Deck 37: Motivation at Work

Question 1

When communicating with others electronically we are at risk for ________ because our communications lack vocal nuances that signal our expressive emotion.

A) nonverbal cues
B) egocentrism
C) empathy
D) facial expressions

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The eyebrows raised and pulled together most clearly signal

A) fear.
B) anger.
C) disgust.
D) happiness.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Compared with men,women are ________ likely to report themselves open to feelings and ________ likely to express empathy.

A) less;more
B) more;less
C) less;less
D) more;more

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Comparing introverts and extraverts,we can say that the nonverbal expressions of emotion conveyed by ________ are easier to read,and ________ are better at reading other people's nonverbal expressions of emotion.

A) introverts;introverts
B) extraverts;extraverts
C) introverts;extraverts
D) extraverts;introverts

Question 5

When communicating with others electronically,we are at risk for egocentrism because our communications lack

A) vocal nuances.
B) expressive emotions.
C) ambiguous emotion.
D) visual cues to emotion.

Question 6

While attending a movie with her boyfriend,Lashawndra started to cry during a very emotional scene in which a character hears that her brother has died.Lashawndra is demonstrating

A) nonverbal detection.
B) the facial feedback effect.
C) the behavior feedback effect.
D) empathy.

Question 7

Couples who are passionately in love most frequently communicate intimacy by means of

A) averted glances.
B) contraction of the pupils.
C) winking.
D) prolonged eye gazing.

Question 8

The most unambiguous nonverbal clue to our specific emotional state is provided by our

A) respiration rate.
B) hand gestures.
C) body posture.
D) facial muscles.

Question 9

Which of the following people is likely to have higher levels of empathy?

A) Frances,who reads fiction novels regularly
B) Brandon,who enjoys reading biographies
C) Steven,who loves action movies
D) Margo,who reads only her academic textbooks

Question 10

Studies of our ability to perceive and communicate emotions indicate that

A) the body movements and gestures used to express emotions are the same throughout the world.
B) it is difficult to use nonverbal cues to mislead others about our true emotions.
C) in a crowd of people,it's easier to detect a single angry face than a single happy face.
D) accurately identifying emotional facial expressions in people from different cultures requires personal experience with those cultures.

Question 11

To help ensure that her intent is understood when she sends electronic messages,Samantha is likely to include

A) expressive punctuations.
B) emojis.
C) expressive emotions.
D) all capital letter communications.

Question 12

A person with arms raised,chest expanded,and a slight smile is most likely to be perceived as experiencing

A) anxiety.
B) disgust.
C) pride.
D) surprise.

Question 13

Who suggested that a sneer retains elements of baring one's teeth so as to threaten predators?

A) Paul Ekman
B) William James
C) James Laird
D) Charles Darwin

Question 14

As a member of the diplomatic corps,Alex was given special training in the customs,language,and religions of the nonindustrialized country where he would be living.However,Alex probably needed little training to correctly interpret his hosts' expressions of emotion as revealed by their

A) body postures.
B) facial expressions.
C) hand gestures.
D) tones of voice.

Question 15

Compared with men,women would probably be better at

A) detecting the emotions of two people having a discussion over lunch.
B) controlling their physiological responses to a person who is lying.
C) exhibiting a natural expression of anger.
D) avoiding the facial feedback effect.

Question 16

The facial expressions associated with particular emotions are

A) learned in early childhood.
B) different in Eastern and Western cultures.
C) the same throughout the world.
D) more similar in adults than they are in children or adolescents.

Question 17

Studies of observers' ability to detect whether people are lying or telling the truth indicate that the number of observers' correct judgments are ________ than one would predict from chance.

A) dramatically greater
B) only slighter greater
C) somewhat less
D) dramatically less

Question 18

Which researcher(s)coined the term "the Jerry Maguire effect"?

A) Phil McAleer and colleagues
B) Jean Piaget
C) Judith Hall
D) Paul Ekman and Wallace Friesen

Question 19

In 1968,North Korea published photos of American officers they had captured from a U.S.navy ship.Three men in the photo most clearly conveyed an emotional expression of defiance toward their captors by means of

A) the facial feedback effect.
B) spontaneous remission.
C) natural mimicry.
D) gestures.

Question 20

Compared with the explanations we give for men's emotionality,our explanations for women's emotionality are ________ likely to focus on their personal dispositions and ________ likely to focus on their circumstances.

A) less;less
B) more;more
C) less;more
D) more;less

Question 21

Compared with a genuine happy smile,a feigned smile that we might make for a photographer tends to be expressed for several ________ seconds and then switched off ________ suddenly.

A) more;less
B) fewer;more
C) more;more
D) fewer;less

Question 22

If people wrinkle their noses in disgust when presented with a strange-looking food,they are likely to experience an increasingly intense emotional aversion to the food.This best illustrates

A) egocentrism.
B) nonverbal communication.
C) a genetic predisposition.
D) the facial feedback effect.

Question 23

Which of the following people would be able to more accurately determine if someone was lying?

A) David,who is an extraverted college student
B) Dr.Smith,who is looking in his students' eyes as they explain why they missed an exam
C) Officer Stott,who has pulled over a driver for speeding
D) Officer Thomas,who is on the scene of a hostage situation

Question 24

When viewing subliminally flashed words,we are especially likely to sense the presence of words such as

A) mind.
B) body.
C) life.
D) death.

Question 25

People are especially good at quickly detecting facial expressions of

A) anger.
B) surprise.
C) happiness.
D) boredom.

Question 26

Chiana and her husband both want to feel and express greater warmth and affection for each other.They would be advised to spend time looking intently at one another's

A) eyes.
B) lips.
C) hand gestures.
D) body postures.

Question 27

If a gender-neutral face is made to look angry,most people perceive it as ________.If asked to imagine an angry face,most identify it as ________.

A) male;female
B) female;male
C) male;male
D) female;female

Question 28

We find it especially difficult to detect from other people's facial expressions whether they are

A) afraid.
B) angry.
C) lying.
D) disgusted

Question 29

In a class demonstration,Mariah's psychology professor asked her first to walk for a few minutes with short,shuffling steps,keeping her eyes downcast;this caused her to feel sad.He then asked Mariah to walk around taking long strides,with her arms swinging and her eyes looking straight ahead;this improved her mood.Her different emotions best illustrate

A) natural mimicry.
B) the behavior feedback effect.
C) emotional literacy.
D) subtle expressiveness.

Question 30

Women show ________ facial expression of emotion than men while viewing frightening films,and they show ________ facial expression of emotion than men while viewing happy films.

A) more;less
B) more;more
C) less;more
D) less;less

Question 31

The most universally understood way of expressing emotion is through

A) hand gestures.
B) body postures.
C) facial expressions.
D) tone of voice.

Question 32

Researchers have found that people experience stressful situations as less upsetting while holding a pen with their teeth than while holding it with their lips.This best illustrates

A) emotional literacy.
B) natural mimicry.
C) the facial feedback effect.
D) nonverbal communication.

Question 33

When shown a face with an evenly mixed expression of fear and anger,________ children were much quicker than other children to see anger.

A) socially extraverted
B) physically abused
C) academically successful
D) athletically skilled

Question 34

North Americans are more likely than Japanese citizens to display their feelings openly.This cultural difference best reflects the American culture's greater emphasis on

A) role playing.
B) individuality.
C) behavior feedback.
D) natural mimicry.

Question 35

Carol learned in her psychology class that when she feels down she should take a brisk walk with a smile and look straight ahead.Carol has learned about

A) the facial feedback effect.
B) the value of facial expressions.
C) the importance of empathy.
D) the behavior feedback effect.

Question 36

In which country are people most likely to convey visible facial expressions of their inner feelings?

A) China
B) Australia
C) Japan
D) India

Question 37

If you grimace in fear while taking a difficult exam,this facial expression is likely to cause

A) you to experience increasingly intense feelings of fear.
B) you to have less difficulty recalling the correct answers to the exam questions.
C) your blood sugar levels to decrease.
D) all of these things to happen.

Question 38

When Laura acts happy,she experiences increased feelings of cheerfulness.This best illustrates

A) morphed emotional expressions.
B) subliminal emotion.
C) feigned expressions.
D) the behavior feedback effect.

Question 39

Patients reportedly feel less depressed following between-the-eyebrows Botox injections that immobilize their frowning muscles.This best illustrates the

A) behavior feedback effect.
B) Darwin's evolutionary theory.
C) Ekman's facial expression theory.
D) facial feedback effect.

Question 40

Using both verbal and nonverbal cues,people find it most difficult to detect

A) angry expressions.
B) sad expressions.
C) deceiving expressions.
D) fearful expressions.

Question 41

Maureen is an introvert who prefers to stay home and read a good book.Her friend Paula is an extravert who would much rather spend her time partying.In terms of their ability to recognize facial expressions of emotion and to express emotions

A) Paula is better at recognition and Maureen is more expressive.
B) Maureen is better at recognition and Paula is more expressive.
C) Both are equally good at recognition but neither is very expressive.
D) Both are equally expressive but neither is good at recognition.

Question 42

It has been suggested that baring the teeth is universally associated with the expression of anger because this ability to convey threats has helped humans to survive.This suggestion best illustrates

A) the evolutionary perspective.
B) the facial feedback effect.
C) Ekman's theory of facial expressions.
D) how gestures depict emotions worldwide.

Question 43

The facial feedback effect suggests that

A) culture plays no role in the subjective experience of emotion.
B) facial expressions of a specific emotion have no effect on the subjective experience of that particular emotion.
C) expressing a specific emotion,especially facially,influences the subjective experience of that particular emotion.
D) emotions are determined by one's behavioral response.

Question 44

Who suggested that,before our ancestors communicated in words,they used facial expressions to communicate threats,greetings,and submission,which had survival value?

A) Paul Ekman
B) William James
C) James Laird
D) Charles Darwin

Question 45

Which of the following features that convey important information are absent in written communication?

A) gestures
B) facial expressions
C) tone of voice
D) All of these things are absent in written communication.

Question 46

Male and female students watched film clips that were sad,happy,or frightening.Measures taken during their viewing of the films showed that the genders differed the most in their

A) self-reported emotions.
B) changes in heart rate.
C) facial expressions of emotion.
D) changes in respiration.

Question 47

The fact that facial expressions of emotion tend to intensify the experience of emotion most clearly serves to support the

A) two-factor theory.
B) Cannon-Bard theory.
C) James-Lange theory.
D) universal facial language.

Question 48

In studies such as the one in which people watched a 2-second scene revealing only the face of an upset woman,researchers have found that introverts tend to excel at

A) identifying self-reported emotions.
B) noticing changes in heart rate.
C) reading people's emotios.
D) observing changes in respiration.

Question 49

Compared with boys,girls are ________ likely to give strong expression to their emotions.When asked to describe how they would feel in certain situations,women express ________ emotional reactions than men.

A) less;simpler
B) more;simpler
C) less;more complex
D) more;more complex

Question 50

The Jerry Maguire effect explains that

A) just hearing a stranger say "hello" can provide information about their personality.
B) saying "hello" via electronic message can have negative effects on relationships.
C) the word "hello" is outdated.
D) using the word "hello" is associated with people's level of happiness.

Question 51

Research on the nonverbal expression of emotion indicates that

A) the body movements and gestures used to express emotions are the same throughout the world.
B) it is difficult to use nonverbal cues to mislead others about one's true emotions.
C) introverts are better than extraverts at recognizing nonverbal expressions of emotion in others.
D) accurately identifying emotional facial expressions in people from different cultures requires personal experience with those cultures.

Question 52

Juanita expressed happiness and shed tears of joy when she saw how excited her son was when he scored his first goal in a hockey game.Juanita is demonstrating

A) fright or flight.
B) the facial feedback effect.
C) egocentrism.
D) empathy.

Question 53

People often overestimate the clarity of their intentions in their electronic communications because they underestimate the importance of ________ in communication.

A) natural mimicry
B) facial feedback
C) tones of voice
D) behavior feedback

Question 54

People from different cultures are most likely to differ with respect to

A) the way they categorize basic emotions such as fear and anger.
B) their facial expressions of different emotions such as sadness or surprise.
C) the specific states of physiological arousal associated with their feelings of happiness or disgust.
D) how they interpret hand gestures,such as the "A-OK" sign.

Question 55

Amy often visibly displays her emotions.She does not try to hide them.Which culture is she most likely from?

A) Japan
B) China
C) Australia
D) Korea

Question 56

Research on nonverbal communication indicates that

A) very young children's facial expressions of emotion are difficult to interpret.
B) children learn the facial expressions associated with emotion by observing adults.
C) blind children who have never observed others demonstrate normal facial expressions of emotion.
D) boys are better than girls at recognizing nonverbal expressions of emotion.

Question 57

In terms of ability to recognize others' facial expressions of emotion

A) introverts do better than extraverts and women do better than men.
B) introverts do worse than extraverts and women do better than men.
C) introverts do better than extraverts and women do worse than men.
D) introverts do worse than extraverts and women do worse than men.

Question 58

Aaron failed to realize that his co-workers interpreted many of his electronic messages as criticisms when he simply intended them to convey playful kidding.Aaron's failure best illustrates what Piaget called

A) the facial feedback effect.
B) emotional illiteracy.
C) extraversion.
D) egocentrism.

Question 59

Research participants watched 2-second film clips of an upset man or woman.In order for the participants to best be able to detect the correct emotion of the upset woman,the woman would need to be a(n)________ and the participant a(n)________.

A) extravert;introvert
B) introvert;extravert
C) man;woman
D) woman;man

Question 60

Compared with males,females are more likely to cry and report distress when observing someone in distress.This best illustrates a gender difference in

A) introversion.
B) the facial feedback effect.
C) egocentrism.
D) empathy.

Question 61

People experience a mood shift when they switch from taking short shuffling steps to taking long strides and swinging their arms by their sides.This best illustrates

A) the facial feedback effect.
B) spontaneous expression.
C) the behavior feedback effect.
D) nonverbal detection.

Question 62

The tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear or happiness is called

A) the behavior feedback effect.
B) nonverbal detection.
C) spontaneous expression.
D) the facial feedback effect.

Question 63

Aruna scored a C- on her chemistry exam and so is feeling down.Her friend,Tijuana,suggests that she stop moping and join her for a walk around campus.Tijuana walks with a very straight back,moves her arms briskly,and has a smile on her face.Soon Aruna mimics Tijuana and her mood becomes elevated.Aruna's change in mood can be explained by

A) the behavior feedback effect.
B) egocentrism.
C) the facial feedback effect.
D) spontaneous expression.

Question 64

Compare and contrast the facial feedback effect and the behavior feedback effect.Provide an example of each.

Question 65

Repeatedly saying the word "me" puts people in a better mood than repeatedly saying "you." This best illustrates the

A) catharsis hypothesis.
B) feel-good,do-good phenomenon.
C) adaptation-level phenomenon.
D) facial feedback effect.

Question 66

Explain how facial expressions can communicate clues to a person's culture,and discuss how we interpret facial expressions based on context.

Question 67

Imitating another person's facial expression of emotion is most likely to facilitate

A) the facial feedback effect.
B) the expression of aggressive feelings.
C) parasympathetic nervous system activity.
D) empathy.

Question 68

Geneva is babysitting her 5-year-old cousin,who is feeling sad.After Geneva convinced her cousin to do a "happy dance" with her,the cousin began to laugh and have fun.This illustrates

A) the behavior feedback effect.
B) egocentrism.
C) the facial feedback effect.
D) spontaneous expression.

Question 69

Most participants reported feeling more happy than sad after rubber bands secured to the sides of their faces were stretched over the tops of their heads.Their reactions best illustrated

A) the behavior feedback effect.
B) spontaneous expression.
C) the facial feedback effect.
D) nonverbal detection.

Question 70

Describe the female advantage regarding nonverbal communication.

Question 71

Whenever he is feeling gloomy,Juan sings the song "Put on a Happy Face." According to the facial feedback effect,if he follows the advice of the song,Juan is likely to

A) become more depressed.
B) experience little or no change in his emotions.
C) irritate most people he comes in contact with.
D) experience an elevation in his mood.

Question 72

The view that expressing a specific emotion,especially facially,causes the subjective experience of that emotion is called

A) the behavior feedback effect.
B) spontaneous expression.
C) the facial feedback effect.
D) egocentrism.

Question 73

According to ________,certain movements can stimulate emotions.

A) the behavior feedback effect
B) egocentrism
C) the facial feedback effect
D) spontaneous expression

Question 74

Botox paralysis of the frowning facial muscles ________ people's reading of sadness-related sentences and ________ activity in emotion-related brain circuits.

A) speeds;speeds
B) slows;slows
C) slows;speeds
D) speeds;slows