Deck 1: Introduction

Question 1

would you most likely be studying?

A) Philosophy and Greek art
B) Sports and music
C) Geography and history
D) Math and science

Answer 1

B
Sports and music

Question 2

Leanne would be considered

A) high SES.
B) middle class.
C) low SES.
D) spoiled.

Answer 2

A
high SES

Question 3

Which characteristic does NOT describe emerging adulthood?

A) Age of identity exploration
B) Age of stability
C) Self-focused age
D) Age of possibilities

Answer 3

B
Age of stability

Question 4

Social control institutions such as the YMCA "sprung up" in the 1800s as a response to

A) increased rates of social problems among young people.
B) the beginning of the child study movement.
C) increased individualism among youths.
D) growing urbanization.

Question 5

Children's Crusade in the Middle Ages was composed mostly of

A) children younger than 10.
B) mothers and infants.
C) young people in their teens.
D) emerging adults.

Question 6

would be considered in a stage of

A) storm and stress.
B) exploration.
C) individualism.
D) adolescence.

Question 7

of the important changes in Western countries, which began to define the "Age of Adolescence," was

A) restrictive child labor laws.
B) the advent of social control agencies.
C) the teachings of Plato and Aristotle.
D) increasing industrialization.

Question 8

Phoenix would be

A) choosing a random sample.
B) circumventing the proper protocol.
C) stratifying the sample.
D) doing a qualitative research study.

Question 9

Faded during the 18th and 19th centuries because

A) individualism was on the rise.
B) the plague killed most eligible workers.
C) people were having fewer children.
D) the economy became more industrialized.

Question 10

Stanley Hall defined adolescence, he felt it applied to young people aged

A) 5-15.
B) 10-18.
C) 14-24.
D) 14-30.

Question 11

Stanley Hall is credited as the initiator of the

A) inventionist movement.
B) child labor laws.
C) social control agencies.
D) child study movement.

Question 12

most likely would be

A) going to secondary school.
B) attending college.
C) working in a coal mine, factory, or farm.
D) raising a family.

Question 13

Which statement best characterizes the main difference between adolescence and emerging adulthood?

A) Adolescents are more independent of their families.
B) Emerging adults are prone to flights of fancy.
C) Adolescents are more likely to be in long-term relationships.
D) Emerging adults are more independent of their parents.

Question 14

conducting survey research, why would one need to make sure the sample is "stratified"?

A) Because random sampling is problematic
B) To correspond properly to ethnographic research
C) As a symbol of quantitative investigations
D) To fairly represent the population of interest

Question 15

requirements for children to attend secondary school were crucial in establishing the characteristics of

A) child labor laws.
B) life-cycle service.
C) modern adolescence.
D) emerging adulthood.

Question 16

refer to these countries as

A) developing.
B) the West.
C) individualized.
D) majority cultures.

Question 17

Socioeconomic status refers to a person's

A) social class.
B) geographical area.
C) economies of scale.
D) majority culture.

Question 18

Plato, Aristotle, and Saint Augustine all described adolescence as a period that focuses on the struggle between

A) reason and passion.
B) math and science.
C) storm and stress.
D) individualism and globalization.

Question 19

the 1800s, an increase in social problems among young people may have been due in part to

A) moving to the cities with no family ties.
B) the advent of social agencies such as the YWCA.
C) a decrease in school attendance.
D) an increase in agricultural industry.

Question 20

According to the modern conception of adolescence, Helen would be considered

A) a child.
B) an early adolescent.
C) a young person.
D) an emerging adult.

Question 21

asked about his hopes and expectations for the future, Steve, a 22-year-old American man, would MOST likely agree with the statement

A) "I am very sure that someday I will get to where I want in life."
B) "My education will directly impact whether I will work in a dreary, dead-end job."
C) "Knowing 50% of marriages end in divorce, I'm not sure I will have a happy marriage."
D) "I am sure that I will be married by the time I'm 28 years old."

Question 22

Emerging adulthood only exists in cultures where young people are allowed to

A) postpone entering adult roles.
B) date beginning in early adolescence.
C) drink alcohol.
D) attend college for free.

Question 23

would Eva (a young emerging adult from Argentina) differ in her criteria for adulthood from either Adrian (a young American), Mara (an Israeli girl), or Twan (a young South Korean boy)? Unlike the others, Eva knows

A) accepting responsibility is key to adulthood.
B) that being able to support a family financially is important.
C) completing military service is an important sign of adulthood.
D) when she becomes an adult she will support her parents financially.

Question 24

Which statement best reflects conclusions about traditional cultures based on anthropologists' observations? A person is considered an adult

A) when old enough to vote.
B) after marriage.
C) with the development of self-control.
D) after finishing college.

Question 25

According to the text, which statement BEST characterizes emerging adulthood as the age of possibilities?

A) This timeframe is viewed as beginning with the first noticeable changes of puberty.
B) One feature of this age is emerging adults' reliance on parents' decisions.
C) Typically emerging adults have left their families but not committed to new relationships.
D) Most emerging adults face dreary, dead-end jobs, bitter divorces, and disappointment.

Question 26

William's definition of adulthood best reflects the

A) inexperience of youth.
B) legacy of the industrial revolution.
C) interdependent values of Western society.
D) individualistic values of the American majority culture.

Question 27

Learning to stand alone as a self-sufficient person without relying on anyone else is considered

A) collectivism.
B) individualism.
C) interdependence.
D) correlation.

Question 28

While experimentation and exploration characterize the age period between 18-25, one must caution that

A) experimentation creates storm and stress in a young person's life.
B) not all young adults experiment and explore.
C) all young people will experience the same feelings.
D) experimentation and exploration need to be curbed.

Question 29

Which scenario best summarizes the ambiguity felt by emerging adults?

A) Tim feels like he never wants to grow up.
B) Kari doesn't know what to wear to school today.
C) Mallory feels in-between - not quite adolescent, not quite adult.
D) Logan wants to know what life was like for his parents.

Question 30

Adolescence is generally viewed as beginning with the

A) first signs of pubertal changes.
B) transition from elementary to high school.
C) thirteenth birthday.
D) attainment of an integrated identity.

Question 31

According to Anna Freud, Jason has

A) become a productive member of society.
B) built up excessive defenses against his own drives and desires.
C) accumulated past experiences and uses them to calm himself.
D) overcome the stereotype of storm and stress in his life.

Question 32

According to anthropological research, in most traditional, non-Western cultures, a person attains adult status with

A) employment.
B) the completion of post-secondary education.
C) marriage.
D) the completion of military service.

Question 33

Which statement concerning the developmental period known as emerging adulthood is most accurate?

A) Most adolescents do not move through the emerging adulthood period.
B) It is a period marked by experimentation and exploration.
C) Emerging adulthood is a period reserved for children with high SES.
D) It is best described in terms of Hall's theory of storm and stress.

Question 34

goal of being self-focused in emerging adulthood is to

A) create a permanent state as individuals enter adulthood.
B) learn to be self-sufficient in adulthood.
C) continue feeling in-between adolescence and adulthood.
D) allow adolescents an opportunity to experience adult life in brief episodes.

Question 35

the scientific method, the sample is meant to represent the

A) population.
B) hypothesis.
C) method.
D) researcher.

Question 36

Emerging adulthood is a phenomenon that exists mainly in

A) third world countries.
B) industrialized countries.
C) socialist countries.
D) global countries.

Question 37

Industrialization has contributed to a growing population of young people

A) reverting to child-like behaviors.
B) finding careers early in life.
C) never getting married or having children.
D) postponing adult roles.

Question 38

view that marriage is the key transition to adulthood is characteristic of

A) cultures that value interdependence more than independence.
B) people raised in large families.
C) cultures that face economic hardship.
D) individuals who engaged in early dating behavior as adolescents.

Question 39

Stanley Hall, a modern psychologist is most likely to believe

A) completely in Hall's definition of storm and stress.
B) that storm and stress is derived entirely from peer pressure.
C) a "modified" version of storm and stress.
D) that storm and stress is purely biological.

Question 40

emerging adults, the age of identity explorations is best described by what following scenario?

A) Celeste still feels like a kid but wants her parents to treat her like a grown up.
B) Tony is exploring love and work choices as he decides what he wants to do.
C) Brian has always known he wants to be a small business owner.
D) Peggy moved to eight different apartments with different roommates in two years.

Question 41

is the simplest form of experimental research?

A) A double blind study that focuses on a placebo.
B) Interviewing three people to develop case study data.
C) Having young people keep daily records at random times during the day.
D) Collecting data from two groups - control and experimental.

Question 42

Living amongst and observing the people being studied is most closely associated with which of the following research methods?

A) Biological measurement
B) Ethnographic research
C) Interview method
D) Experience sampling

Question 43

truthfulness of a measure best defines which of the following concepts?

A) Validity
B) Reliability
C) Generalizability
D) Recapitulation

Question 44

studies are a kind of a

A) peer-review.
B) microsystem.
C) causation.
D) natural experiment.

Question 45

best choice of method would be

A) experience sampling method.
B) interviews.
C) questionnaires.
D) observations.

Question 46

main disadvantage of the case study method of research is that

A) it is not very rich in details.
B) it is tough to use in mental health settings.
C) it is difficult to generalize the results.
D) it is limited to one person per study.

Question 47

Mead's finding is based upon which of the following?

A) Most Samoan youth studied went through adolescence with a minimum of turmoil.
B) Most American youth studied went through adolescence with a minimum of turmoil.
C) Few of the American youth studied experienced transitional angst.
D) Most of the Samoan youth studied experienced transitional angst.

Question 48

first ethnography on adolescence was written by

A) G. Stanley Hall.
B) J. M. Tanner.
C) Margaret Mead.
D) Erik Erikson.

Question 49

Which of the following studies on adolescents and emerging adults is a large-scale survey with a focus on drug use, as well as on peer relations and educational goals?

A) Monitoring the Future
B) Harvard Adolescence Project
C) Davis Adolescent Survey
D) Youth Ethnography Initiative

Question 50

limitation of research questionnaires is that

A) these measures may not capture the complexity of the issues being investigated.
B) such measures cannot be analyzed efficiently.
C) paper and pencil measures are expensive to administer.
D) these measures cannot be used in a controlled setting.

Question 51

scenario BEST describes an intervention?

A) People who spend a considerable amount of time among the people they wish to study.
B) Designing a program to promote critical thinking to help teens stop smoking.
C) Measuring biological changes like timing and pacing of different aspects of physical development during puberty.
D) Having young people wear watches with beepers to help them record a variety of experiences at random times during the day.

Question 52

test is

A) valid, but not reliable.
B) neither valid nor reliable.
C) neither generalizable nor valid.
D) reliable, but not valid.

Question 53

scholars who study adolescents and emerging adults select a sample of the population to study, the most important consideration is that the sample

A) is representative of the population they are interested in.
B) is small enough to study in a reasonable time frame.
C) also contains people they are not interested in studying.
D) none of the above.

Question 54

of the reasons that more research studies are conducted using questionnaires than using interviews is that

A) questionnaires are more valid than interviews.
B) interviews are not as reliable as questionnaires.
C) coding interview data takes considerable time, effort, and money.
D) questionnaire data is the most likely to be generalizable.

Question 55

advantage of questionnaires with a closed question format is that they

A) are easier for the participants to understand.
B) facilitate data collection and analysis with large samples.
C) are found to have a high degree of validity.
D) allow for participants' unique responses.

Question 56

Consent forms typically include

A) information on the purpose of the study.
B) a statement that participation is voluntary.
C) information on potential risks and benefits.
D) all of these.

Question 57

procedure of a research study refers to the

A) legal obligations that must be followed.
B) selection of a representative sample.
C) way the study is conducted and the data is collected.
D) choice of quantitative or qualitative techniques.

Question 58

Which of the following should she NOT do?

A) Phrase questions in a way that leads to a desired answer.
B) Ensure that participants' responses are confidential.
C) Leave a copy of the consent form with participants after the study is completed.
D) Allow participants to withdraw from the study if they want to.

Question 59

a research study, the consent of a parent or guardian is usually required

A) for adolescents 12 and under.
B) for emerging adults who still live with their parents.
C) for adolescents 18 and under.
D) only if the study is conducted in a public school.

Question 60

Which statement most accurately represents the relation between theory and research?

A) Theory exclusively drives research; all research is based on established theory.
B) Research never initiates theory; sound theory arises from new discoveries.
C) Theory and research generate research; research modifies theory, which leads to further research.
D) Theory and research arise separately; scholars of theory rarely enter the realm of research.

Question 61

According to research, differences in cultural expectations related to gender generally become more pronounced

A) with immigration.
B) at about six years of age.
C) with marriage.
D) at puberty.

Question 62

idea that young people around the world are increasingly experiencing similar environments is most closely associated with which of the following concepts?

A) Individualism
B) Recapitulation
C) Globalization
D) Contextualization

Question 63

distinctive feature of Indian culture is

A) Confucianism.
B) filial piety.
C) the high literacy rates.
D) the caste system.

Question 64

teacher who believes that adolescents experience ongoing turmoil and mood swings has beliefs similar to those of

A) M. Mead.
B) B. Whiting.
C) D. Davis.
D) A. Freud.

Question 65

According to the text, emerging adulthood is characterized first as the age of identity exploration.

Question 66

developmental period termed emerging adulthood exists in all cultures.

Question 67

Discussion of family rules in Muslim families is

A) encouraged.
B) decreasing.
C) overlooked.
D) uncommon.

Question 68

view that the boundaries between academic fields of study are in some ways artificial reflects an _____________________ approach.

A) individualistic
B) interdisciplinary
C) emergent
D) interdependent

Question 69

Which statement most accurately represents expectations for males and females across cultures?

A) Cultural differences in gender expectations are minimal; most differences center on socioeconomic status.
B) All cultures have traditional male and female roles; gender expectations do not change over time.
C) In some cultures role expectations for males and females are the same; males and females share equal opportunities.
D) All cultures have different expectations for males and females, but the degree of the differences varies greatly across cultures.

Question 70

career choice best reflects

A) a departure from gender-specific expectations in the West.
B) the availability of vocational training.
C) a decision to follow cultural norms.
D) an inability to "fit in."

Question 71

Erikson felt that emerging adulthood is characterized by the age of identity explorations.

Question 72

African cultures have strengths in their tradition of

A) independence.
B) small families.
C) familial conflict.
D) large families.

Question 73

Which statement most accurately represents the concept of globalization?

A) Cultural beliefs are becoming more distinct.
B) The world is becoming smaller and more diverse.
C) The world is becoming smaller and people more similar.
D) Economic disparity is becoming less pronounced.

Question 74

According to your text, most scholars who study adolescence today work in the discipline of

A) medicine.
B) sociology.
C) education.
D) psychology.

Question 75

Which of the following terms do scholars use to refer to the environmental settings in which development takes place?

A) Life space
B) Milieu
C) Habitat
D) Context

Question 76

"Kids on the streets of Tokyo have more in common with kids on the streets of London than they do with their parents." Sumner Redstone's statement best reflects the belief that

A) runaway youths face distinct geographical challenges.
B) watching television adversely affects adolescents regardless of where they live.
C) the lives of adolescents are being affected by globalization.
D) adolescents have not changed throughout history.

Question 77

Stanley Hall's theory of recapitulation held that the development of individuals reenacts the development of the human species.

Question 78

is evidence that

A) differences in gender expectations for males and females are deeply entrenched.
B) differences in gender expectations for males and females are somewhat blurred.
C) family values are disintegrating.
D) globalization is introducing non-Western ideas into Western culture.

Question 79

term traditional culture refers to a culture that has maintained a way of life based on stable traditions passed from one generation to the next.

Question 80

idea reflects the

A) individual approach.
B) Western approach.
C) cultural approach.
D) ethnocentric approach.