Deck 11: Work

Question 1

According to Chapter 11, one benefit of globalization has been

A) making daily life easier in traditional cultures.
B) the increased wealth of industrialized nations.
C) creating a similar set of world beliefs.
D) all of these answers are correct.

Answer 1

A
making daily life easier in traditional cultures

Question 2

studies have shown positive findings between adolescent work and psychological functioning which includes

A) a more balanced personal fable.
B) strong adolescent egocentrism.
C) increased self-esteem.
D) better relationships with family members.

Answer 2

C
increased self-esteem

Question 3

Which statement most accurately represents the relationship between American schools and adolescent work?

A) Apprenticeships are the cornerstone to the adolescent work/school experience.
B) Work experiences are directly related to school curriculum.
C) Widespread mentoring programs in American schools create a smooth transition to adolescent work.
D) None of these answers are correct.

Answer 3

D
None of these answers are correct

Question 4

________________ America was similar to many current traditional cultures in terms of adolescent work.

A) Seventeenth century
B) Nineteenth century
C) Twentieth century
D) Twenty-first century

Question 5

According to the text, what was the first country in which industrialization took place and the first to use child and adolescent labor in industrial settings?

A) United States
B) Turkey
C) South Africa
D) Great Britain

Question 6

According to the text, adolescent girls in developing countries may become prostitutes in several ways which can include

A) kidnapped and taken to another country.
B) promised jobs in domestic service.
C) sold into prostitution by parents.
D) all of these answers are correct.

Question 7

conclusion would most likely be a part of your paper?

A) Farm service increased to over 70% in the 18th and 19th centuries.
B) The transition to industrialized labor is known as life cycle service.
C) In the 19th century, the proportion of the farming labor force declined to under 40%.
D) A large proportion of adolescent workers were unemployed in the 19th century.

Question 8

means that the rug is

A) not made with child labor.
B) an antique.
C) made by hand.
D) authentic Indian made.

Question 9

what age is Marilina likely to have the responsibility of taking care of her younger siblings?

A) 12 or 13 years old
B) 6 or 7 years old
C) 17 or 18 years old
D) 10 or 11 years old

Question 10

Gillian is typical of most adolescent girls, Gillian's first job is most likely

A) baby-sitting.
B) lawn mowing.
C) sales clerk.
D) restaurant hostess.

Question 11

Ocheling wants to get married he will first have to

A) get a tattoo.
B) wait until he is 20 years old.
C) kill an antelope.
D) wait until his father dies.

Question 12

According to research, the part-time work done by American adolescents

A) is strongly connected to their career paths.
B) rarely involves close partnerships with adult role models.
C) is usually in apprenticeships that connect to school curriculum.
D) increases a student's grade point average.

Question 13

is known as

A) credentialism.
B) debt bondage.
C) community service.
D) apprenticeship loan.

Question 14

Hunting, fishing, and farming are occupational pursuits most common in

A) Western cultures.
B) traditional cultures.
C) industrialized cultures.
D) Eastern cultures.

Question 15

traditional farming cultures, who is typically responsible for the livestock and farm land?

A) Mothers and daughters
B) Fathers and daughters
C) Mothers and sons
D) Fathers and sons

Question 16

According to the text, one disadvantage of increased globalization is

A) more competition among nations resulting in higher production.
B) lower wages in Western countries which affects unionized workers.
C) brutal working conditions in countries changing from a preindustrial to a global economy.
D) creating large debts in Eastern countries particularly after the fall of Communism.

Question 17

Which statement best characterizes "life cycle service"?

A) Adolescents moved out of parents' homes to become an apprentice.
B) Young people began to learn the trades of their parents.
C) Adolescents who were sold into slavery to feed their families.
D) Young people learning a trade by attending a vocational school.

Question 18

this we can conclude that Carl

A) may be more anxious than his classmates.
B) comes from a low income family.
C) has younger step-brothers and sisters.
D) gets more sleep than his friends.

Question 19

benefit do adolescents and their families in traditional cultures derive from adolescents working?

A) Improves basic necessities like food and clothing.
B) Creates an opportunity for families to travel and see loved ones.
C) Builds opportunities for younger siblings to work and earn.
D) There are no expressed benefits to the family only the working adolescent.

Question 20

implication that follows from American schools placing low demands on their students is that adolescents

A) have higher achievement scores.
B) often choose vocational careers by their mid-teens.
C) will eventually have lower paying jobs.
D) are able to hold part-time jobs.

Question 21

According to the text, one potential explanation for higher substance use among adolescents who work part-time while attending high school is that they abuse substances

A) for enjoyment.
B) as a stress reliever.
C) because of peer pressure.
D) all of these answers are correct.

Question 22

would Doug's job prospects likely compare to his father's job prospects in 1968?

A) Doug has a better chance of getting a good manufacturing job.
B) Doug's father had a better chance at a good manufacturing job.
C) Both Doug and his father have the same opportunity.
D) None of these answers are correct.

Question 23

According to research, what is likely to be Dennis's pattern of alcohol use in his early twenties?

A) Dennis will continue to have higher rates of alcohol use than girls his own age.
B) Dennis will drink less by his early twenties regardless of whether he attends college.
C) Dennis's alcohol use will be similar to emerging adults who worked less in high school.
D) There is no data to support a conclusion about Dennis's drinking or other social habits.

Question 24

According to research, working more than _________ hours a week is associated with a variety of types of problem behavior including vandalism, driving while intoxicated, and beating up someone.

A) 4
B) 8
C) 10
D) 20

Question 25

current study found that

A) their job prospects rose as the economy grew in the United States.
B) young people who don't attend college still face declining earnings.
C) high school graduates now have equal opportunities as two-year college grads.
D) there were no clear differences after 10 years of study.

Question 26

asked about the benefits of working, you would likely agree that _______________________ is one positive factor.

A) access to a mentor
B) connections to school
C) thinking about work during boring classes
D) gaining a sense of responsibility

Question 27

School-to-work and job-training programs tried thus far have

A) met with little or no success.
B) been adopted as a nationwide coordinated program.
C) only been implemented on a limited scale.
D) all of these answers are correct. .

Question 28

According to research, if Heather is living with her middle-class professional parents she is likely to spend her money

A) helping support her parents.
B) solely for her own enjoyment and leisure.
C) on food, rent, and utilities.
D) to save for college.

Question 29

According to the text, adolescents who become cynical about their part-time work are potentially justifying their

A) occupational deviance.
B) debt bondage.
C) community service.
D) retention rate.

Question 30

According to Murnane & Levy (2004), high schools are failing to connect to the new economy by not providing adolescents with what?

A) Volunteer Opportunities
B) Work Experience
C) Hot Lunches
D) Computer Skills

Question 31

Harjeet is a young girl facing decisions about jobs after high school graduation, which of Harjeet's skills would be considered helpful to her finding a good job? Being able to

A) collaborate in diverse groups.
B) read at a ninth-grade level or higher.
C) use a computer for word processing.
D) all of these answers are correct.

Question 32

According to the text, in contrast to adolescents who don't work, those who work more than 10 hours per week are more likely to

A) have more regular sleep patterns.
B) live in an urban center.
C) come from a single parent family.
D) use alcohol and smoke cigarettes.

Question 33

According to the text, in terms of research, "retention rate" refers to

A) the length of time a research participant was able to recall information.
B) the amount of information a participant is able to learn during an intervention study.
C) how long a person holds onto negative feelings while participating in a study.
D) the percentage of participants who continued in a longitudinal study after the first year.

Question 34

According to the text, at what age do most Western European adolescents enter an apprenticeship program if they have chosen that direction?

A) 13 years old
B) 16 years old
C) 18 years old
D) 21 years old

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT one of the six skills they specify?

A) Solving semi-structured problems
B) Doing math at a grade-nine level
C) Collaborating in pairs with persons of similar skills
D) Communicating orally and in writing

Question 36

According to research, what work factor is positively related to psychological well-being and self-esteem? A job that involves

A) learning new skills.
B) working 15 hours a week.
C) repetitive skills.
D) major amounts of overtime.

Question 37

Generally, adolescents view their part-time jobs as

A) apprenticeships to their school work.
B) the beginning of career development.
C) strongly connected to their postsecondary education.
D) none of these answers are correct.

Question 38

According to research conducted on Job Corps results over four years, researchers found

A) participants were more likely to be arrested.
B) higher unemployment rates after the program ended.
C) participants were more likely to earn a GED.
D) less motivation among non-participants to be gainfully employed.

Question 39

Samantha is typical of other high students, working more than 10 hours a week will affect her

A) sleep patterns.
B) eating habits.
C) level of exercise.
D) all of these answers are correct.

Question 40

percentage of American emerging adults attends college after graduating from high school? Approximately

A) 20%
B) 50%
C) 70%
D) 80%

Question 41

terms of occupational choice, what benefits do adolescents from preindustrial traditional cultures have?

A) Having the security of knowing from an early age the kind of work they will do as adults.
B) They have a wide range of choices with little gender bias.
C) Traditional cultures allow adolescents time to decide on their career choice.
D) Their individual talents are matched to their occupations.

Question 42

According to the text, what options does Renata have in terms of potential apprenticeship placements? Renata can choose placements

A) in the trades.
B) as a skilled laborer.
C) in professional positions.
D) all of these answers are correct.

Question 43

contrast to traditional cultures, adolescents in industrialized economies

A) have security from knowing that they will do what their father and grandfather did.
B) have to decide on an achievable career choice.
C) only have access to gender-specific career choices.
D) none of these answers are correct.

Question 44

According to sociologist William Julius Wilson (1996), what conclusion can we draw about the current system of local funding of schools? The current system

A) is centralized and equal between inner-city and suburban schools.
B) concentrates the most effective school programs in the inner-city areas.
C) perpetuates inequality because poor areas have a smaller tax base.
D) creates an inequality in favor of inner-city schools.

Question 45

According to the text, one implication that follows from the increase in technology in manufacturing is

A) higher wages for unskilled U.S. workers.
B) the decline of high-paying, low-skilled manufacturing jobs.
C) factories moving overseas or to the suburbs.
D) an increase in the urban tax base.

Question 46

According to research, if Susanna is typical of most girls her age she

A) is likely not to let her family aspirations interfere with her career choices.
B) is thinking she will have children before she begins her career.
C) realizes that motherhood may affect her career choices.
D) knows her husband will take a leave of absence to help raise their young children.

Question 47

According to Super's theory of occupational goals, what stage would Shelby be?

A) Crystallization
B) Consolidation
C) Implementation
D) Specification

Question 48

Vocational Interest Inventory used for matching a person with a prospective occupation was based on Holland's theory of personality? The

A) Jarvis-Selinger Inventory
B) Novak-Lauscher Inventory
C) Strong-Campbell Inventory
D) Woodcock-Johnson Inventory

Question 49

According to Holland's theory (1993) of personality, "conventional" personalities are best suited to be in occupations such as

A) bank tellers.
B) teachers.
C) truck drivers.
D) counselors.

Question 50

implication that follows from cultures where people are allowed to choose their occupation is that

A) unemployment is lower than in traditional cultures.
B) people have higher levels of depression associated with occupational choice.
C) individuals are able to judge how a job would be suited to their personality.
D) people are less likely to choose academic occupations.

Question 51

is the last stage of Super's (1992) theory of the development of occupational goals?

A) Implementation
B) Specification
C) Stabilization
D) Consolidation

Question 52

Research completed in the United States shows that ________________________ have lower educational attainment which leads to more difficulty in finding stable jobs.

A) African Americans
B) Latinos
C) Whites
D) Asian Americans

Question 53

likely conclusion your paper would draw is that

A) there is no relationship between culture and unemployment.
B) unemployment is highest among Asian Americans.
C) unemployment is especially high among African American teenagers.
D) the U.S. has higher unemployment when compared to most European countries.

Question 54

According to the text, which of the following illustrates gender socialization?

A) Teaching girls that math and science should not be male-dominated.
B) The developmental period when boys and girls learn about their own sexuality.
C) Learning that no job is either "male" or "female" but everything is based on talent.
D) None of these answers are correct.

Question 55

According to the text, technologically-driven changes in work are likely to

A) allow an increasing proportion of work to be done at home.
B) allow less flexibility in the workplace for both men and women.
C) increase women's second shift because of longer hours at their job.
D) allow men to be the primary caretaker of young children.

Question 56

According to Holland's personality theory, what "type" is Carl?

A) Intellectual
B) Social
C) Enterprising
D) Artistic

Question 57

contrast to high school graduates, adolescents who drop out before they graduate are more likely to be

A) underemployed.
B) unemployed.
C) employed.
D) none of these answers are correct.

Question 58

terms of research conducted on adolescent employment, if Rudyard is typical of most adolescents in Western Europe, we can conclude that

A) adolescent employment is non-existent in Rudyard's country.
B) Rudyard's work is in an apprenticeship program connected to his schooling.
C) in Rudyard's country, most adolescents attend school and work part-time.
D) none of these answers are correct.

Question 59

According to the text, who would NOT be considered unemployed?

A) A mother caring for her children
B) A full-time college student
C) A young man who is not looking for a job
D) All of these answers are correct

Question 60

According to research, which cultural group has the lowest educational attainment?

A) African Americans
B) Asian Americans
C) Latino Americans
D) White Americans

Question 61

According to research, when Jenny becomes a young adult, compared to others who have not volunteered she is

A) more likely to be politically active.
B) less likely to be politically active.
C) more likely to move out of Alabama.
D) more likely to stay in Alabama.

Question 62

way to decrease the exploitation of adolescent and child labor is to lower the
number of years children need to legally remain in school.

Question 63

United States leads all other countries in implementing and funding school-to-work programs.

Question 64

Researchers argue that good relationships with adults met in the workplace can be a protective factor for adolescents from stressful family situations.

Question 65

do the Peace Corps and AmeriCorps differ?

A) AmeriCorps sends volunteers abroad.
B) The Peace Corps is only open to volunteers who are over 25 years old.
C) AmeriCorps does not administer a volunteer program.
D) There is no difference between the Peace Corps and AmeriCorps.

Question 66

Gurjit is like most Peace Corps members, she would most likely respond,

A) "No, I'd never do that again."
B) "Yes, I would make the same decision to join."
C) "Maybe, but I wouldn't go to Africa again."
D) "No comment, and get that microphone out of my face."

Question 67

contrast to adolescents who don't volunteer, those who do tend to

A) live in a two-parent family.
B) have higher educational goals.
C) be an only child.
D) all of these answers are correct.

Question 68

is most likely to serve in the Peace Corp?

A) An only child
B) A recent university graduate
C) An adolescent from a single-parent family
D) An emerging adult from a traditional culture

Question 69

According to the text, approximately how many Peace Corps volunteers are currently serving?

A) 5,000
B) 9,000
C) 15,000
D) 178,000

Question 70

According to research, adolescents who work long hours in high school have lower rates of alcohol use than non-working adolescents.

Question 71

recent study reported that Americorps volunteers were higher than a comparison group on the following:

A) understanding community problems.
B) engagement in civic activities.
C) overall life satisfaction.
D) all of these answers are correct.

Question 72

According to the research, if Kendra is like most AmeriCorps volunteers, we can predict that she

A) will not be a volunteer in her adult life.
B) will continue on to the Peace Corps.
C) has significantly gained in all five "life skills areas."
D) will not be able to afford to attend college after AmeriCorps.

Question 73

Research has concluded that close to half of all 17-year-olds in the United States cannot read or do math at a grade-9 level.

Question 74

According to research, what factor in Julie's life is most likely to predict the fact that Julie engages in community service? The fact that

A) she lives with both her mom and dad.
B) she is 15 years old.
C) her father is a professional.
D) her mother volunteers.

Question 75

"requires a personal investment in which the action of helping others becomes part of one's identity and thus is understood and articulated in terms of what makes one feel good." This statement describes

A) community service.
B) apprenticeships.
C) occupational deviance.
D) international labor regulations.

Question 76

According to research, approximately how many adolescents participate in community service at least once a year?

A) One-third
B) Two-thirds
C) One-half
D) Three-quarters

Question 77

According to research, Georgia's chances of securing a well-paid job are low because

A) most jobs are being created in the suburbs.
B) she does not own a car.
C) she is less likely to have access to many personal contacts for jobs.
D) all of these answers are correct.

Question 78

recent veterans, military service has been found to

A) increase self-confidence and leadership skills.
B) broaden emerging adults intellectually.
C) contribute to alcohol abuse.
D) negatively impact future career choice.

Question 79

implication that follows from adolescent community service is that, in contrast to adolescents who don't volunteer, those who do are

A) less likely to be politically active.
B) more likely to become cynical about what volunteering can accomplish.
C) less likely to be reflective on their lives.
D) more likely to be conscious of themselves as citizens.

Question 80

majority of jobs held by American adolescents in high school involve restaurant work.