Deck 3: Multiple Choice

Question 1

The human central nervous system consists of approximately:

A) 86 billion neurons.
B) 1 trillion neurons.
C) 16 billion neurons.
D) 1 million neurons.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The junction of the axon and the soma of a neuron is called:

A) the neural bridge.
B) the axon hillock.
C) the axon collateral.
D) a synapse.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Golgi staining makes use of _____ to stain neurons so they can be viewed under a microscope.

A) cresyl violet
B) silver nitrate
C) pen ink
D) squid ink

Answer 3

B

Question 4

_____ are a special type of interneuron found in the cerebellum.

A) Purkinje cells
B) Motor neurons
C) Bipolar neurons
D) Glial cells

Question 5

The part of the axon that conveys information to other neurons is the:

A) axon hillock.
B) terminal button.
C) Golgi body.
D) soma.

Question 6

_____ are single fibers that carry messages to other neurons.

A) Dendrites
B) Axons
C) Terminal buttons
D) Somas

Question 7

The _____ is the core region of the cell that contains the nucleus.

A) dendrite
B) axon
C) Golgi body
D) soma

Question 8

What is the MOST common sequence of information flow through a neuron?

A) nucleus,axon,axon hillock,end foot
B) dendrite,nucleus,axon hillock,axon
C) dendrite,nucleus,axon,axon hillock
D) dendrite,teleodendria,nucleus,axon

Question 9

Interneurons:

A) produce glial cells in the midbrain.
B) are responsible for producing myelin sheets.
C) are involved in processing sensory information and sending information to the motor neurons.
D) are involved in processing motor feedback.

Question 10

The simplest neuron is a(n):

A) somatosensory neuron.
B) motor neuron.
C) bipolar neuron.
D) interneuron.

Question 11

_____ is the technique that allows researchers to label different neurons by marking them with distinct colors.

A) Straining
B) Defragmentation
C) Brainbow
D) Bluetooth

Question 12

Neurons:

A) all have the same number of dendrites.
B) usually have several axons.
C) are all remarkably similar in size.
D) have only one axon.

Question 13

What is the BEST analogy for a neuron?

A) a multi-input computational device with many output wires
B) a multi-input computational device with one output wire
C) a single-input computational device with many output wires
D) a single-input computational device with two output wires

Question 14

Based on their observations of stained neurons,Golgi put forward the _____ hypothesis,whereas Cajal proposed the _____ theory.

A) nerve net;neuron
B) neuron;nerve net
C) nerve net;glia
D) neuron;glia

Question 15

_____ are also called association cells because they link up sensory and motor neurons.

A) Interneurons
B) Golgi neurons
C) Glial cells
D) Bipolar neurons

Question 16

Stellate cells are:

A) sensory neurons.
B) interneurons.
C) motor neurons.
D) not affected by either sensory input or motor output.

Question 17

_____ are branches extending out of a neuron's cell membrane that allow it to collect information from other cells.

A) Somas
B) Axons
C) Terminal buttons
D) Dendrites

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of a pyramidal cell?

A) long axon
B) pyramid-shaped body
C) two sets of dendrites
D) one set of dendrites

Question 19

Which of the following are NOT a type of bipolar neuron?

A) retinal neurons
B) sensory neurons in the skin
C) sensory neurons in muscle
D) motor neurons

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT an interneuron?

A) Purkinje cell
B) stellate cell
C) pyramidal cell
D) Schwann cell

Question 21

_____ are tumors that begin in one part of the body and spread to another part of the body.

A) Meningiomas
B) Gliomas
C) Metastatic tumors
D) Gangliomas

Question 22

Chris has been feeling very ill lately.He has had a severe headache for a week now and has been vomiting,has had trouble concentrating,and has started losing some of his vision.This morning he had a seizure.You tell Chris he should go to the hospital immediately because he probably has:

A) the flu.
B) multiple sclerosis.
C) a brain tumor.
D) Huntington disease.

Question 23

For every neuron in the central nervous system there is (are)_____ glial cell(s).

A) 1
B) 5
C) 10
D) 100

Question 24

Greg accidentally cuts his fingertip with a knife.The next day he notices that his fingertip seems numb to the touch.Greg is very concerned about this,but you tell him not to worry because nerves in the _____ regenerate thanks to _____.

A) central nervous system;oligodendroglial cells.
B) central nervous system;Schwann cells
C) peripheral nervous system;Schwann cells
D) peripheral nervous system;oligodendroglial cells

Question 25

_____ are tumors that are often encapsulated and relatively easy to remove with surgery.

A) Gliomas
B) Meningiomas
C) Metastatic
D) Neuromas

Question 26

Glial cells are primarily responsible for:

A) the reception of sensory information.
B) the support of neurons.
C) the processing of information.
D) the production of actions or motor outputs.

Question 27

Phagocytosis,or the breakdown of any foreign tissue or dead brain cells,is carried out by:

A) astrocytes.
B) microglial cells.
C) ependymal cells.
D) oligodendroglial cells.

Question 28

The fluid in which the cell's internal structures are suspended is called:

A) lysosome.
B) endoplasmic reticulum.
C) cerebrospinal fluid.
D) intracellular fluid.

Question 29

When neurons are continuously firing,they need a constant supply of glucose and oxygen to continue operating.This is achieved via _____,which signal blood vessels to expand and increase blood flow.

A) Schwann cells
B) ependymal cells
C) astrocytes
D) microglia

Question 30

According to the text,which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Both some new neurons and many new glial cells are formed throughout life.
B) Neither neurons nor glial cells continue to be formed after the first few years of life.
C) Some new neurons are formed throughout life,but glial cells are not.
D) Many new glial cells are formed throughout life,but new neurons are not.

Question 31

Microglia originates in:

A) the ventricles.
B) most areas of brain tissue.
C) the blood.
D) the cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 32

_____ are glial cells that have nutritive and supportive functions.

A) Ependymal cells
B) Purkinje cells
C) Telodendria
D) Astrocytes

Question 33

Some _____ act as "glue" that helps bind neurons together.

A) glial cells
B) pyramidal cells
C) stellate cells
D) Purkinje cells

Question 34

_____ help generate myelin in the central nervous system,whereas _____ help generate myelin in the peripheral nervous system.

A) Schwann cells;oligodendroglial cells
B) Astrocytes;Schwann cells
C) Oligodendroglial cells;Schwann cells
D) Oligodendroglial cells;microglial cells

Question 35

Ependymal cells are associated with:

A) the blood-brain barrier.
B) the production of cerebrospinal fluid.
C) the production of myelin.
D) the healing of damaged tissue.

Question 36

Astroglia are NOT associated with:

A) expansion of blood vessels.
B) the blood-brain barrier.
C) formation of scar tissue.
D) removal of dead tissue.

Question 37

_____ operate as part of the brain's immune system.

A) Astrocytes
B) Microglia
C) Oligodendroglia
D) Ependymal cells

Question 38

Which of the following are responsible for producing cerebrospinal fluid?

A) ependymal cells
B) microglia
C) astrocytes
D) Schwann cells

Question 39

The blood-brain barrier is made up of _____ attached to neurons and blood vessels.

A) astrocytes
B) microglia
C) Schwann cells
D) ependymal cells

Question 40

Hydrocephalus is usually caused by blockage at:

A) the first ventricle.
B) the lateral ventricle.
C) the third ventricle.
D) the fourth ventricle.

Question 41

The code for the synthesis of proteins is stored in:

A) ribosomes.
B) genes.
C) microtubules.
D) endoplasm.

Question 42

Which three elements constitute more than 90% of a cell?

A) oxygen,potassium,sodium
B) oxygen,hydrogen,sodium
C) oxygen,hydrogen,carbon
D) carbon,hydrogen,sodium

Question 43

Membranes of a cell are made of special molecules called:

A) cytosols.
B) phospholipids.
C) hydrophilics.
D) hydrophobics.

Question 44

All of the cells in our body are made from a book of blueprints contained in:

A) growth cells in the pituitary gland,at the base of the brain.
B) glial cells surrounding the neurons.
C) chromosomes of each individual cell.
D) pyramidal cells in the brain.

Question 45

Cell wastes are handled by:

A) Golgi bodies.
B) lysosomes.
C) microtubules.
D) endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 46

Myelin around axons:

A) speeds up transmission of information.
B) slows down transmission as if by an insulator.
C) has no effect on speed of transmission but acts as a protective coat on the fragile axon.
D) has no effect on speed of transmission but allows the cell access to nutrition.

Question 47

Myelin is produced by:

A) oligodendroglia and Schwann cells.
B) oligodendroglia and microglia.
C) astroglia and Schwann cells.
D) microglia and astroglia.

Question 48

DNA is composed of four nucleotide bases.Which one of the following is NOT a nucleotide base?

A) thymine
B) adenine
C) histamine
D) cytosine

Question 49

A chain of amino acids forms a:

A) protein.
B) carboxyl group.
C) peptide bond.
D) carbohydrate.

Question 50

_____ are involved in transporting molecules and help give the cell its shape.

A) Axons
B) Golgi bodies
C) Endoplasmic reticulum
D) Tubules

Question 51

The place in a cell where protein packages are wrapped and shipped is called:

A) endoplasmic reticulum.
B) mitochondrion.
C) Golgi body.
D) lysosome.

Question 52

The _____ help(s)regulate the concentration of different ions inside and outside of the neuron.

A) cell membrane
B) nuclear membrane
C) microfilaments
D) lysosomes

Question 53

Mitochondria and lysosomes are analogous to:

A) power and transportation.
B) transportation and power.
C) fence and power.
D) power and fence.

Question 54

The _____ contain(s)the chromosomes and genes of a cell.

A) nucleus
B) Golgi body
C) lysosomes
D) endoplasmic reticulum

Question 55

Human cells contain:

A) 46 chromosomes.
B) 23 chromosomes.
C) 92 chromosomes.
D) 13 chromosomes.

Question 56

The cell membrane is important because:

A) it controls the amount of water in the cell.
B) it regulates the concentration of salts on two sides of the membrane.
C) it controls the amount of water in the cell and regulates the concentration of salts on two sides of the membrane.
D) it forms myelin sheaths in the cell.

Question 57

The smallest quantity of an element that retains the properties of an element is a(n):

A) neutron.
B) atom.
C) proton.
D) electron.

Question 58

The _____ is a structure that gathers,stores,and releases energy.

A) nucleus
B) endoplasmic reticulum
C) mitochondrion
D) Golgi body

Question 59

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) In the central nervous system Schwann cells serve as guideposts to show axons where to terminate when regeneration occurs.
B) In the peripheral nervous system Schwann cells serve as signposts to guide axons to their appropriate end points.
C) Schwann cells cannot help damaged axons,because neither nervous system can regenerate.
D) Schwann cells are present only in the developing organism and thus have nothing to do with regeneration.

Question 60

Which of the following refers to layers of membrane where proteins are assembled?

A) lysosomes
B) soma
C) endoplasmic reticulum
D) mitochondria

Question 61

A child who has seizures,blindness,and degenerating motor and mental ability and who dies at an early age most likely has:

A) Down syndrome.
B) Huntington disease.
C) Tay-Sachs disease.
D) Parkinson disease.

Question 62

Golgi bodies essentially act as _____ for neurons.

A) an administrative office
B) a marketing department
C) a postal service
D) a repair shop

Question 63

In _____ both an allele's own trait and that of the other allele in the gene pair are expressed completely.

A) dominance
B) incomplete dominance
C) codominance
D) cloning

Question 64

Protein molecules can:

A) act as a gate.
B) act as a pump.
C) change shape.
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 65

Abnormalities on chromosome _____ cause sickle-cell anemia.

A) 4
B) 17
C) 11
D) 24

Question 66

Proteins are assembled in:

A) the endoplasmic reticulum.
B) Golgi bodies.
C) the nucleus.
D) the cytosol.

Question 67

An analogous term for receptor is:

A) door.
B) hinge.
C) keyhole.
D) doorknob.

Question 68

Humans have approximately:

A) 20,000 genes.
B) 75,000 genes.
C) 125,000 genes.
D) 175,000 genes.

Question 69

Some membrane channels can selectively allow in one type of ion (e.g. ,K+)but not others.The ability to restrict passage to only certain ions largely depends on:

A) where on the membrane the channel is.
B) what type of neuron the channel is on.
C) the size and shape of the channel.
D) the pigmentation of the channel.

Question 70

The nucleotide sequence MOST common in a population is called the:

A) homozygous allele.
B) heterozygous allele.
C) wild-type allele.
D) mutant allele.

Question 71

Golgi bodies package _____ and ship them to other parts of the neuron via _____.

A) proteins;microtubules
B) waste materials;microtubules
C) proteins;filaments
D) waste materials;lysosomes

Question 72

Expressed genetic traits of an individual are referred to as their:

A) genotype.
B) phenotype.
C) wild type.
D) mutation.

Question 73

The mutation that leads to Tay-Sachs disease is recessive.Therefore,if a child's parents both carry the recessive Tay-Sachs allele,the probability that the child will develop Tay-Sachs disease is:

A) 100 percent.
B) 50 percent.
C) 25 percent.
D) 75 percent.

Question 74

_____ means having two different alleles for the same trait.

A) Homozygous
B) Omnizygous
C) Mutated
D) Heterozygous

Question 75

_____,caused by a genetic mutation,can help prevent malaria.

A) Tay-Sachs disease
B) Sickle-cell anemia
C) Trisomy 21
D) Vasectomy

Question 76

Humans utilize _____ different amino acids for the synthesis of proteins.

A) 100
B) 20
C) 300
D) 4000

Question 77

The _____ chromosome pair determines our sexual characteristics.

A) fifteenth
B) twenty-first
C) twenty-third
D) eighty-seventh

Question 78

Membrane channels are made up of:

A) phospholipids.
B) proteins.
C) microtubules.
D) carbohydrates.

Question 79

A series of amino acids is called a:

A) peptide bond.
B) polypeptide chain.
C) carboxyl group.
D) side group.

Question 80

_____ means having two identical alleles for the same trait.

A) Homozygous
B) Omnizygous
C) Mutated
D) Heterozygous