Deck 15: Multiple Choice

Question 1

The association cortex makes up about _____ of the total cortex.

A) one-third
B) one-half
C) two-thirds
D) three-quarters

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The development of language in humans might have stemmed from:

A) our development of complex visual abilities.
B) our ability to perform movements in series.
C) the enlargement of the medial temporal lobes.
D) the enlargement of the cingulate cortex.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Cells in visual area V5 are most sensitive to:

A) color.
B) shape.
C) size.
D) movement.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Novel sequences of thoughts most likely arise in the:

A) parietal lobes.
B) frontal lobes.
C) temporal lobes.
D) limbic lobes.

Question 5

Throwing a rock or a spear is a(n):

A) guided movement.
B) ballistic movement.
C) feedback movement.
D) oscillatory movement.

Question 6

The inability to perceive motion often results from damage to the visual area _____ of the occipital lobe of the brain.

A) V5
B) V2
C) V1
D) V4

Question 7

Which of the following aspects of language gives humans an advantage in thinking?

A) It provides a means with which to categorize information.
B) It provides a means of organizing time.
C) Language has a syntax (i.e. ,a set of rules)that allows meaningful utterances to be generated.
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 8

Conscious visual knowledge of objects (e.g. ,shape,size,texture)is stored in the:

A) parietal cortex.
B) occipital cortex.
C) temporal cortex.
D) frontal cortex.

Question 9

In a study by Newsome and associates,monkeys were trained to discriminate directions of motion while researchers recorded from single neurons in area V5 that were sensitive to a specific direction of motion.According to the results of this experiment,which of the following options would result in the highest firing rate in a V5 neuron?

A) random dot movement
B) no dot movement
C) semicoordinated dot movement
D) The firing rate of the neuron would be the same in all conditions.

Question 10

Oliver Sacks describes an 11-year-old boy who was deaf and was never taught sign language.The purpose of this example was to illustrate the importance of:

A) normal hearing in language development.
B) syntax in the development of complex thought.
C) normal hearing in emotional development.
D) normal hearing in thought development.

Question 11

Humans with damage to visual area V4 can no longer see:

A) distance.
B) size.
C) color.
D) movement.

Question 12

Psychological constructs (e.g. ,attention)can be difficult to localize in the brain because:

A) psychological constructs are often complex and not localized to one area of the brain.
B) we tend to think of constructs as unitary,but they are actually made up of a number of distinct processes.
C) the brain is not organized around psychological constructs.
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 13

A key difference between human language and language in chimpanzees is that:

A) humans can communicate with one another,whereas chimpanzees cannot.
B) human language can be used to warn others about danger,whereas chimpanzee language cannot.
C) human language has syntax,whereas chimpanzee language does not.
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 14

Syntax is the same as:

A) grammar.
B) the stringing together of phonemes to make a word.
C) literal language.
D) oral language.

Question 15

A person who once had knowledge about certain objects now loses visual knowledge of those objects and also other objects when his _____ is destroyed.

A) parietal cortex.
B) temporal cortex.
C) frontal cortex.
D) occipital cortex.

Question 16

Which of the following tests would Alex the parrot most likely have been able to accomplish?

A) counting the number of items on a tray
B) indicating the color of an object
C) identifying when an incorrect object was given to him
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 17

Choreography of a new dance is likely a function of the:

A) parietal lobes.
B) temporal lobes.
C) frontal lobes.
D) limbic lobes.

Question 18

Throwing an object accurately at a moving object is unique to:

A) humans.
B) humans and chimpanzees.
C) humans,chimpanzees,and gorillas.
D) all primates.

Question 19

If a patient who has had his corpus callosum severed is asked to make patterns using blocks,he will probably perform the task better with his:

A) left hand.
B) right hand.
C) dominant hand.
D) He will not be able to perform the task at all.

Question 20

Which of the following brain regions is not considered to be part of the prefrontal association cortex?

A) dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
B) ventromedial prefrontal cortex
C) anterior cingulate cortex
D) All of the regions are part of the prefrontal association cortex.

Question 21

Which of the following is most analogous to an orchestra conductor?

A) temporal lobes
B) frontal lobes
C) parietal lobes
D) occipital lobes

Question 22

Since Henry's recent stroke he has had a great deal of difficulty navigating around unfamiliar environments such doctor's offices and shopping malls.Henry most likely has damage to his:

A) occipital lobe.
B) right parietal lobe.
C) left parietal lobe
D) ventral stream.

Question 23

Alex has recently had a stroke in his right parietal lobe.Which of the following is likely to describe the deficits he might have?

A) He no longer eats food from the right side of his plate.
B) He can no longer imagine the left side of his own mental images.
C) He routinely bumps into things on his right side.
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 24

A person who can localize objects and describe their location from memory but cannot identify objects or describe them from memory most likely has a lesion in the:

A) parietal cortex.
B) temporal cortex.
C) frontal cortex.
D) occipital cortex.

Question 25

The _____ is critical for object recognition,whereas the _____ is critical for vision for action.

A) ventral stream;dorsal stream
B) temporal cortex;frontal cortex
C) dorsal stream;ventral stream
D) frontal cortex;occipital cortex

Question 26

Anthony can perceive objects normally,but when he reaches out to pick them up,he often misses the object entirely or grasps it awkwardly.This difficulty with picking up objects does not appear to be a problem with his muscles,as he can move his arms just fine.This peculiar disorder is mostly like the result of damage to the:

A) frontal cortex.
B) parietal cortex.
C) temporal cortex.
D) occipital cortex.

Question 27

In the study by Moran and Desimone,the firing rate of neurons in area V4 was highest when objects:

A) appeared at the rewarded location.
B) appeared at an unrewarded location.
C) appeared anywhere on the screen.
D) changed color anywhere on the screen.

Question 28

The temporal organization of behavior is the general function of the:

A) parietal lobes.
B) temporal lobes.
C) frontal lobes.
D) limbic lobes.

Question 29

Which of the following scenarios is MOST likely to lead to extinction in a patient with a right hemisphere injury?

A) The patient is shown a pencil in the left visual field.
B) The patient is shown a spoon in the right visual field.
C) The patient is shown a pencil in the left and right visual fields at the same time.
D) The patient is shown a pencil in the left visual field and a spoon in the right visual field at the same time.

Question 30

Spatial navigation relies on:

A) the use of environmental landmarks.
B) the ability to imagine a map of the environment.
C) the ability to mentally manipulate images.
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 31

Visual agnosia results from damage to the:

A) ventral stream.
B) dorsal stream
C) parietal cortex.
D) occipital cortex.

Question 32

Your ability to imagine what an object would look like from a different viewpoint relies most heavily on the:

A) parietal cortex.
B) temporal cortex.
C) frontal cortex.
D) occipital cortex.

Question 33

Extinction is a form of:

A) apraxia.
B) neglect.
C) aphasia.
D) preservation.

Question 34

According to recent work by Gregory Hickok,mirror neurons may be important for _____ but not for _____.

A) language;action understanding
B) action recognition;action understanding
C) action understanding;action recognition
D) action understanding;language

Question 35

A person who neglects objects or events in the left side of his or her world most likely has a lesion in the:

A) left temporal lobe.
B) right temporal lobe.
C) left parietal lobe.
D) right parietal lobe.

Question 36

The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test is an excellent measure to examine:

A) neglect.
B) extinction.
C) the ability to shift strategy.
D) parietal lobe function.

Question 37

How we combine multiple sources of input (e.g. ,visual,auditory,motor)into a unified conscious experience is known as the:

A) temporal problem.
B) sensory problem.
C) binding problem.
D) association problem.

Question 38

Which of the following tasks would be difficult for someone with a prefrontal cortex injury?

A) grocery shopping to prepare for a dinner party that was organized an hour ago
B) understanding a joke
C) recognizing a friend's face
D) driving to a friend's house

Question 39

Which of the following best describes the type of problem that a patient with a prefrontal cortex injury might have on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test?

A) The patient has difficulty learning to sort according to a rule.
B) The patient has difficulty switching strategies to use a new sorting rule.
C) The patient is never able to remember the categories.
D) All of the statements are correct.

Question 40

A patient with damage to the left temporal pole might have problems with:

A) reading.
B) verbal memory.
C) visual memory.
D) the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test.

Question 41

Research in neuroeconomics has linked activity in the _____ with a reflexive decision system and activity in the _____ with reflective decision system.

A) nucleus accumbens and ventromedial prefrontal cortex;medial temporal cortex and lateral prefrontal cortex
B) medial temporal cortex and lateral prefrontal cortex;nucleus accumbens and ventromedial prefrontal cortex
C) amygdala;ventromedial prefrontal cortex
D) medial temporal cortex and lateral prefrontal cortex;nucleus accumbens

Question 42

If you have language in the left hemisphere and I present two strings of digits in the two ears at the same time,you will recall:

A) more left-ear digits.
B) more right-ear digits.
C) an equal number from each ear.
D) alternately from ear to ear.

Question 43

The human cerebellum is thought to be important for:

A) motor learning.
B) language.
C) working memory.
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 44

Your patient cannot read,and she has difficulty in copying movements and generating the names of objects and animals.The most likely site of the lesion is the:

A) left parietal lobe.
B) right parietal lobe.
C) left temporal lobe.
D) right temporal lobe.

Question 45

A patient with poor visual memory might have damage to:

A) the left frontal lobe.
B) the left temporal lobe.
C) the right temporal lobe.
D) Broca's area.

Question 46

Evaluation of two cola brands during an fMRI study increased activation in the _____;the finding was correlated with the participant's _____ brand.

A) dorsolateral prefrontal cortex;preferred
B) orbitofrontal cortex;preferred
C) orbitofrontal cortex;less-favored
D) anterior cingulate cortex;less-favored

Question 47

Using rs-fMRI,scientists have identified approximately _____ networks.

A) 5
B) 13
C) 17
D) 25

Question 48

Patients with apraxia have difficulty:

A) reading a newspaper.
B) walking down the street.
C) copying a series of arm movements.
D) copying a drawing.

Question 49

A person who is considered to be impulsive might have increased activity in the _____ when making economic decisions.

A) ventromedial prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens
B) lateral prefrontal and medial temporal cortex
C) dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
D) posterior parietal cortex

Question 50

The experience of empathy is thought to be related to activity in the:

A) medial prefrontal cortex.
B) dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
C) dorsal premotor cortex.
D) amygdala.

Question 51

If I present an object in the right visual field of a split-brain patient,the patient:

A) can pick it out with the left hand.
B) can pick it out with the right hand.
C) cannot tell you what it was.
D) can pick it out with the right hand but cannot tell you what it was.

Question 52

Social neuroscience studies have demonstrated that anticipation of pain activates the:

A) lateral prefrontal cortex.
B) inferior parietal cortex.
C) superior temporal cortex.
D) anterior cingulate cortex.

Question 53

In a normal participant,if you briefly present a word _____,it will be identified more easily.

A) in the left visual field
B) in the right visual field
C) in the lower visual field
D) in the upper visual field

Question 54

Studies in social neuroscience have suggested that the brain region most important for theory of mind is the:

A) orbitofrontal cortex.
B) dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
C) dorsal premotor cortex.
D) amygdala.

Question 55

The _____ is larger in the right hemisphere,and the _____ is larger in the left hemisphere.

A) primary auditory cortex;secondary auditory cortex
B) prefrontal cortex;medial temporal lobe
C) primary motor cortex;primary somatosensory cortex
D) Wernicke's area;Broca's area

Question 56

Kimura observed that participants who were asked to remember a series of digits tended to do better when the digits were presented:

A) to the right ear.
B) to the left ear.
C) to both ears at the same time.
D) using a female voice.

Question 57

Which of the following statements about anatomical asymmetry is not correct?

A) Broca's area is larger on the right than on the left.
B) The face area in the sensorimotor cortex is larger on the left than on the right.
C) The primary auditory area is larger on the left than on the right.
D) The dendritic fields of neurons in Broca's area in the left hemisphere are larger than those in the right hemisphere.

Question 58

Kimura observed that participants who were asked to remember melodies tended to do better when:

A) the music was presented to the right ear.
B) the music was presented to the left ear.
C) the music was presented to both ears at the same time.
D) participants listened to classical music.

Question 59

Your patient has difficulties assembling puzzles,copying drawings,and finding his way around the city.The most likely site of his lesion is the:

A) left parietal lobe.
B) right parietal lobe.
C) left temporal lobe.
D) right temporal lobe.

Question 60

Splitting of the corpus callosum is most likely a treatment for:

A) Parkinson disease.
B) epilepsy.
C) synesthesia.
D) Alzheimer disease.

Question 61

Fine movement deficits are seen after:

A) right parietal lobe lesions.
B) left parietal lobe lesions.
C) right frontal lobe lesions.
D) left temporal lobe lesions.

Question 62

Women are generally better than men on:

A) mental rotation of shapes.
B) spatial relations.
C) verbal fluency.
D) the water task.

Question 63

Kimura has shown that:

A) females were much less likely to have language deficits after a left-hemisphere stroke.
B) females were more likely to be apraxic and aphasic after a left-hemisphere frontal cortex lesion.
C) males were more likely to be apraxic and aphasic after a left-hemisphere frontal cortex lesion.
D) males were much less likely to have language deficits after a left-hemisphere stroke.

Question 64

If you were preparing to do brain surgery on someone and you needed to know what hemisphere language was lateralized in,which test would deliver the most accurate results?

A) dichotic listening
B) fMRI tests of language
C) EEG
D) the sodium amobarbital test

Question 65

Compared with right-handers,left-handers have:

A) a smaller brain.
B) a larger brain.
C) a smaller corpus callosum.
D) a larger corpus callosum.

Question 66

Braille readers often use:

A) their left hand.
B) their right hand.
C) both hands.
D) None of the answers is correct.

Question 67

Males are typically better at _____ tasks,whereas females tend to excel at _____ tasks.

A) spatial relations and mental rotation;short-term memory and verbal fluency
B) short-term memory and spatial relations;verbal fluency and mental rotation
C) short-term memory and verbal fluency;spatial relations and mental rotation
D) verbal fluency and spatial relations;mental rotation and short-term memory

Question 68

Your friend tells you that every letter of the alphabet has a distinct color to him.For example,A is always a specific hue of yellow and G is always baby blue.You believe your friend:

A) is on drugs.
B) has had a stroke.
C) has synesthesia.
D) has a brain tumor.

Question 69

Synesthesia is:

A) the same as a phantom limb.
B) anesthesia of a sensory system.
C) anesthesia of a motor output.
D) the experience in which stimulation in one sensory modality gives rise to a sensation in another modality.

Question 70

According to research by Kimura,following a stroke in adulthood,males:

A) were less likely to be aphasic and apraxic after left posterior lesions.
B) were more likely to be aphasic and apraxic after left posterior lesions.
C) were less likely to be aphasic and apraxic after left temporal lesions.
D) were more likely to be aphasic and apraxic after left frontal lesions

Question 71

Which of the following statements about handedness and language is false?

A) Right-handed people have language in the left hemisphere.
B) Seventy percent of left-handers have speech in the left hemisphere.
C) Thirty percent of left-handers have speech in the right hemisphere.
D) Fifteen percent of left-handers have speech in both hemispheres.

Question 72

Which of the following is not an example of genuine synesthesia?

A) Seeing colors when you hear music.
B) Hearing a scratching noise when you see the color red.
C) Tasting a specific flavor when you touch an object.
D) Seeing each letter of the alphabet as a unique color.

Question 73

Kolb and Stewart found that:

A) dorsal frontal neurons have larger dendritic fields in males than in females.
B) dorsal frontal neurons have smaller dendritic fields in males than in females.
C) orbital frontal cells have larger dendritic fields in males than in females.
D) orbital frontal cells have smaller dendritic fields in males than in females.

Question 74

_____ tend to have better spatial skills than _____.

A) Meadow voles;pine voles
B) Pine voles;meadow voles
C) Male pine voles;female pine voles
D) Females;males

Question 75

A study by Goldstein and colleagues observed that women have _____,whereas men have _____.

A) larger dorsal prefrontal regions;larger ventral prefrontal regions
B) larger ventral prefrontal regions;larger dorsal prefrontal regions
C) larger amygdala volumes;larger parietal regions
D) larger ventral prefrontal regions;larger cerebellar volume

Question 76

If you present a picture of an object to the left visual field of a split-brain patient,the patient:

A) can pick it out with the left hand.
B) can pick it out with the right hand.
C) can name the object.
D) cannot respond.

Question 77

The ability to make causal inferences seems to rely on the:

A) left hemisphere.
B) right temporal lobe.
C) left parietal lobe.
D) right hemisphere.

Question 78

DTI studies have revealed that the male brain _____,whereas the female brain _____.

A) has more intrahemispheric connections;has more interhemispheric connections
B) has more interhemispheric connections;has more intrahemispheric connections
C) has more connections within the right hemisphere;has more connections within the left hemisphere
D) has more connections within the left hemisphere;has more connections within the right hemisphere

Question 79

Split-brain studies have indicated that:

A) language occurs only in the left hemisphere.
B) nouns are processed only in the right hemisphere.
C) verbs are processed only in the left hemisphere.
D) both hemispheres process nouns and verbs,but syntax is in the left.

Question 80

The male advantage for spatial skills may have evolved from the fact that males:

A) ranged over larger territories than females.
B) developed the first tools.
C) tend to be more aggressive than females.
D) All of the answers are correct.