Deck 34: Introduction to Motivation

Question 1

With the removal of the ovaries,a woman's natural ________ level drops.

A) testosterone
B) estrogen
C) plateau
D) estradiol

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Male sex offenders lose much of their sexual urge when voluntarily taking a drug that

A) increases their estrogen levels to that of prepubertal boys.
B) reduces their estrogen levels to that of prepubertal boys.
C) increases their testosterone levels to that of prepubertal boys.
D) reduces their testosterone levels to that of prepubertal boys.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a sexual dysfunction?

A) pedophilia
B) a refractory period
C) erectile disorder
D) plateau stage

Answer 3

C

Question 4

An inability to develop or maintain an erection during intercourse due to insufficient bloodflow to the penis is most clearly an indication of

A) the refractory period.
B) premature ejaculation.
C) a paraphilia.
D) erectile disorder.

Question 5

Asexual is defined as

A) having no sexual attraction to others.
B) having sexual attraction to the same sex.
C) having sexual attraction to the opposite sex.
D) having sexual attraction to both sexes.

Question 6

Thirty-five-year-old Marta is menopausal as a result of a medically necessary hysterectomy.Marta's sex drive is now significantly lower,which has caused marital problems with her husband.Her physician is likely to recommend

A) estradiol-replacement therapy.
B) Viagra.
C) estrogen-replacement therapy.
D) testosterone-replacement therapy.

Question 7

Distress due to impaired sexual arousal or functioning during sexual intercourse is an indication of

A) a paraphilia.
B) pedophilia.
C) a sexual dysfunction.
D) a refractory period.

Question 8

Who described the four stages of the sexual response cycle by observing more than 10,000 sexual cycles?

A) Masters and Johnson
B) Haselton and Gildersleeve
C) Hucker and Bain
D) Stockton and Murnen

Question 9

In a complete sexual response cycle

A) the excitement stage immediately precedes orgasm.
B) orgasm immediately precedes the excitement stage.
C) the plateau stage immediately precedes orgasm.
D) the excitement stage immediately precedes the resolution stage.

Question 10

The female hormones,the estrogens,peak during

A) the refractory period.
B) the resolution stage.
C) menstruation.
D) ovulation.

Question 11

The male refractory period lasts anywhere from a few

A) seconds to a few minutes.
B) minutes to a couple of hours.
C) minutes to a day or more.
D) hours to a week or more.

Question 12

Erectile disorder is one form of

A) erotic plasticity.
B) sexually transmitted infection.
C) nocturnal emission.
D) sexual dysfunction.

Question 13

Matt is distressed because he consistently experiences orgasm during intercourse much more quickly than he wants to.His difficulty is most clearly an indication of

A) necrophilia.
B) erectile disorder.
C) a paraphilia.
D) premature ejaculation.

Question 14

More than in other mammalian females,the sexual drive in human females is responsive to their ________ levels.

A) estradiol
B) estrogen
C) serotonin
D) testosterone

Question 15

Studies find that around the time of ovulation,women have slightly higher sexual desire than usual due to a surge in the hormone ________ and a slightly higher surge in ________.

A) testosterone;estrogen
B) prolactin;estrogen
C) estradiol;prolactin
D) estradiol;testosterone

Question 16

Clarissa has no real sexual attraction to others and has never been in a sexual relationship.She can best be classified as

A) bisexual.
B) asexual.
C) heterosexual.
D) homosexual.

Question 17

Amber and Tyrice are kissing and touching each other and both are experiencing genital arousal.Amber's vagina is secreting lubricants and is expanding but neither has reached a point of peak arousal.Which stage in the sexual response cycle have they reached?

A) resolution
B) plateau
C) orgasm
D) excitement

Question 18

Joan and Eric Anderson both experienced a complete sexual response cycle during intercourse.It is likely that each of them experienced the highest levels of blood pressure and heart rate during the stage of

A) resolution.
B) plateau.
C) orgasm.
D) excitement.

Question 19

The time span after orgasm during which a person cannot be aroused to another orgasm is called

A) the plateau stage.
B) premature ejaculation.
C) the excitement stage.
D) the refractory period.

Question 20

Research on sex hormones and human sexual behavior indicates that

A) the sexual desire of human females is somewhat lower at ovulation than at other times.
B) male sex offenders typically have lower-than-normal testosterone levels.
C) adult males who suffer castration experience a decline in their sex drive.
D) sexual interests are aroused by decreased testosterone levels in women and increased testosterone levels in men.

Question 21

Mr.and Mrs.Kohl plan to spend their evening watching X-rated sex movies.Watching these films is most likely to increase

A) their levels of sexual arousal.
B) their feelings that sexual promiscuity is morally wrong.
C) Mr.Kohl's sexual arousal,while decreasing Mrs.Kohl's.
D) Mrs.Kohl's estrogen levels and decrease Mr.Kohl's testosterone levels.

Question 22

Condoms have been ________ in preventing certain skin-to-skin STIs,such as herpes.Condoms have been ________ in preventing transmission of HIV.

A) of limited protective value;of limited protective value
B) about 80 percent effective;about 80 percent effective
C) about 80 percent effective;of limited protective value
D) of limited protective value;about 80 percent effective

Question 23

A paraphilia may involve

A) a problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal.
B) a lack of sexual energy and arousability.
C) experiencing sexual arousal from the suffering of others.
D) an inability to establish an emotional relationship with one's partner.

Question 24

Viagra is routinely prescribed for the treatment of

A) paraphilias.
B) female orgasmic disorder.
C) premature ejaculation.
D) erectile disorder.

Question 25

Which of the following is an example of a paraphilia?

A) erectile disorder
B) female orgasmic disorder
C) premature ejaculation
D) exhibitionism

Question 26

Two-thirds of those with HIV are located in

A) sub-Saharan Africa.
B) the United States.
C) Europe.
D) Central America.

Question 27

Which of the following is passed much more often from males to females than from females to males?

A) HIV infections
B) refractory periods
C) orgasmic disorder
D) paraphilias

Question 28

Which of the following is considered the first step in preventing STIs?

A) knowing one's status and sharing it with your partner
B) practicing safer sex
C) abstaining from sexual activity
D) using condoms when engaging in sexual activity

Question 29

Most women who experience sexual distress relate it to

A) their short refractory periods.
B) their own body image problems.
C) their emotional relationship with their partner during sex.
D) physical dysfunctions that prevent orgasm.

Question 30

Mr.Gander has long been distressed by frequently recurring urges to enter areas of department stores displaying women's undergarments in order to become sexually aroused.His experience is most indicative of

A) erectile disorder.
B) an orgasmic disorder.
C) a refractory period.
D) a paraphilia.

Question 31

During the 1920s,when Western women's rising hemlines first reached the knee,many male hearts fluttered when viewing a woman's legs.The fact that many men today would hardly notice best illustrates the impact of

A) paraphilia.
B) a sexual dysfunction.
C) habituation.
D) the older-brother effect.

Question 32

Research suggests that after 18-year-old Kalani has looked at magazine pictures of sexually attractive women,he will be

A) more likely to perceive himself as attractive.
B) more likely to perceive his girlfriend as attractive.
C) less likely to perceive himself as attractive.
D) less likely to perceive his girlfriend as attractive.

Question 33

Persistent sexually arousing fantasies and behaviors involving the suffering of self or others are an indication of

A) necrophilia.
B) a refractory period.
C) premature ejaculation.
D) a paraphilia.

Question 34

AIDS results from the transmission of ________ from an infected sexual partner.

A) STI
B) WHO
C) STD
D) HIV

Question 35

Cameron suffers from a sexually transmitted infection in which his immune system is no longer able to protect him from any other infectious diseases.Cameron most clearly suffers from

A) a paraphilia.
B) premature ejaculation.
C) erectile disorder.
D) AIDS.

Question 36

Dr.Morgan has been researching sexual behavior in college students.His research focuses on changes in sexual behavior and sexual fantasies due to watching online pornography.Dr.Morgan is focusing on the ________ influences on sexual behavior.

A) biological
B) psychological
C) biopsychosocial
D) social-cultural

Question 37

An integrated understanding of sexual motivation in terms of sex hormones,sexual fantasies,and cultural values is most clearly provided by the

A) biological approach.
B) biopsychosocial approach.
C) evolutionary perspective.
D) social-cultural perspective.

Question 38

Scott frequently rubs his body against female strangers in crowded public buses in order to become sexually aroused.His behavior is most clearly indicative of

A) erectile disorder.
B) exhibitionism.
C) a paraphilia.
D) necrophilia.

Question 39

Anne is distressed due to a persistent delay in or complete absence of orgasm during sexual intercourse.Her difficulty is most clearly an indication of

A) erectile disorder.
B) a paraphilia.
C) necrophilia.
D) female orgasmic disorder.

Question 40

Deriving pleasure by repeatedly exposing oneself sexually to others without their consent is most clearly an indication of

A) pedophilia.
B) erectile disorder.
C) necrophilia.
D) exhibitionism.

Question 41

Experiencing sexual fantasies can produce orgasms for

A) most men.
B) most women.
C) a few men.
D) a few women.

Question 42

Our enduring sexual attraction toward members of the same sex,the opposite sex,or both sexes is called our

A) sexual response cycle.
B) sexual maturity.
C) erotic plasticity.
D) sexual orientation.

Question 43

Julie,a 35-year-old physician,is a lesbian.Her friend Cindy,a 38-year-old hospital administrator,is heterosexual.Julie and Cindy most clearly differ in their

A) erotic plasticity.
B) refractory periods.
C) family values.
D) sexual orientation.

Question 44

Gender differences in sexual orientation are best illustrated by the fact that women

A) have longer refractory periods than do men.
B) tend to be more changeable than men.
C) are less likely than men to be equally aroused by male and female erotic stimuli.
D) become aware of their sexual orientation much earlier in life than do men.

Question 45

Which of the following teens is most likely to engage in risky sexual behavior?

A) Jenna,whose father lives in the home and is actively engaged in her life
B) Tasha,who is actively involved in her church
C) Monica,whose father is absent from the home and who watches many sexually explicit movies
D) Tory,who attends two service learning programs a week

Question 46

Many species of animals have demonstrated same-sex sexual behavior.This suggests that

A) various environmental factors may play a role in same-sex behavior.
B) same-sex behavior in animals is not natural.
C) homosexual behavior seems a natural part of the animal world.
D) environmental pollutants may be responsible for same-sex behavior in animals.

Question 47

Sexually active unmarried teens are more likely to use contraceptives if they

A) underestimate their peers' sexual activity.
B) do not want to appear to be sexually promiscuous.
C) are in an exclusive sexual relationship involving open communication.
D) have been extensively exposed to TV shows in which unmarried people are having sex.

Question 48

Which researcher found that sections of the hypothalamus are larger in heterosexual men than in homosexual men?

A) William Masters
B) Simon LeVay
C) Virginia Johnson
D) Philip Zimbardo

Question 49

When shown erotic pictures of heterosexual couples,it can be expected that heterosexual men would tend to look ________ and heterosexual women would tend to look ________.

A) mostly at the women;mostly at the men
B) mostly at the men;mostly at the women
C) equally at the men and women;mostly at the men
D) mostly at the women;equally at the men and women

Question 50

Women are somewhat more likely than men to feel bisexual attractions.This best illustrates a gender difference in

A) sexual dysfunctions.
B) refractory periods.
C) erotic plasticity.
D) orgasms.

Question 51

Women are ________ likely than men to report at least one same-sex sexual contact during their lives.The percentage of women who identify themselves as lesbian is ________ than the percentage of men who identify themselves as gay.

A) more;lower
B) less;higher
C) less;lower
D) more;higher

Question 52

Mark and Veronica,as part of marriage therapy,tell each other their sexual fantasies.Based on the research,Mark is likely to fantasize about sex ________ frequently and ________ romantically than Veronica.

A) more;more
B) less;more
C) more;less
D) less;less

Question 53

Sexual activity is higher among American teens who

A) have college-educated rather than high school-educated parents.
B) frequently rather than seldom attend religious services.
C) earn high rather than low grades in school.
D) consume rather than abstain from alcohol.

Question 54

Compared with girls living in father-absent families,girls with fathers present are less likely to experience

A) erotic plasticity.
B) female orgasmic disorder.
C) teen pregnancy.
D) the older-brother effect.

Question 55

Teens who reserve sexual activity for adulthood are most likely to

A) have average intelligence test scores.
B) be bisexual.
C) be actively religious.
D) exhibit erotic plasticity.

Question 56

A homosexual orientation is viewed by most psychologists to be

A) equally likely among members of both sexes.
B) associated with a lack of clear gender identity.
C) neither willfully chosen nor willfully changed.
D) characteristic of over 10 percent of American males.

Question 57

________ tend to have more frequent,more physical,and less romantic fantasies.

A) Heterosexual women
B) Asexual women
C) Men,regardless of sexual orientation,
D) Heterosexual men

Question 58

Gina and Nanette are sisters and both are lesbians.According to the research on the origins of sexual orientation,it is highly likely that

A) they were unusually fearful of boys during their childhoods.
B) they have higher testosterone levels than most adult women.
C) their father was not present during their childhood.
D) none of these things are true.

Question 59

The "hypersexualization" of girls in video games contributes to

A) paraphilias.
B) erotic plasticity.
C) unrealistic expectations about sexuality.
D) homosexual behavior.

Question 60

Both religious activity and participation in service learning programs are predictors of

A) sexual orientation.
B) erotic plasticity.
C) teen sexual abstinence.
D) paraphilias.

Question 61

The idea that maternal genetics may explain the transmission of genes that promote homosexuality is expressed by

A) erotic plasticity.
B) the fertile females theory.
C) refractory periods.
D) sexual dysfunctions.

Question 62

Jayda and Thomas have been happily married for five years.After sex,both experience feelings of satisfaction and contentment.Studies have found that unlike couples who "hook up" for one night,Jayda and Thomas will experience a surge of the hormone ________,which accounts for this feeling of satisfaction and contentment.

A) prolactin
B) serotonin
C) estrogen
D) testosterone

Question 63

Evidence that brain anatomy differences account for variations in sexual orientation is provided by the fact that these brain differences

A) fully account for gender differences in erotic plasticity.
B) are triggered by the segregation of sexes at the time one's sex drive matures.
C) explain the elevated rates of depression experienced by gays and lesbians.
D) seem to develop soon after or even before birth.

Question 64

Which of the following is a significant aspect of sexual intimacy?

A) It is an expression of human's social nature.
B) It is built on genetic tendencies.
C) Its sole purpose is reproduction.
D) It differs in gay and straight couples.

Question 65

Female fetuses ________ exposed to testosterone and male fetuses ________ exposed to testosterone appear most likely later to experience same-sex desires.

A) most;most
B) least;least
C) most;least
D) least;most

Question 66

On mental rotation tasks,homosexual men perform

A) better than heterosexual men and worse than heterosexual women.
B) worse than heterosexual men and better than heterosexual women.
C) better than heterosexual men and better than heterosexual women.
D) worse than heterosexual men and worse than heterosexual women.

Question 67

Raul and Marissa have five sons;one is homosexual.According to the fraternal birth-order effect,which of the five sons is most likely to be gay?

A) the oldest son
B) the second-oldest son
C) the youngest son
D) All are equally likely to be gay.

Question 68

Identical twins are somewhat ________ than fraternal twins to share a homosexual orientation;however,________.

A) more likely;sexual orientation is influenced less by heredity than by environment
B) less likely;sexual orientation is influenced less by heredity than by environment
C) more likely;because sexual orientation differs in many twin pairs,other factors are also at work
D) less likely;because sexual orientation differs in many twin pairs,other factors are also at work

Question 69

When pregnant sheep were injected with testosterone during a critical period of fetal development,their female offspring later demonstrated

A) sexual dysfunction.
B) neophobia.
C) more sexual behavior.
D) homosexual behavior.

Question 70

Gays and lesbians have been found to score midway between straight males and straight females on

A) media literacy assessments.
B) sexual dysfunction inventories.
C) mental rotation tasks.
D) self-esteem questionnaires.

Question 71

Compared with men who do not have older brothers,men who have older brothers are somewhat more likely to experience

A) paraphilia.
B) necrophilia.
C) a homosexual orientation.
D) exhibitionism.

Question 72

Masters and Johnson described four stages of

A) prenatal sexual development.
B) sexual dysfunction.
C) the sexual response cycle.
D) sexual orientation

Question 73

Seth and his two male cousins are homosexual.The two cousins are on his mother's side of the family,as would be predicted by a genetic explanation for homosexuality,called

A) the fertile females theory.
B) the fraternal birth-order effect.
C) the older brother effect.
D) erotic plasticity.

Question 74

Which of the following can be expected to result in large hormonal changes for females?

A) pubertal development
B) menopause
C) both pubertal development and menopause
D) neither pubertal development nor menopause

Question 75

A mother's immune system may have a defensive response to substances produced by male fetuses.This is most likely to contribute to

A) erotic plasticity.
B) female orgasmic disorder.
C) sexually transmitted infections.
D) the fraternal birth-order effect.

Question 76

Marshall,the youngest of five boys,is gay.Which of the following differences are you most likely to observe between Marshall and his older brothers?

A) arousal level
B) physical aggression
C) personality
D) intelligence

Question 77

Homosexual men have more homosexual relatives on their ________ side of the family.More offspring are produced by the maternal relatives of ________.

A) mother's rather than their father's;heterosexual rather than of homosexual men
B) father's rather than their mother's;heterosexual rather than of homosexual men
C) mother's rather than their father's;homosexual rather than of heterosexual men
D) father's rather than their mother's;homosexual rather than of heterosexual men

Question 78

Research on the causes of homosexuality suggests that

A) homosexuality arises from a fear of members of the opposite sex.
B) male homosexuality results from abnormally high levels of testosterone in the blood.
C) childhood sexual victimization contributes strongly to homosexual development.
D) genetic influence plays a role in sexual orientation.

Question 79

When exposed to a scent derived from men's sweat,gay and straight men responded differently in the area of the ________ that governs sexual arousal.

A) cerebellum
B) hypothalamus
C) motor cortex
D) reticular formation

Question 80

At birth,gay men tend to be ________ in weight than straight men,and women in same-sex marriages were mostly ________ than average at birth.

A) lighter;lighter
B) heavier;heavier
C) lighter;heavier
D) heavier;lighter