Deck 14: Great Leaders: an Evidenced-Based Approach

Question 1

Various studies have indicated that leaders with high behavioral complexity produce the best performance,particularly with respect to business performance and organizational effectiveness.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Most theorists agree that small-business leaders do not face a shifting role in today's dynamic work environment.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

A survey found that senior executives view their companies' leadership styles as conceptual rather than pragmatic,and risk taking rather than conservative.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Developing new procedures,scheduling employees,walking around inspecting work,are all included under the human resource management activity.

Question 5

The complexity of attaching a single style to a leader is brought out in meta-analyses of gender and leadership that do not wholly support stereotypes of the styles and effectiveness of men and women leaders.

Question 6

There is clear evidence that a leader's style can make a difference.

Question 7

Organizations can tie formal reward systems to performance and meet challenges in the long run by just socializing and politicking.

Question 8

Today,even with the great increase in population,the degree of separation between any two people has been reduced to 4.6.

Question 9

Research has shown that overall,networking made the biggest relative contribution to manager success and,importantly,human resource management activities made the least relative contribution.

Question 10

The differences among styles,activities,and skills express the ways leaders influence followers.

Question 11

Studies show that human resource management activities had a strong relationship to effectiveness (second only to human-oriented communication activities)but had the weakest relative relationship to success.

Question 12

As disturbance handler,the manager is proactive to the problems and pressures of the situation.

Question 13

The selling style is a high-task,low-relationship style and is effective when followers are at a very low level of maturity.

Question 14

Assertiveness,power,and influence are examples of competitiveness and control type of effective leadership skills.

Question 15

A recent study found that humor and fun meshed with almost every leader style there is,and hence can be easily incorporated.

Question 16

The Real Managers Study provides evidence that the activities identified for the successful and effective U.S.managers may hold across cultures.

Question 17

Most of the time spent in an interpersonal role,identified by Mintzberg,is on ceremonial duties such as taking an important customer to lunch.

Question 18

According to Hersey and Blanchard's approach,the relationship style leader explains the tasks that members are to do and when,where,and how they are to do them.

Question 19

The relative-frequency analysis provides a fairly confident answer to the question of what real managers do.

Question 20

In a manner similar to Kerr's view regarding substitutes for leadership,inspiration is being used to enhance the tactics used by traditional leaders.

Question 21

The selling style of leadership:

A) is a high-task,low-relationship style and is effective when followers are at a very low level of maturity.
B) is a low-task,high-relationship style and is effective when followers are on the high side of maturity.
C) is a high-task,high-relationship style and is effective when followers are on the low side of maturity.
D) is a low-task,low-relationship style and is effective when followers are at a very high level of maturity.

Question 22

According to Hersey and Blanchard's situational approach to leadership,the level of maturity has been identified as all of the following except:

A) degree of achievement motivation.
B) willingness to take on responsibility.
C) degree of need for affiliation.
D) amount of education and/or experience.

Question 23

Which of the following is not a factor to be modified in telework?

A) Motivational processes
B) Human resource processes
C) Incentives
D) Leadership tactics

Question 24

Leadership experts are yet to agree that leadership can be taught and learned,since most believe that it is an inborn quality.

Question 25

In a recent study of abusive leadership,which of the following indicated a potential long-term undesirable outcome?

A) Higher affective commitment
B) Higher normative commitment
C) Corroboration between work and family
D) Physical distress

Question 26

Which among the following is not a shifting role that small-business leaders face?

A) Following the market
B) Being a lone ranger rather than a networker
C) Staying intent on the idea rather than the quality of the execution
D) Overlooking innovation

Question 27

In contrast to leaders in the classical bureaucracies,leaders in today's organizations must be:

A) more accountable.
B) unbiased toward action.
C) less process-focused and more results-focused.
D) liberal in the use of pure authority.

Question 28

A recent study of top level managers in Fortune 100 firms found that compared to 20 years ago:

A) more of them are male.
B) more of them were educated at elite institutions.
C) they are increasingly moving from one company to another as their careers unfold.
D) they are making it to the top faster and taking more jobs along the way.

Question 29

One analysis argues that five key leadership roles can help managerial success.Identify the one included.

A) Gathering and integrating internal knowledge.
B) A strategic vision to motivate and inspire.
C) Accumulating and sharing external knowledge.
D) Accepting the status quo and enabling creativity.

Question 30

This is a low-task,high-relationship style and is effective when followers are on the high side of maturity.

A) Delegating style
B) Selling style
C) Telling style
D) Participating style

Question 31

This refers to the linkage of individual and leader interpretive orientations such that some set of followers' interests,values,and beliefs,as well as the leader's activities,goals,and ideology,becomes congruent and complementary.

A) Frame alignment
B) External representation
C) Image building
D) Selective motive arousal

Question 32

A recent survey asked American workers to name the most important trait for a person to lead them.Clearly ranked highest was:

A) creativity.
B) strong ethics and morals.
C) leading by example.
D) challenging the status quo.

Question 33

One group of trainers believes that the goal is to deliver leadership development by beginning with business results and working back to abilities.

Question 34

According to Nadler and Tushman's types of charismatic leadership style,the enabling leader:

A) articulates a compelling vision.
B) creates a picture of the future with which people can identify.
C) directs the generation of energy among members of the organization.
D) psychologically helps people act or perform in the face of challenging goals.

Question 35

The essence of Level 5 leadership is having _____ for the cause of the work - the outcome,the company,the organization - above the self.

A) commitment
B) motivation
C) skills
D) ambition

Question 36

Besides training,job redesign is another important technique leaders can use effectively.

Question 37

In an acceleration pool,key leadership competencies,the understanding of job challenges,and organizational knowledge bases are enhanced.

Question 38

According to the Tannenbaum and Schmidt continuum of leadership behavior model,which of the following would be the behavior of an employee-centered leader?

A) The manager defines limits and asks the group to make decisions
B) The manager presents tentative decision subject to change
C) The manager presents ideas and invites questions
D) The manager "sells" a decision

Question 39

This classic style of study represents the traditional authoritarian style of leadership.

A) Hawthorne studies
B) Iowa studies
C) Theory Y
D) Theory X

Question 40

The goal of effective coaching is to move away from the concept that "managing equals creating a context for coaching" and forward to the idea that "managing equals controlling."

Question 41

According to managerial activities and behavioral descriptions derived from free observation of Luthans Real Managers Study,the "interacting with outsiders" aspect consists of:

A) appealing to higher authority to resolve a dispute.
B) external meetings.
C) politicking,gamesmanship.
D) managing interpersonal conflict between work group members or others.

Question 42

According to research by Mintzberg,in the entrepreneurial role:

A) managers spend a great deal of time giving and receiving information.
B) the manager uses his/her influence to motivate and encourage subordinates to accomplish organizational objectives.
C) managers often spend more time interacting with others outside their unit than they do working with their own leaders and subordinates.
D) the manager initiates the development of a project and assembles the necessary resources in this role.

Question 43

This had the strongest relationship to effectiveness but had the weakest relationship to success.

A) Traditional management
B) Human resource management
C) Communication
D) Networking

Question 44

One study,after finding a significant relationship between humor and individual performance,cautioned that humor and fun meshed with a more _____ and _____ leader style.

A) laidback; democratic
B) taciturn; strict
C) active; involved
D) charismatic; political

Question 45

What does the human resource management activity of a manager include?

A) Assigning tasks
B) Asking for input
C) Scheduling employees
D) Setting goals and objectives

Question 46

According to Whetten and Cameron,personal skills consist of:

A) managing conflict.
B) motivating others.
C) solving problems creatively.
D) gaining power and influence.

Question 47

Which of the following characteristics of leadership skills did Whetten and Cameron identify through various studies?

A) The skills are behavioral
B) The skills are traits or,importantly,styles
C) The skills,in most cases,oriented toward teamwork and interpersonal relations exclusively
D) Effective leaders perform one skill or one set of skills independent of others

Question 48

In the Real Managers Study,today's knowledge managers have been defined as both explicit and tacit knowledge managers.Identify functional area of the tacit knowledge manager.

A) Provides necessary interaction between knowledge workers
B) Directly concerned with the generation of knowledge
C) Wholly involved with the codification of knowledge
D) Entirely related to the transfer of knowledge

Question 49

Studies have found that the leader's style is the key to the formulation and implementation of strategy and even plays an important role in all of the following except:

A) work group members' creativity.
B) work group members' team citizenship.
C) work group members' performance.
D) work group members' financial rewards.

Question 50

Which of the following has Mintzberg identified as falling under the umbrella of decisional managerial roles?

A) Figurehead role
B) Disturbance handler role
C) Disseminator role
D) Spokesperson role

Question 51

In domestic organizations,this skill could be said to be critical for success in light of increasing diversity.

A) Cultural flexibility
B) Communications skills
C) Creativity
D) Self-management of learning

Question 52

The technique of leaders using vivid stories,slogans,symbols,and ceremonies to communicate their messages in a motivating manner,has been identified by House and Podsakoff as:

A) frame alignment.
B) inspirational communication.
C) confidence,determination,and persistence.
D) selective motive arousal.

Question 53

On the basis of an interview study of more than 400 highly effective managers,which skill was most often identified?

A) Written communication
B) Managing group decisions
C) Self-consciousness
D) Motivating and influencing others

Question 54

According to managerial activities and behavioral descriptions derived from free observation of Luthans Real Managers Study,the staffing activity consists of:

A) organizing the work.
B) clarifying roles.
C) preventive maintenance.
D) "filling in" where needed.

Question 55

According to the book,success is defined as the speed of _____ within an organization.

A) building responsibility
B) networking
C) learning
D) promotion

Question 56

An analysis argues that the Russian economy must be built through a transformation in the leadership,and must include all of the following processes except:

A) a culture of empowerment must be developed.
B) autocratic leader practices must be reduced.
C) centralized decision making must be introduced.
D) trust must be developed.

Question 57

According to Whetten and Cameron,the "managing conflict" aspect of the interpersonal skills model consists of:

A) counseling.
B) diagnosing poor performance.
C) exercising influence.
D) selecting appropriate strategies.

Question 58

According to the Real Managers Study,it could be assumed that successful managers,using the speed of promotions as a measure of success,spend relatively more time and effort on:

A) managing conflict.
B) training/developing.
C) politicking.
D) motivating/reinforcing.

Question 59

According to research by Mintzberg,this role recognizes that managers often spend more time interacting with others outside their unit than they do working with their own leaders and subordinates.

A) Disseminator role
B) Disturbance handler role
C) Liaison role
D) Spokesperson role

Question 60

According to the Whetten and Cameron model of interpersonal skills,the "communicating supportively" aspect consists of:

A) identifying causes.
B) coaching.
C) resolving confrontations.
D) empowering others.

Question 61

What are the managerial roles identified by Mintzberg?

Question 62

What are some of the commonly recognized leadership skills?

Question 63

What are some of the contemporary leadership development approaches and how do they make leaders more effective?

Question 64

The approach to leadership development,which is competency based,includes three ways that competencies have been derived.Which of the following is not included?

A) Research based
B) Goal based
C) Strategy based
D) Values based

Question 65

Briefly summarize Luthans' conceptual categories of Real Managers' activities.

Question 66

Briefly,using the Real Managers Study,how do the author and his colleagues answer the questions: What do successful managers do? What do effective managers do?

Question 67

As part of the controversial,yet popular,personal training methodology,these training programs have come to life following the adage that there is no training experience better than "walking a mile in the other person's shoes."

A) Job enrichment
B) Job enlargement
C) Job rotation
D) Job quality

Question 68

What is the "Pied Piper effect"?

A) Job hopping by an effective leader can lead to defections and attrition among the subordinates who were under the departed leader.
B) Leaders with a charismatic style will have high-performing followers and organizations.
C) Top level managers are increasingly moving from one company to another as their careers unfold.
D) Transformational leaders have an inspirational style with vision,and they "do the right thing" for their people.

Question 69

Discuss Nadler and Tushman's charismatic leadership styles with examples.

Question 70

Define frame alignment.

Question 71

Briefly summarize some of the research done on a positive,authentic leadership style.

Question 72

List the behaviors and approaches of great leaders as summarized by House and Podsakoff.

Question 73

Discuss Hersey and Blanchard's life-cycle approach to leadership.

Question 74

This involves empowering the subordinates to make decisions and solve their own problems.

A) Autonomy
B) Variety
C) Significance
D) Feedback

Question 75

The authentic leadership development process can be proactively accelerated by all of the following ways except:

A) starting with a desired end-point.
B) starting with enhanced self-awareness.
C) starting with self-regulation.
D) starting with a desired high-point.

Question 76

According to Mintzberg,what are the informational roles that managers perform?

Question 77

What are the 10 skills of highly effective managers according to Whetten and Cameron?

Question 78

How can training be used to develop leadership skills? Explain with examples.

Question 79

According to Mintzberg,what are the decisional roles that managers perform?

Question 80

What are the guidelines Avolio and Luthans provide for leaders to be authentic and effective?