Deck 1: Structure and Bonding

Question 1

Which of the following statements about bonding is true?

A) Covalent bonds result from the transfer of electrons from one element to another.
B) Ionic bonds result from the transfer of electrons from a metal to a non-metal.
C) Ionic bonds result from the sharing of electrons between two non-metals.
D) Covalent bonds result from the sharing of electrons between two metals.

Answer 1

Ionic bonds result from the transfer of electrons from a metal to a non-metal.

Question 2

In which of the following ions does carbon have a formal charge? $\left[ \left( \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \right) _ { 4 } \mathrm {~N} \right] ^ { + }\quad$$\left[ \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \mathrm { CO } _ { 2 } \right] ^ { - }\quad$$\left[ \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \mathrm { OH } _ { 2 } \right] ^ { + }$
$\quad$ I $\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad$ II $\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad$ III

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) None of the above

Answer 2

None of the above

Question 3

Which of the following statements correctly describes the typical number of bonds for carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen in most neutral organic molecules?

A) Carbon forms 4 covalent bonds, nitrogen forms 2 covalent bonds and oxygen forms 3 covalent bonds.
B) Carbon forms 4 covalent bonds, nitrogen forms 3 covalent bonds and oxygen forms 2 covalent bonds.
C) Carbon forms 4 covalent bonds, nitrogen forms 5 covalent bonds and oxygen forms 2 covalent bonds.
D) Carbon forms 4 covalent bonds, nitrogen forms 5 covalent bonds and oxygen forms 4 covalent bonds.

Answer 3

Carbon forms 4 covalent bonds, nitrogen forms 3 covalent bonds and oxygen forms 2 covalent bonds.

Question 4

Which is the correct Lewis structure for acetic acid (CH₃CO₂H)?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV

Question 5

Which of the following Lewis structures is correct?

A) I, II
B) I, III
C) II, III
D) III, IV

Question 6

What is the ground-state electronic configuration of a carbon atom?

A) 1s², 2s², 2p⁵
B) 1s², 2s², 2p²
C) 1s², 2s², 2p⁶
D) 1s², 2s², 2p⁴

Question 7

Which of the following statements about constitutional isomers is true?

A) Constitutional isomers are different molecules having different molecular formula.
B) Constitutional isomers are different molecules having same molecular formula.
C) Constitutional isomers are same molecules having different molecular formula.
D) Constitutional isomers are same molecules having the same molecular formula.

Question 8

Which of the following would you expect to have ionic bonds?

A) CO
B) FBr
C) NF₃
D) NaCl

Question 9

Which of the following Lewis structures is correct?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV

Question 10

What is the ground-state electronic configuration of a fluorine atom?

A) 1s², 2s², 2p²
B) 1s², 2s², 2p³
C) 1s², 2s², 2p⁴
D) 1s², 2s², 2p⁵

Question 11

In which of the following ions does carbon have a formal charge? $\mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \mathrm { OH }\quad$$\mathrm { NaCH } _ { 3 }\quad$$\mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \mathrm { CO } _ { 2 } -$
I $\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad$ II $\quad\quad\quad\quad$ III

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) None of the above

Question 12

Which is not an acceptable Lewis structure for the anion CH₂NCO^-?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV

Question 13

Which of the following molecules has nonpolar covalent bonds?

A) HCl
B) N₂
C) CHCl₃
D) NO

Question 14

Which of the following statements about valence electrons is true?

A) They are the most tightly held electrons.
B) They do not participate in chemical reactions.
C) They are the outermost electrons.
D) They reveal the period number of a second-row element.

Question 15

How many constitutional isomers are there for a molecule having the molecular formula C₂H₆O?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 16

Arrange the following bonds in decreasing order of ionic character, putting the most ionic first. $$\begin{array} { c c c c } \text { C-C } & \text { C-N } & \text { C-O } & \text { Na-O } \\\text { I } & \text { II } & \text { III } & \text { IV }\end{array}$$

A) I > II > III > IV
B) IV > II > I > III
C) IV > III > II > I
D) IV > II > III > I

Question 17

What is the formal charge of carbon in carbon monoxide (CO) when drawn with a triple bond?

A) 0
B) -2
C) -1
D) +1

Question 18

Which of the following molecules contain both covalent and ionic bonds? $$\begin{array} { c c c c } \mathrm { NaCl } & \mathrm { NH } _ { 4 } \mathrm { OH } & \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \mathrm { OH } & \mathrm { MgCO } _ { 3 } \\\text { I } & \text { II } & \text { III } & \text { IV }\end{array}$$

A) I, II
B) I, IV
C) II, III
D) II, IV

Question 19

What is the ground-state electronic configuration of a magnesium cation (Mg²⁺)?

A) 1s², 2s², 2p⁶
B) 1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s¹
C) 1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s²
D) 1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s², 3p²

Question 20

What is the ground-state electronic configuration of a chlorine anion (Cl^-)?

A) 1s², 2s², 2p⁶
B) 1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s², 3p⁶
C) 1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s², 3p⁵
D) 1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s², 3p⁴

Question 21

Which of the following is a resonance structure of the compound below?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV

Question 22

How many constitutional isomers are there for a molecule having the molecular C₃H₈O?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 23

How many different isomers are there for a compound having the molecular formula C₃H₆O?

A) 4
B) 5
C) 6
D) 7

Question 24

Determine the electron geometry around the indicated atom in each species.

A) I = Linear; II = tetrahedral; III = trigonal planar; IV = tetrahedral
B) I = Linear; II = tetrahedral; III = trigonal planar; IV = linear
C) I = Trigonal planar; II = linear; III = tetrahedral; IV = trigonal planar
D) I = Tetrahedral; II = trigonal planar; III = linear; IV = tetrahedral

Question 25

What is the approximate H-C-O bond angle in formaldehyde, H₂CO?

A) 90°
B) 109.5°
C) 120°
D) 180°

Question 26

What is the approximate bond angle for the C-C-N bond in acetonitrile, CH₃CN?

A) 90°
B) 109.5°
C) 120°
D) 180°

Question 27

Follow the curved arrows to draw the second resonance structure for the ion below.

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV

Question 28

How many constitutional isomers are there for a molecule having the molecular formula C₂H₄Cl₂?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 29

What is the approximate C-C-C bond angle in propene, CH₃CH=CH₂?

A) 90°
B) 109.5°
C) 120°
D) 180°

Question 30

Which is more important in each pair of contributing resonance structures?

A) II, IV, V
B) II, III, V
C) II, III, VI
D) I, IV, V

Question 31

Which of the following molecules are constitutional isomers? $$\begin{array} { c c c c } \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \mathrm { CH } _ { 2 } \mathrm { CH } _ { 2 } \mathrm { OH } & \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \mathrm { CH } ( \mathrm { OH } ) \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } & \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \mathrm { CH } _ { 2 } \mathrm { OCH } _ { 3 } & \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \mathrm { COCH } _ { 3 } \\\text { I } & \text { II } & \text { III } & \text { IV }\end{array}$$

A) I, II, IV
B) II, III, IV
C) I, III, IV
D) I, II, III

Question 32

Rank the following in order of decreasing importance as contributing structures to the resonance hybrid of formaldehyde, H₂CO.

A) I > II > III
B) I > III > II
C) II > I > III
D) III > II > I

Question 33

Which of the following resonance structures is the least important contributor to the resonance hybrid of the formate anion, HCOO^-?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV

Question 34

Which of the following pair does not represent resonance structures?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV

Question 35

What 2 things will change between two resonance structures?

A) The position of multiple bonds and non-bonded electrons.
B) The position of multiple bonds and single bonds.
C) The placement of atoms and single bonds.
D) The placement of atoms and non-bonded electrons.

Question 36

How many constitutional isomers are there for a molecule having the molecular formula C₃H₆?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 37

Which of the following statements about resonance structures is not true?

A) There is no movement of electrons from one form to another.
B) Resonance structures are not isomers.
C) Resonance structures differ only in the arrangement of electrons.
D) Resonance structures are in equilibrium with each other.

Question 38

Which of the following compounds has an atom with an unfilled valence shell of electrons?

A) H₂O
B) BCl₃
C) CH₄
D) CO₂

Question 39

What is the approximate value of the H-C-H bond angle in methane, CH₄?

A) 90°
B) 109.5°
C) 120°
D) 180°

Question 40

Which of the following statements about resonance structures is true?

A) Resonance structures have the same placement of electrons but different arrangement of atoms.
B) Resonance structures have the same placement of atoms but different arrangement of electrons.
C) Resonance structures have the same placement of atoms and the same arrangement of electrons.
D) Resonance structures have different placement of atoms and different arrangement of electrons.

Question 41

Convert the following skeletal structure to a condensed structure.

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV

Question 42

Avobenzone is an active ingredient in some common sunscreens. Which of the following is the correct molecular formula for avobenzone?

A) C₂₂O₂₂O₃
B) C₂₀H₂₂O₃
C) C₂₁H₂₃O₃
D) C₂₀H₂₄O₃

Question 43

What is the hybridization for each of the indicated atoms in the following compound?

A) I = sp²; II = sp²; III = sp².
B) I = sp²; II = sp³; III = sp³.
C) I = sp; II = sp²; III = sp³.
D) I = sp²; II = sp²; III = sp³.

Question 44

Which atomic orbitals overlap to form the C-H  bonding molecular orbitals of ethane, CH₃CH₃?

A) Csp² + H1s
B) Csp³ + H1s
C) C2p + H1s
D) Csp + H1s

Question 45

In which structure is the hybridization incorrect?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV

Question 46

Which of the following is the appropriate conversion of (CH₃)₄C to a skeletal structure?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV

Question 47

Which of the following is the appropriate conversion of the condensed structure, CH₃COCH₃, to a Lewis structure?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV

Question 48

Which of the following is the appropriate conversion of (CH₃)₂CHCH₂CHClCH₃ to a skeletal structure?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV

Question 49

What is the order of decreasing bond length for a C-C bond comprised of the following molecular orbitals? $$\begin{array} { c c c } s p ^ { 3 } - s p ^ { 3 } & s p ^ { 2 } - s p ^ { 2 } & s p - s p \\\text { I } & \text { II } & \text { III }\end{array}$$

A) I > III > II
B) I > II > III
C) III > II > I
D) II > III > I

Question 50

Which of the following statements about electronegativity and the periodic table is true?

A) Electronegativity decreases across a row of the periodic table.
B) Electronegativity increases down a column of the periodic table.
C) Electronegativity increases across a row of the periodic table.
D) Electronegativity does not change down a column of the periodic table.

Question 51

Which atomic orbitals overlap to form the carbon-carbon  and  bonding molecular orbitals of ethylene, H₂C=CH₂?

A) Csp³ + Csp³, and C2p + C2p
B) Csp³ + Csp³, and Csp² + Csp²
C) Csp² + Csp², and C2p + C2p
D) Csp² + Csp², and Csp² + Csp²

Question 52

Which atomic orbitals overlap to form the carbon-carbon  bonding molecular orbital of acetylene, C₂H₂?

A) Csp² + Csp²
B) Csp + Csp
C) Csp³ + Csp³
D) C2p + C2p

Question 53

What is the hybridization of the nitrogen atom in the ammonium cation, NH₄⁺?

A) sp³
B) sp²
C) sp
D) p

Question 54

What is the condensed formula of the compound below?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV

Question 55

Rank the following atoms in order of increasing electronegativity, putting the least electronegative first. $$\begin{array} { c c c c } \mathrm { S } & \mathrm { Cl } & \mathrm { F } & \mathrm { N } \\\text { I } & \text { II } & \text { III } & \text { IV }\end{array}$$

A) I < II < III < IV
B) I < IV < II < III
C) III < II < IV < I
D) I < II < IV < III

Question 56

What is the hybridization of the carbon atom in the methyl cation, (CH₃⁺)?

A) sp³
B) sp²
C) sp
D) p

Question 57

Which atomic orbitals overlap to form the C-H  bonding molecular orbitals of ethylene, H₂C=CH₂?

A) C2p + H1s
B) Csp + H1s
C) Csp³ + H1s
D) Csp² + H1s

Question 58

Which of the following is the appropriate conversion of (CH₃)₂CHOCH₂CH₂CH₂OH to a skeletal structure?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV

Question 59

When forming molecular orbitals from atomic orbitals, what is the order of increasing C-H bond strength for the following.

A) II < I < III
B) III < I < II
C) III < II < I
D) I < II < III

Question 60

Which atomic orbitals overlap to form the C-H  bonding molecular orbitals of acetylene, C₂H₂?

A) Csp + H1s
B) C2p +H1s
C) Csp³ + H1s
D) Csp² + H1s

Question 61

Which molecule has the greatest difference in electronegativity (E) between the two different elements?

A) CO₂
B) H₂S
C) NH₃
D) H₂O

Question 62

Which of the following molecules has non-polar covalent bonds?

A) CO₂
B) N₂
C) CCl₄
D) HF

Question 63

Which of the following molecules has the smallest dipole moment?

A) CO₂
B) HCl
C) H₂O
D) NH₃

Question 64

Which of the following compounds are non-polar? $$\begin{array} { c c c c } \mathrm { CO } _ { 2 } & \mathrm { NH } _ { 3 } & \mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \mathrm { O } & \mathrm { BCl } _ { 3 } \\\text { I } & \text { II } & \text { III } & \text { IV }\end{array}$$

A) I, IV
B) I, II
C) II, III
D) II, IV

Question 65

Which of the following covalent bonds has the largest dipole moment?

A) C-H
B) C-C
C) C-O
D) H-F

Question 66

Which of the following molecules does not have a net dipole moment of zero?

A) CCl₄
B) BF₃
C) CO₂
D) NH₃

Question 67

Which of the following molecules has a net dipole moment of zero?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV

Question 68

Which compound contains the most polar bond? $\mathrm { CH } _ { 3 }$ $\begin{array} { c c } \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \mathrm { OH } & \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \mathrm { Cl } \end{array}$$\mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \mathrm { NH } _ { 2 }$
I $\quad\quad\quad\quad$ II $\quad\quad\quad$ III $\quad\quad\quad$ IV

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV

Question 69

Which of the following molecules has polar covalent bonds?

A) MgO
B) NH₃
C) Cl₂
D) NaBr

Question 70

Rank the following atoms in order of decreasing electronegativity, putting the most electronegative first. $$\begin{array} { l l l l } \mathrm { Si } & \mathrm { N } & \text { O } & \text { C } \\\text { I } & \text { II } & \text { III } & \text { IV }\end{array}$$

A) I > IV > II > III
B) II > III > IV > I
C) III > IV > II > I
D) III > II > IV > I