Deck 13: Encountering New Religious Movements: Modern Ways to Alternative Meanings

Question 1

What is a UFO NRM established in 1973, now headquartered in Quebec, with about 55,000 members worldwide?

A)Heaven's Gate
B)The Raëlians
C)Druidry
D)The People's Temple

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Identify a true statement about nature NRMs.

A)They oppose the use of magic and witchcraft.
B)They are antifeminist movements.
C)They are not found in the Western countries.
D)They oppose modern science and technology.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What was a UFO NRM established in the 1970s by Marshall Applewhite?

A)The Branch Davidian
B)Heaven's Gate
C)The Unification Church
D)Druidry

Answer 3

B

Question 4

What did Aum Shinrikyo do to make it so infamous?

A)It carried out a deadly gas attack in the Tokyo subway system.
B)It carried out attacks on notable Shinto shrines.
C)It carried out attacks in the streets of major Japanese cities.
D)It slandered the emperor of Japan.

Question 5

What apocalyptic new religious movement originated in the Seventh-Day Adventist Church, settled in a compound near Waco, Texas, and ended in fire in 1993?

A)Unification Church
B)Vedanta Society
C)People's Temple
D)Branch Davidian

Question 6

A new religious movement, especially a long-standing one from the 1800s and early 1900s, is sometimes called a(n):

A)alternative religious movement.
B)indigenous religious movement .
C)civil religious movement.
D)orthodox religious movement.

Question 7

What Hindu NRM featured "dynamic meditation," which often employed screaming and dancing?

A)People's Temple
B)Rajneesh International Foundation
C)Vedanta Society
D)Self-Realization Fellowship

Question 8

Which of the following is a scientific new religious movement founded by Mary Baker Eddy on spiritual healing of disease?

A)Church of Scientology
B)Christian Science Church
C)Unification Church
D)Self-Realization Fellowship

Question 9

The most infamous of the Japanese new religions was the apocalyptic group founded in 1987 by Chizuo Matsumoto that went by the name of:

A)Aum Shinrikyo.
B)Gedatsu-kai.
C)Soka-Gakkai.
D)Falun Gong.

Question 10

What common feature of NRMs makes them so controversial to the general public?

A)They start small but often become international movements.
B)They are founded by a single powerful leader.
C)They typically have distinct patterns of gender relations.
D)They are countercultural in their response to the modern world.

Question 11

What is a nature NRM made up predominantly of women that typically centers on a Goddess and a "female principle"?

A)Druidry
B)Heaven's Gate
C)Wicca
D)Falun Gong

Question 12

A religious group that arose in modern times and now has sufficient size, longevity, and cultural impact to merit academic study is called a(n):

A)new religious movement (NRM).
B)indigenous religion.
C)civil religion.
D)church-sect typology.

Question 13

The belief in a thousand-year reign of peace on earth near the end of time is called:

A)shamanism.
B)animism.
C)polytheism.
D)millenarianism.

Question 14

Which of the following terms for NRMs is used the least today?

A)sects
B)cults
C)alternative religious movement
D)emergent religions

Question 15

New religious movements are:

A)cultural in their response to the modern world.
B)not as media-savvy as established world religions.
C)not tightly organized and lack control from the top.
D)responses to religious and cultural pluralism.

Question 16

Which of the following is true of new religious movements?

A)They take generations to develop.
B)They are loosely organized movements.
C)They are cultural in their response to the modern world.
D)They start small but can become international movements.

Question 17

What is a Hindu new religious movement founded by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi in 1959?

A)Heaven's Gate
B)The Rajneesh International Foundation
C)The Self-Realization Fellowship
D)Transcendental Meditation

Question 18

Which of the following is true of Wicca?

A)It supports the alienation of humans from nature.
B)It encourages the use of modern science and technology.
C)It is made up predominantly of men.
D)It aims to re-enchant and re-personalize the world.

Question 19

A teacher from India, Paramahansa Yogananda, was the first to teach yoga to Americans in his organization called:

A)the People's Temple.
B)the Rajneesh International Foundation.
C)the Vedanta Society.
D)the Self-Realization Fellowship.

Question 20

What term is used to describe eclectic beliefs and practices that aim to bring an individual to a state of higher consciousness?

A)nature religion
B)First Nation
C)New Age
D)vision quest

Question 21

Which of the following is true of the teachings of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS)?

A)LDS members believe that their religion restores organization and practices.
B)LDS teaches that God, Jesus Christ, and the Holy Spirit are united in a single deity.
C)LDS members believe that God has always been a divine being.
D)LDS teaches that salvation comes by the grace of God in Christ and not by one's deeds.

Question 22

Which of the following statements is true of the Nation of Islam?

A)It rejects the idea of an incarnation of God in any human form.
C)It believes that white people are by nature good.
B)It discards the idea of a new prophet equal to Muhammad.
D)It promises that black people who submit to God will rule the world.

Question 23

What refers to a group of full-time church workers who assist national and local Scientology groups?

A)Druidry
B)Heaven's Gate
C)Branch Davidian
D)The Sea Organization

Question 24

Which of the following is true of Scientology's beliefs about God?

A)Scientology does not permit Scientologists to draw their own conclusions about God.
B)Individual Scientologists experience God as the highest dynamic.
C)Individual Scientologists' beliefs about God are insignificant in Scientology.
D)Scientology is a theological, not a psychological, religion.

Question 25

_________, also called "contact movements," represent a type of scientific new religious movements quite different from Christian Science, teaching about beings from other worlds who bring scientific knowledge and spiritual wisdom.

A)Neo-Pagans
B)UFO groups
C)Druids
D)Mormons

Question 26

The term _________ is used to refer to new religious movements, suggesting that they are less important than world religions.

A)marginal religious movements
B)indigenous religious movements
C)civil religious movements
D)orthodox religious movements

Question 27

In Scientology, the term what term refers to a spiritual entity that can exist apart from the body, and is the true self of every person?

A)thetan
B)auditing
C)dynamic
D)engram

Question 28

Which of the following Hollywood celebrities isNOT a prominent Scientologist?

A)Tom Cruise
B)John Travolta
C)Kirstie Alley
D)Leah Remini

Question 29

Identify a true statement about the Zhuan Falun book.

A)It is not regarded as a scripture by the Falun Gong movement.
B)It has already been translated into forty languages.
C)It has been organized into three lectures or talks.
D)It fails to preserve the feel of lectures to live audiences.

Question 30

L.Ronald Hubbard, the founder of Scientology, believed that:

A)the world is overall a good place.
B)thought habits that lead to survival perpetuate negative mental states.
C)the real spiritual self is connected to the body.
D)deeds that go against survival result in healthy pleasure.

Question 31

In Scientology, the goal of auditing is to become "clear" and free the mind from:

A)thetans.
B)tithes.
C)dynamics.
D)engrams.

Question 32

_________ is a Hindu new religious movement founded by Vivekananda, a prominent Indian Philosopher, in New York City on the doctrines of his teacher, Ramakrishna.

A)The Vedanta Society
B)Heaven's Gate
C)Transcendental Meditation
D)The People's Temple

Question 33

Which of the following describes the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints?

A)It is a scientific new religious movement on the spiritual healing of disease.
B)It is a group of full-time church workers who assist national and local Scientology organizations.
C)It is the sectarian Mormon group that still practices plural marriage.
D)It is the former name for a Mormon denomination, now called Community of Christ.

Question 34

Which of the following is a difference between the teachings of the LDS Church and that of Christianity?

A)LDS teaches that God, Jesus Christ, and the Holy Spirit are three distinct divine beings, whereas Christianity teaches that they are united in a single deity.
B)Christianity teaches that God is the eternal Father and that Jesus Christ is God's son, whereas LDS teaches that Jesus Christ is the eternal God.
C)Christianity teaches that God was once similar to a human, whereas LDS teaches that God has always been divine.
D)LDS teaches that salvation comes by one's own deeds alone, whereas Christianity teaches that it comes by the grace of God in Christ.

Question 35

The Muslim reform movement founded by Malcolm X, with mainstream Sunni features, is known as the:

A)Nation of Islam.
B)American Society of Muslims.
C)Black Muslim Movement.
D)Muslim Brotherhood Movement.

Question 36

The religion scholar who invented the term "new religious movements" is:

A)Eileen Barker.
B)L.Ron Hubbard.
C)Hugh T.Urban .
D)Urban Meyer.

Question 37

The essence of this controversial NRM is to achieve mental and spiritual renewal by way of physical and mental exercises, as well as mystical teachings.

A)Druidry
B)Heaven's Gate
C)Wicca
D)Falun Gong

Question 38

What is an NRM from Korea founded by Sun Myung Moon that is a blend of Christianity and Asian religions?

A)Branch Davidian
B)The Church of Moon International
C)Unification Church
D)Self-Realization Fellowship

Question 39

What is the leading part of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints' four-part scripture?

A)Book of Mormon
B)Zhuan Falun
C)Doctrine and Covenants
D)Pearl of Great Price

Question 40

A regional body of Mormon churches under a president is called a:

A)stake.
B)ward.
C)section.
D)sect.

Question 41

Explain nature new religious movements.

Question 42

Explain the present status of Scientology.

Question 43

Briefly discuss the new religious movements founded in the Western world.

Question 44

Nature new religious movements support modern science and technology.

Question 45

New religious movements are always founded by a large group of people.

Question 46

_________ is a Mormon temple rite of adult initiation in which blessings and knowledge are imparted.

A)Baptism
B)Endowment
C)Sealing
D)Circumcision

Question 47

The term "new religious movements" holds out the nuanced understanding that in time some of today's new religious movements may become regarded as established religions.

Question 48

In Falun Gong, the main "wheel" is the "wheel of law" or "wheel of dharma."

Question 49

In Unification, the late Sun Myung Moon and his wife, who can lead humanity to perfection, are called the:

A)Mormons.
B)True Parents.
C)noble savages.
D)Aboriginals.

Question 50

The _________ is the third scripture of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and has 138 sections, plus two "official declarations." It contains revelations on community life-some narrative, some theological, and some legal-from 1823 until 1978.

A)Book of Mormon
B)King James Version
C)Doctrine and Covenants
D)Pearl of Great Price

Question 51

List seven common features of new religious movements (NRMs).

Question 52

The most recent new religious movements to emerge in the United States are the Seventh-Day Adventists and the Jehovah's Witnesses.

Question 53

In Scientology, the term _________ refers to the drive for survival that encompasses eight aspects.

A)thetans
B)tithes
C)dynamics
D)engrams

Question 54

The Christian Science Church accepted medical science and treatment since the time it was founded.

Question 55

According to the Nation of Islam, African Americans have descended from a tribe called _________, said to be the ancient pre-Islamic inhabitants of Mecca.

A)Shabazz
B)Hijra
C)Ashura
D)Hajji

Question 56

_________, or "Energy Working," is an ancient Chinese tradition of spiritual and physical exercise.

A)Wu wei
B)Tian
C)Taiji
D)Qi Gong

Question 57

The _________ is a short statement of the main beliefs of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.It teaches belief in God, the eternal Father; in Jesus Christ, God's son; and in the Holy Spirit.

A)Book of Mormon
B)Articles of Faith
C)Doctrine and Covenants
D)Pearl of Great Price

Question 58

In Scientology, the four things that form the physical universe and trap thetans are known by the acronym:

A)LORE.
B)MEST.
C)MESSED.
D)CLEAR.

Question 59

Falun Gong is a new religious movement that is widely accepted by the people and the government of China.

Question 60

Explain Neo-Paganism and Wicca.