen elements
C) pixels
D) bytes
E) bits

Question 50

Protein residues are best developed into fingerprint impressions with:

A) physical developer.
B) iodine.
C) dusting powder.
D) ninhydrin.
E) all of the above

Question 51

Which of the following is not a ridge characteristic of a fingerprint?

A) Island
B) Bifurcation
C) Ridge ending
D) Core
E) Enclosure

Question 52

Chemical methods for developing latent fingerprints must be used in the following sequence:

A) Iodine, ninhydrin, physical developer
B) Iodine, physical developer, ninhydrin
C) Ninhydrin, physical developer, iodine
D) Ninhydrin, iodine, physical developer
E) Physical developer, ninhydrin, iodine

Question 53

A chemical method used for developing prints on nonporous surfaces is:

A) physical developer.
B) ninhydrin.
C) DFO.
D) fuming with cyanoacrylate.
E) all of the above

Question 54

Computerized fingerprint search systems match prints by comparing the position of ___________ and ___________.

A) minutiae; ridge characteristics
B) ridges; furrows
C) loops; arches
D) bifurcations; deltas
E) bifurcations; ridge endings

Question 55

A fingerprint pattern having no delta is a(n):

A) central pocket loop.
B) loop.
C) plain whorl.
D) accidental.
E) arch.

Question 56

List and diagram the three major fingerprint patterns.

Question 57

List and explain the steps in developing and preserving a latent print with a fingerprint powder.