Deck 13: Problems and Resilience

Question 1

percentage of American adolescents tried Ecstasy?

A) 3%
B) 8%
C) 11%
D) 22%

Answer 1

B
8%

Question 2

assessment done by the school psychologist refers to Kris as "undercontrolled." Based upon research, which of the following predictions is most likely accurate? Kris likely

A) comes from a family with little parental control.
B) is an only child with only one parent.
C) is a fraternal twin brother.
D) is a late-maturing girl who is just beginning high school.

Answer 2

A
comes from a family with little parental control

Question 3

Young people with externalizing problems are sometimes referred to as

A) overcontrolled.
B) unsocialized.
C) oversocialized.
D) undercontrolled.

Answer 3

D
undercontrolled

Question 4

the United States, the leading cause of death among people aged 16 to 24 is

A) violent crimes.
B) AIDS.
C) automobile accidents.
D) eating disorders.

Question 5

According to research highlighted in the text, which of the following has NOT been identified as a factor contributing to high automobile accident rates amongst young Americans? Young drivers are

A) less likely than adults to wear seatbelts.
B) more likely than adults to drive at excessive speeds.
C) more likely than adults to report driving under the influence of alcohol.
D) less likely than adults to have a cell phone for emergency calls.

Question 6

Based on research, it could be predicted that Mika is approximately what age?

A) 9-12
B) 13-19
C) 19-24
D) 25-30

Question 7

Which of the following is the best possible explanation for Cade's behavior change?

A) Increased propensity and opportunity
B) Acquiring full license
C) Socialized delinquents
D) Increased protective factor

Question 8

Young people with internalizing disorders are sometimes referred to as

A) undercontrolled.
B) overcontrolled.
C) unsocialized.
D) oversocialized.

Question 9

the late 1970s to the early 1990s, adolescent substance use generally

A) increased.
B) declined.
C) stayed about the same.
D) increased in terms of marijuana use, but declined in terms of alcohol use.

Question 10

Which of the following approaches to reducing traffic accidents and fatalities is best described in this scenario?

A) Graduated licensing
B) Driver education
C) Zero tolerance
D) Parental monitoring

Question 11

factor that may contribute to the failure of driver education programs to reduce accidents is that they

A) often employs a graduated licensing approach.
B) is often taught by instructors who are emerging adults.
C) is more often offered to young males than females.
D) enables adolescents to obtain a driver's license more quickly.

Question 12

Which of the following is a common characteristic of people considered to be "overcontrolled"?

A) Calm and relaxed
B) Extremely lazy
C) Overly self-punishing
D) Above average intelligence

Question 13

Scholars distinguish between two types of problems for young people:

A) internalizing and externalizing.
B) male and female.
C) depression and aggression.
D) "in control" and "out of control."

Question 14

According to the text, approximately what percentage of American high school seniors reported smoking cigarettes at least once in the past month?

A) 15%
B) 20%
C) 35%
D) 50%

Question 15

Western countries other than the United States, a higher minimum driving age and less access to automobiles is associated with

A) fewer car accidents and fatalities among young people.
B) higher unemployment rates due to lack of transportation.
C) more car accidents and fatalities among young people.
D) a decreased rate of other externalizing problems amongst adolescents.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT considered an internalizing disorder?

A) Depression
B) Substance use
C) Eating disorder
D) Anxiety

Question 17

Which of the following best describes substance use among American adolescents?

A) Most smoke cigarettes at least once, but never use alcohol.
B) All substance use is uncommon among American adolescents.
C) Other than alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana, substance use is uncommon.
D) A large proportion of adolescents experiment with substances such as amphetamines, cocaine, and Ecstasy.

Question 18

Which of the following characteristics is most likely associated with young males' involvement in automobile crashes?

A) Internalizing and externalizing problems
B) Anxiety and depression
C) Sensation seeking and aggressiveness
D) Identity diffusion and passive aggressiveness

Question 19

Based on research, it could be predicted that Caddy is more likely to ___________________ than other adolescents.

A) have an anxiety disorder
B) engage in aggressive behavior
C) excel in academics
D) excel in sports

Question 20

Which of the following age groups has the highest rate of automobile accidents, fatalities and injuries?

A) 16-24
B) 24-30
C) 30-50
D) 65-80

Question 21

is the term used to define substances that adolescents may try before they may go on to try "harder" substances?

A) Gateway drugs
B) Safeway drugs
C) Waystation drugs
D) Weightgain drugs

Question 22

According to research, which group of people commits the great majority of crimes?

A) Males, ages 12-24
B) Females, ages 18-25
C) Males, ages 25-35
D) Males and females, ages 25-35

Question 23

Which of the following sequences is most accurate in terms of substance use through adolescence and emerging adulthood?

A) Beer and wine; cigarettes and hard liquor; marijuana; "hard" drugs.
B) Cigarettes and hard liquor; beer and wine; marijuana; "hard" drugs.
C) Marijuana; cigarettes and hard liquor; beer and wine; "hard" drugs.
D) Cigarettes and beer; wine and hard liquor; marijuana; "hard" drugs.

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT described in the textbook as one of the purposes for which young people use substances?

A) Experimental reasons
B) Social experiences
C) Medicinal purposes
D) Peer acceptance

Question 25

According to the law of the majority of states, juvenile is defined as a person under the age of

A) 14.
B) 16.
C) 18.
D) 21.

Question 26

Vanessa most likely defines herself as

A) slide-rule.
B) straight-edge.
C) unpopular.
D) goody-goody.

Question 27

Terrie Moffitt's (1993, 2003) provocative theory proposes a distinction between two types of delinquency:

A) male and female.
B) urban and rural.
C) hedonistic-social and poverty-needs-based.
D) adolescence-limited and life-course-persistent.

Question 28

Efforts to prevent or reduce substance use among adolescents have generally been delivered through

A) community centers.
B) church organizations.
C) correctional facilities.
D) schools.

Question 29

Which of the following best explains the ineffectiveness of some delinquency prevention programs from the perspective of adolescent participants and programmers respectively?

A) "I don't want to be there," and "We should have caught the problem earlier."
B) "There are too many boys there," and "We should wait until they are more mature."
C) "There are too many girls there," and "We should wait until they are more mature."
D) "I don't want to be there," and "Programs should be centered in urban areas."

Question 30

delinquency prevention interventions have been found to increase delinquency because they

A) teach specific techniques for certain crimes.
B) bring high-risk adolescents together to form a clique.
C) are facilitated by teachers who are "out of touch."
D) are attended only by adolescent-limited delinquents.

Question 31

Leaving home without parental or guardian consent is considered a(n)

A) status offense.
B) index offense.
C) nonindex crime.
D) property crime.

Question 32

Violations of the law committed by juveniles are referred to as acts of

A) propensity.
B) opportunity.
C) delinquency.
D) transgression.

Question 33

According to research by Windle et al (2005), which of the following groups of adolescents were found to be the most psychologically healthy?

A) Frequent substance users
B) Experimental substance users
C) Addictive users
D) Self-medicators

Question 34

According to Moffitt (1993, 2003), neuropsychological deficits are associated with which type of delinquency?

A) Life-course-persistent
B) Hedonistic-social
C) Adolescence-limited
D) Bio-psychological

Question 35

offense is considered a(n)

A) status offense.
B) index crime.
C) nonindex crime.
D) violent crime.

Question 36

Surveys indicate that approximately ______ of all adolescents commit at least one criminal offense before age 20.

A) 5%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%

Question 37

general, which of the following best describes the overall pattern for substance use from ages 18 through 45? Substance use

A) steadily increases.
B) peaks in the early 20s.
C) steadily decreases.
D) declines in the late 30s.

Question 38

successful approach to delinquency prevention is the ____________________ approach.

A) contextual
B) just say no
C) scared straight
D) multisystemic

Question 39

During her youth, Shara's behavior could best be described as

A) suburban diaspora.
B) adolescent-limited delinquency.
C) life-course-persistent delinquency.
D) adolescent egocentrism.

Question 40

Which of the following purposes best describes Gil's substance use?

A) Experimental
B) Social
C) Medicinal
D) Addictive

Question 41

fact that poor school achievement may represent a wide range of other problems makes it an especially _______________ predictor of risk behavior in adolescence.

A) unreliable
B) weak
C) strong
D) sensational

Question 42

Which of the following individual factors is found to be related to risk-taking behavior?

A) Passiveness
B) High intelligence
C) Low self-esteem
D) Aggressiveness

Question 43

Gluecks' longitudinal research found that the key to delinquency lay in an interaction between

A) constitutional factors and family environments.
B) age and gender.
C) intelligence and school environments.
D) heredity and peer socialization.

Question 44

most serious form of depression is

A) major depressive disorder.
B) depressive syndrome.
C) greater dysthymia.
D) large depressed mood.

Question 45

Rates of smoking are particularly high among young people in

A) Mexico and South America.
B) South Asia.
C) Eastern and southern Europe.
D) Northern Europe.

Question 46

criticism of the Gluecks' longitudinal research on delinquency is that the researchers were

A) not blind to participants' delinquent status.
B) unaware of participants' delinquent status.
C) approximately the same age as the participants.
D) teachers in the schools the participants attended.

Question 47

African American adolescents are more likely than White adolescents to be arrested reflects

A) higher religiosity among Whites.
B) lower SES among African Americans.
C) genetic predisposition to certain risk behaviors.
D) cultural differences in the acceptability of crime.

Question 48

Which of the following is most likely to commit a crime alone?

A) Socialized delinquent
B) Juvenile delinquent
C) Unsocialized delinquent
D) Adolescence-limited-delinquent

Question 49

good relationship between an adolescent and a parent or caring adult can potentially

A) make risk behavior less likely for the adolescent.
B) increase the risk of substance use.
C) create lenient parent behaviors.
D) reduce parental monitoring.

Question 50

interaction of heredity and environment is particularly well-established with respect to

A) depression.
B) risky driving.
C) eating disorders.
D) substance use.

Question 51

idea that religious participation may make it less likely that an adolescent take part in risk behavior best refers to

A) adolescence-limited-delinquency.
B) labeling theory.
C) parental monitoring.
D) protective factor.

Question 52

Higher rates of violent crime in the United States than in other Western countries appear to be due in part to

A) more expensive automobiles.
B) more conservative religious beliefs.
C) higher rates of poverty.
D) stricter gun control.

Question 53

Add Health study found that risk behavior was significantly related to

A) family structure.
B) socioeconomic status.
C) ethnic background.
D) all of these answers are correct.

Question 54

sense of neighborhood identity and cohesion tends to

A) increase gang activity.
B) limit school ethos.
C) reduce parental monitoring.
D) discourage delinquency.

Question 55

Which of the following parenting styles is associated with less risk behavior in adolescents?

A) Permissive
B) Disengaged
C) Authoritarian
D) Authoritative

Question 56

Which of the following terms refers specifically to a biologically-based vulnerability?

A) Inclination
B) Amenorrhea
C) Diathesis
D) Ethos

Question 57

Which of the following best describes Westgate High School?

A) Favorable ethos
B) Low socioeconomic status.
C) Working class ideals
D) Hidden curriculum

Question 58

Based on research, it could be predicted that Joaquin has a(n)

A) increased likelihood of engaging in delinquent acts.
B) decreased likelihood of engaging in delinquent acts.
C) increased likelihood of becoming depressed.
D) decreased likelihood of becoming depressed.

Question 59

Which of the following is the most common form of internalizing problem in adolescence?

A) depressive disorder.
B) depressed mood.
C) anorexia nervosa.
D) claustrophobia.

Question 60

Temperament from birth is a key factor in the theory of

A) Gerald Patterson and colleagues.
B) Richard Jessor.
C) Joy Dryfoos and associates.
D) McCord and McCord.

Question 61

Adolescence is a time of increased risk for a wide range of problems.

Question 62

most likely

A) male.
B) female.
C) from a traditional culture.
D) from a Western culture.

Question 63

Recent research has shown that up to _____ of adolescent girls consider themselves overweight, even though less than ______ are medically overweight.

A) 20%; 5%
B) 60%; 15%
C) 75%; 20%
D) 75%; 50%

Question 64

___________ are about four times more likely to attempt suicide; ___________ are about four times more likely to kill themselves.

A) Males; males
B) Females; females
C) Females; males
D) Males; females

Question 65

Which of the following is a leading researcher in the area of resilience?

A) Piaget
B) Jessor
C) Masten
D) Sternberg

Question 66

development of anorexia in young females is related to

A) a general susceptibility to internalizing disorders.
B) substance use such as cigarette smoking and binge drinking.
C) the same factors involved in the development of bulimia.
D) all of these answers are correct.

Question 67

Amenorrhea -- a symptom often accompanying anorexia -- is the term for loss of

A) appetite.
B) body hair.
C) menstruation.
D) bone density.

Question 68

Research shows that adolescents who have taken driver education courses have lower involvement in automobile crashes.

Question 69

situation best illustrates

A) fatigue.
B) realistic perfectionism.
C) underlying physical illness.
D) cognitive distortion.

Question 70

reason that emerging adulthood has been proposed as a key period for the expression of resilience is because emerging adults

A) have not yet made the commitments that structure adult life.
B) are impervious to life changes.
C) are unable to leave unhealthy, high-risk family environments.
D) are too busy at work and school to experience stress.

Question 71

Which of the following provides evidence for a cultural basis of eating disorders? Eating disorders are

A) common in cultures with a slim female body ideal.
B) most common in social groups that emphasize slimness.
C) most common in females who are in adolescence and emerging adulthood.
D) all of these answers are correct.

Question 72

rate of automobile fatalities among young people is lower in the United States than in other Western countries.

Question 73

situation suggests

A) a neurological diathesis for depression.
B) authoritative parenting patterns.
C) a lack of parental monitoring.
D) neurosis triggered by puberty.

Question 74

Extreme fasting in females from the 16th through 19th centuries has been documented as

A) a religious rite.
B) a commercial spectacle.
C) disease prevention.
D) beauty enhancement.

Question 75

Because anorexia is eventually life threatening, the first step in recommended treatment is usually

A) hospital-based.
B) school-based.
C) family-centered.
D) group-oriented.

Question 76

Which of the following is a protective factor associated with resilience?

A) High intelligence
B) An adult mentor outside the family
C) Parents who balance care with control
D) All of these answers are correct

Question 77

According to recent research, what percentage of American adolescents have reported having had suicidal thoughts?

A) 9%
B) 17%
C) 24%
D) 31%

Question 78

Based upon research, it could be predicted that Quentin experiences little distress related to his behavior.

Question 79

Externalizing problems are more common among females than among males.

Question 80

cases of eating disorders have their onset during

A) early childhood.
B) middle adulthood.
C) adolescence and emerging adulthood.
D) no pattern has been evidenced.