Deck 12: Media

Question 1

Which of the following groups is the primary target audience for action films?

A) Males in middle adulthood
B) Males in adolescence and emerging adulthood
C) Males and females in emerging adulthood
D) Males and females in adolescence

Answer 1

B
Males in adolescence and emerging adulthood

Question 2

of the existing research on media has focused on its

A) effects on the consumer.
B) production and distribution.
C) technological features.
D) availability and cost.

Answer 2

A
effects on the consumer

Question 3

Which of the following uses of media is best represented in this scenario?

A) Sensation seeking
B) Coping
C) Identity formation
D) Entertainment

Answer 3

C
Identity formation

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT an example of a qualitative research method?

A) Adolescents take researchers on "tours" of their bedrooms.
B) High school students interview each other about media use.
C) Adolescents keep daily journals about gender stereotypes in media.
D) Students answer questionnaires about the frequency and type of media use.

Question 5

hope I'm like her when I'm that age." Which of the following uses of media is best represented in this scenario?

A) Coping
B) Entertainment
C) Identity formation
D) Sensation seeking

Question 6

uses and gratification approach emphasizes that consumers

A) tend to blindly follow media trends.
B) are active participants in their use of media.
C) are highly critical of the media forms and content.
D) are easily influenced by media consumption.

Question 7

example best illustrates

A) Cultivation Theory
B) Sensation seeking approach
C) Uses and gratification approach
D) Social Learning Theory

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT specified as one of five common uses of media by adolescents?

A) Entertainment
B) Coping
C) Cognitive development
D) Identity formation

Question 9

extent to which a person enjoys novelty and intensity of sensation best describes the personality characteristic known as

A) sensation seeking.
B) sensationalism.
C) sensory stimulation.
D) sensuality.

Question 10

Which of the following media forms is the most used by adolescents and emerging adults?

A) Magazines
B) Music
C) Television
D) Computers

Question 11

best reflects the

A) uses and gratification approach.
B) negative effects of media.
C) impact of technology on adolescents.
D) displacement effect.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT one of the theories of media influence discussed in this chapter?

A) Uses and gratification approach
B) The Cognitive Developmental Approach
C) Social Learning Theory
D) Cultivation Theory

Question 13

Media are generally viewed as having potentially ______________ effects on adolescents.

A) positive
B) negative
C) minimal
D) ambivalent

Question 14

Which of the following most commonly represents an adolescent's use of media when he or she is "stressed out"? He or she will most likely

A) spend more time listening to music.
B) spend more time with friends and family.
C) spend less time listening to music or watching TV.
D) quit watching TV altogether.

Question 15

most important result of 20th century media, such as television and radio, was the creation of a new source of

A) gratification.
B) socialization.
C) cognitive development.
D) gender identification.

Question 16

Which of the following uses of media is best represented in this scenario?

A) Identity formation
B) Coping
C) Sensation seeking
D) Youth subculture identification

Question 17

Studies finding that heavier exposure to sexual content on TV is related to earlier initiation of sexual intercourse are guided by which of the following theoretical frameworks?

A) Cultivation Theory
B) Social Learning Theory
C) Uses and gratification approach
D) Sensation seeking approach

Question 18

situation best illustrates media use and

A) identity formation.
B) entertainment.
C) coping strategies.
D) displacement effect.

Question 19

the beginning of the chapter, the author uses the example of the Disney movie "The Program" to illustrate

A) the effects of globalization.
B) the lack of parental control.
C) the power of advertising.
D) the complexity of media influences on adolescents.

Question 20

According to research, if Nand is typical of adolescent heavy metal fans, which of the following may we predict is the most likely effect? After listening to the music for a while, Nand

A) calms down.
B) feels angrier.
C) writes a song.
D) withdraws.

Question 21

is difficult to make a clear link between viewing violent television and aggressive behavior in adolescents because most of the research is

A) outdated.
B) correlational.
C) Canadian.
D) experimental.

Question 22

According to research, a majority of adolescents' favorite computer games involve

A) sexual imagery.
B) team sports.
C) violence.
D) music.

Question 23

is second to ____________ as a topic of public concern with respect to the possible effects of media on adolescents.

A) eating disorders
B) suicide
C) violence
D) compulsive shopping

Question 24

According to a 1999 national survey, the highest percentage of adolescents reported that they "learn a lot from"

A) their mothers and fathers.
B) brothers and sisters.
C) books and newspapers
D) television and movies.

Question 25

famous longitudinal study linking aggression to the viewing of television violence was conducted by

A) Eron and Huesmann.
B) Brown and Steele.
C) Becker and Fagan.
D) Rogers and Coombs.

Question 26

Because most studies on adolescents and television violence are correlational, it is

A) pointless to study the possible causes of aggressive behavior.
B) not possible to prove from these studies that television causes aggressive behavior.
C) likely that television violence is not associated with aggressive behavior.
D) important not to restrict adolescents' television viewing.

Question 27

recent study of adolescents aged 11-15 found that adolescents' preference for violent video games was related to

A) aggression and bullying.
B) academic performance.
C) anxiety and depression.
D) authoritarian parenting.

Question 28

Around _______ percent of the programs analyzed contained sexual content.

A) 10
B) 25
C) 80
D) 100

Question 29

According to a 2002 study of the top 15 shows watched by American adolescents, it is more likely that an adolescent will view ______________ instead of intercourse (depicted or implied).

A) nudity
B) sexual risks
C) hugs and kisses
D) sexual responsibilities

Question 30

(1995) found that young men and women in popular television shows are often portrayed as having a _______________ attitude towards sex.

A) respectful
B) recreational
C) realistic
D) religious

Question 31

Mehrabian and Wixen (1986) found that aggressiveness and hostility were _________ after playing video games.

A) heightened
B) diminished
C) unchanged
D) reversed

Question 32

is difficult for parents to impose restrictions on adolescents' media consumption because

A) schools generally do not support parents' efforts to guide their children.
B) parents and adolescents spend a lot of time away from each other.
C) adolescents are less independent today than in earlier times.
D) the content of most media is not understood by adults.

Question 33

Adolescents have greater control over their socialization from media than they do over socialization from family or school because the media are

A) largely market-driven.
B) directed toward encouraging adolescents to be good citizens.
C) chosen by parents and other adults.
D) limited in scope.

Question 34

is a scenario from a(n)

A) popular computer game.
B) well-known heavy metal song.
C) recent action movie.
D) infamous underground comic book.

Question 35

society offering a tremendous diversity of media is most likely to be associated with which of the following values?

A) Conformity
B) Collectivism
C) Individualism
D) Gratification

Question 36

majority of research on media and violence has studied

A) infants.
B) adolescents.
C) preadolescent children.
D) emerging adults.

Question 37

study conducted in a Canadian community called "Notel" by the researchers revealed that aggressive behavior in children ______________ after television was introduced to a community.

A) remained the same
B) decreased
C) increased
D) virtually disappeared

Question 38

movies that most adolescents watch tend to have __________________________ portrayals of sexuality than television shows do.

A) less frequent, but more explicit
B) more frequent and more explicit
C) less frequent and less explicit
D) more frequent and less explicit

Question 39

Legal prohibition of music and lyrics that promote hate is not likely in the United States because of the

A) protection of free speech via the First Amendment.
B) media's ethical marketing practices.
C) lack of racism in industrialized countries.
D) widespread dislike of censorship among parents.

Question 40

of the research connecting media with the promotion of violence has focused on

A) television.
B) computer games.
C) music.
D) magazines.

Question 41

Approximately _____ of the television sets in the country tuned in.

A) 56%
B) 83%
C) 92%
D) 98%

Question 42

Advertising cigarettes in television and radio has been illegal in the US since

A) 1956.
B) 1971.
C) 1989.
D) 2000.

Question 43

"gangsta" rap is criticized for

A) sexual exploitation of women.
B) racism.
C) violence.
D) all of these answers are correct.

Question 44

defenders of "gangsta rap" argue that the violent lyrics reflect

A) comical depictions of police and other authority figures.
B) grim realities of inner-city life for Black American youth.
C) the wasteland that is popular music.
D) the stereotype of young Black men as criminals.

Question 45

words of William Congreve (1697), "Music has charms to soothe a savage breast," best reflect

A) the potential cathartic effect of music.
B) sexual imagery embedded in lyrics.
C) difficulties making a living as a musician.
D) it is virtually impossible for negative effects to come from music.

Question 46

Cindy is an adolescent in the 1920s, if her parents are worried that the music she is listening to will promote promiscuity, what type of music is she likely to be listening to?

A) Jazz
B) Rock
C) Classical
D) Alternative

Question 47

According to research by Arnett (1991, 1996) heavy metal fans tend to be

A) alienated from mainstream society.
B) pessimistic about humankind.
C) more reckless than other adolescents.
D) all of these answers are correct.

Question 48

Elvis's career got its initial boost through what form of media?

A) Radio
B) Television
C) Newspaper
D) Movies

Question 49

Heavy metal fans interviewed by Arnett (1991, 1996), reported that listening to heavy metal tends to

A) make them angry.
B) make them anxious.
C) calm them down.
D) cause boredom.

Question 50

Based on research, what effect could we predict this to have? Jarrett

A) freaks out and punches a hole in his bedroom wall.
B) listens to the songs and eventually calms down.
C) stays in his room and is very depressed.
D) gets in a fight with his brother.

Question 51

Department of Health and Human Services statistics, what percentage of smokers begin smoking by age 18?

A) 25
B) 50
C) 70
D) 90

Question 52

According to the text, the most controversial form of advertising in relation to adolescents has been ________ advertising.

A) alcohol
B) cigarette
C) condom
D) cosmetics

Question 53

These are examples of

A) product placement.
B) billboarding.
C) guerilla marketing.
D) free advertising.

Question 54

major criticism of cigarette advertising is that it is

A) too sexy.
B) targeted toward the middle class.
C) targeted toward adolescents.
D) all of these answers are correct.

Question 55

criticism of heavy metal music generally focuses on issues of

A) sex and drugs.
B) racism and violence.
C) suicide and violence.
D) all of these answers are correct.

Question 56

According to a recent Dutch study, boys who watched sexually explicit online movies were more likely than other boys to view women as

A) mother figures.
B) sex objects.
C) equals.
D) all of these answers are correct.

Question 57

genre of music is this group likely to fall under?

A) Rap
B) Rock
C) Heavy Metal
D) Alternative

Question 58

"Joe Camel" campaign provides evidence of how targeted advertising impacts adolescents'

A) cigarette brand choice.
B) age one begins smoking.
C) attitudes toward parents.
D) none of these answers are correct.

Question 59

type of music was criticized in the 1920s for promoting promiscuity and alcohol use?

A) Classical
B) Jazz
C) Rock
D) Alternative

Question 60

According to recent research cited in the text, approximately _____ of adolescents have access to computers both at home and at school.

A) 25%
B) 50%
C) 75%
D) 90%

Question 61

According to research, in which of the following areas were striking changes observed in Inuit adolescents' behavior after the introduction of television?

A) Romantic relationships and education
B) Education and competitive sports
C) Competitive sports and dancing
D) Romantic relationships and competitive sports

Question 62

digital divide is a concept which, according to recent research, is

A) diminishing for technology users.
B) increasing between African American and White families.
C) decreasing between adolescents and emerging adults.
D) increasing among socioeconomic classes in the majority culture.

Question 63

According to research, the majority of violent crimes are committed by young males.

Question 64

Cultivation theory argues that people will be more likely to imitate behaviors they see frequently performed by models who are rewarded or at least not punished.

Question 65

Marina mainly uses these sites to

A) check sports updates.
B) look at weather reports.
C) keep in touch with friends.
D) text her classmates.

Question 66

example of the Kathmandu rock band that recorded an original Nepali language album in the style of the Beatles best reflects which of the following?

A) The combination of local culture with imported Western styles.
B) The Nepalese peoples' historical affinity with the United Kingdom.
C) A rejection of Western culture by traditional musicians.
D) A means used by Nepalese youth to make sense of their lives.

Question 67

text suggests that in developing countries, adolescents may look to Western media for information about

A) potential changes in their society.
B) local dating and marriage practices.
C) cultural traditions.
D) how to resist globalization.

Question 68

national survey in the United States found how many adolescents have created their own blog?

A) Less than 10%
B) About 30%
C) Approximately 50%
D) About 75%

Question 69

scenario is most illustrative of which of the following concepts?

A) Adolescent egocentrism
B) Displacement effect
C) Globalization
D) Consumerism

Question 70

Adolescents tend to be higher in sensation seeking than adults.

Question 71

concern associated with adolescents' use of Internet chat rooms is the potential for

A) sexual victimization.
B) academic cheating.
C) social isolation.
D) all of these answers are correct.

Question 72

use of the English terms teen and teenager in Nepal refers to a(n) ________ category rather than an age category.

A) economic
B) gender
C) social
D) psychological

Question 73

Research has shown that there is no significant correlation between adolescents' aggressiveness and their preferences for watching violent television.

Question 74

According to research by Ward (1995), approximately 70% of interactions in television shows most popular with adolescents contained sex-related statements.

Question 75

Which of the following researchers conducted an ethnographic study of adolescents in Nepal?

A) Kinney
B) Mead
C) Liechty
D) Arnett

Question 76

situation best illustrates which of the following?

A) Narrower gender socialization for girls is reflected in differential gender access to media.
B) Basima's parents do not love her.
C) Basima's parents do not adhere to ideas of traditional gender socialization.
D) Basima's brother is atypically rebellious.

Question 77

Social networking websites like Facebook and MySpace were originally developed by

A) adolescents.
B) college students.
C) Microsoft employees.
D) none of these answers are correct.

Question 78

and his friends represent about 69% of adolescents in what country?

A) United States
B) Norway
C) Finland
D) Canada

Question 79

Internet is perhaps the greatest invention in human history for providing

A) sexual exploitation.
B) peace.
C) access to information.
D) direct communication.

Question 80

According to research, for Japanese adolescents who own cell phones, how many sent at least 10 text messages a day to their friends? Approximately

A) one-third.
B) half.
C) two-thirds.
D) three-quarters.