Deck 55: Social Thinking

Question 1

Double-blind studies enable researchers to assess the extent to which the effectiveness of a drug is attributable to

A) deep-brain stimulation.
B) tardive dyskinesia.
C) a placebo effect.
D) rTMS.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Jeremy has been extremely moody lately and tired.Which of the following would help improve both his energy and mood?

A) get 7 to 8 hours of sleep each night
B) take a daily fish oil supplement
C) reduce rumination
D) have two social activities each week

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Connie is a 20-year-old who is stressed by the financial challenges and heavy workload associated with being a full-time college student.Which of the following would most likely help her to avoid or minimize episodes of depression?

A) a token economy
B) therapeutic lifestyle change
C) systematic desensitization
D) aversive conditioning

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The biomedical treatment most widely used today is

A) electroconvulsive therapy.
B) psychosurgery.
C) drug therapy.
D) rTMS.

Question 5

Dr.Harper believes that most psychological disorders originate in the brain.He uses drugs,electrical stimulation,and magnetic impulses to treat various psychological disorders.Dr.Harper uses

A) a biopsychosocial approach.
B) biomedical therapy.
C) psychotherapy.
D) rMS.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a lifestyle change that could have a positive effect on mental health?

A) exercise
B) nutrition
C) recreation
D) personal control

Question 7

Antidepressant drugs,a fresh perspective on his problems,and a strong therapeutic alliance all contributed to helping David recover from major depressive disorder.An integrated understanding of David's recovery process is best provided by

A) rTMS.
B) biomedical therapy.
C) a biopsychosocial approach.
D) a client-centered perspective.

Question 8

Which of the following is one of the goals promoted in training programs for therapeutic lifestyle change?

A) long-term potentiation
B) deep-brain stimulation
C) neurogenesis
D) reducing rumination

Question 9

Which drug dampens responsiveness to irrelevant stimuli in schizophrenia patients with positive symptoms?

A) lithium
B) Risperdal
C) chlorpromazine
D) Ativan

Question 10

Long-term use of certain antipsychotic drugs can produce involuntary movements of the facial muscles,tongue,and limbs.This menacing condition is known as

A) serotonin reuptake inhibition.
B) tardive dyskinesia.
C) Parkinson's disease.
D) neurogenesis.

Question 11

One problem with the first (or typical)antipsychotic medications was that they

A) were physically addictive.
B) could produce involuntary movements of the facial muscles (such as grimacing),tongue,and limbs.
C) could cause major depressive disorder.
D) had to be taken for several months before symptoms began to improve.

Question 12

Of the following individuals,who is most likely to benefit from therapeutic drugs that block receptor sites for dopamine?

A) Amir,who complains about feeling tense and fearful most of the time but doesn't know why
B) Matthew,who feels hopeless and lethargic after losing his job
C) Betsy,who hears imaginary voices telling her she will soon be killed
D) Marcella,who is so obsessed with fear of a heart attack that she frequently counts her heartbeats aloud

Question 13

The study of the effect of drugs on mind and behavior is called

A) psychosurgery.
B) psychobiology.
C) ECT.
D) psychopharmacology.

Question 14

Aerobic exercise,adequate sleep,light exposure,and social engagement are important components of

A) psychopharmacology.
B) neurostimulation therapy.
C) natural recovery.
D) therapeutic lifestyle change.

Question 15

The treatment of depression with ECT best illustrates

A) biomedical therapy.
B) cognitive-behavioral therapy.
C) psychodynamic therapy.
D) client-centered therapy.

Question 16

Antipsychotic drugs have proved helpful in the treatment of

A) dissociative disorders.
B) schizophrenia.
C) depression.
D) anxiety disorders.

Question 17

Dr.Volz is a researcher who wants to distinguish between the direct effects of a new antianxiety medication and effects arising from expectations of the drug's effectiveness.Dr.Volz is most likely to use a method known as

A) the double-blind procedure.
B) neurogenesis.
C) rTMS.
D) ECT.

Question 18

Malik has been diagnosed with schizophrenia.To reduce the chance of developing _____,his psychiatrist is likely to prescribe a newer-generation antipsychotic drug such as _____.

A) tardive dyskinesia;Thorazine
B) Parkinson's disease;Ativan
C) tardive dyskinesia;olanzapine
D) bipolar disorder;lithium

Question 19

The double-blind procedure involves

A) using drug therapy on one patient and brain stimulation on another.
B) a research method in which neither patients nor health care staff know whether a given patient is receiving a drug or a placebo.
C) the simultaneous use of two or more therapeutic treatments in the hope that at least one will be effective.
D) administering deep-brain stimulation to those whose depression has resisted drug therapy.

Question 20

The use of antipsychotic drugs for the treatment of schizophrenia best illustrates

A) biomedical therapy.
B) behavior therapy.
C) psychodynamic therapy.
D) cognitive therapy.

Question 21

Which of the following treatments is most likely to be used only with severely depressed patients who have not responded to drug therapy?

A) a lobotomy
B) electroconvulsive therapy
C) therapeutic lifestyle change
D) the double-blind procedure

Question 22

A biomedical treatment for severe depression in which a brief electrical current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient is

A) a lobotomy.
B) the double-blind procedure.
C) electroconvulsive therapy.
D) rTMS.

Question 23

Increasing the availability of norepinephrine and serotonin helps relieve depression because these neurotransmitters

A) reduce tardive dyskinesia.
B) increase appetite.
C) elevate arousal.
D) occupy dopamine receptor sites.

Question 24

Researchers are exploring the possible use of quicker-acting antidepressants such as ketamine,which blocks receptor sites for the neurotransmitter

A) serotonin.
B) norepinephrine.
C) dopamine.
D) glutamate.

Question 25

Selective-serotonin-reuptake-inhibitors are prescribed to

A) reduce involuntary muscle movements.
B) reduce hallucinations and paranoia.
C) elevate arousal and mood.
D) decrease the availability of norepinephrine.

Question 26

Mr.McCardle's excessive feelings of helplessness and despondency are periodically interrupted by episodes in which he experiences extreme feelings of personal power and a grandiose optimism about his future.Which drug would most likely be prescribed to alleviate his symptoms?

A) Ativan
B) Thorazine
C) Xanax
D) lithium

Question 27

Antidepressant drugs have been found to be less effective than originally thought in large part because patient improvement often results from both natural recovery and

A) the double-blind procedure.
B) the placebo effect.
C) neurogenesis.
D) long-term potentiation.

Question 28

SSRIs work by

A) speeding recovery from delusions and hallucinations.
B) slowing the normal reabsorption of excess serotonin from synapses.
C) successfully leveling the emotional highs and lows of bipolar disorder.
D) stimulating the release of norepinephrine into the bloodstream.

Question 29

Naturally occurring ________ in drinking water has correlated with lower suicide rates across 18 Japanese cities and towns.

A) chlorpromazine
B) risperdone
C) lithium
D) olanzapine

Question 30

Unpleasant withdrawal symptoms following the discontinued use of an antianxiety drug are indicative of

A) rTMS.
B) neurogenesis.
C) tardive dyskinesia.
D) addiction.

Question 31

Alex feels so hopeless and depressed that he has recently thought about taking his own life.The drug most likely to prove beneficial to him is

A) Ativan.
B) Prozac.
C) Xanax.
D) Thorazine.

Question 32

Dual-action antidepressant drugs work by increasing the availability of

A) dopamine and acetylcholine.
B) serotonin and dopamine.
C) acetylcholine and norepinephrine.
D) norepinephrine and serotonin.

Question 33

________,which was originally used to treat epilepsy,is useful for treating bipolar patients.

A) Paxil
B) Depakote
C) Prozac
D) Thorazine

Question 34

Which of the following individuals is most likely to benefit from Ativan?

A) Mary,who is being treated with systematic desensitization to overcome a fear of flying
B) Mark,who is receiving psychodynamic therapy to improve his relationship with his wife
C) June,who is being treated with aversive conditioning to overcome alcohol use disorder
D) Aaron,who is receiving cognitive therapy to overcome major depressive disorder

Question 35

Lithium has been found to be especially effective in the treatment of

A) anxiety disorders.
B) schizophrenia.
C) dissociative disorders.
D) bipolar disorder.

Question 36

Which drugs are designed to depress central nervous system activity?

A) antipsychotic drugs
B) antianxiety drugs
C) antidepressant drugs
D) mood-stabilizing drugs

Question 37

To help an adult client overcome fears of venturing out of his home,Dr.Ricci plans to use behavior therapy in combination with drug therapy.Which of the following drugs would Dr.Ricci be most likely to prescribe?

A) lithium
B) Depakote
C) Ativan
D) Thorazine

Question 38

Depakote,a drug originally used to treat epilepsy,more recently has been found to be effective in the control of

A) tardive dyskinesia.
B) auditory hallucinations.
C) manic episodes.
D) phobias.

Question 39

Prozac,Zoloft,and Paxil are called

A) antipsychotic drugs.
B) mood-stabilizing drugs.
C) antianxiety drugs.
D) SSRIs.

Question 40

Although many of the newer-generation antipsychotics,such as Risperdal,are less likely to produce disturbing tremors and twitches,these drugs may increase the risk of

A) bipolar disorder.
B) memory loss.
C) panic disorder.
D) obesity.

Question 41

Which of the following procedures has typically resulted in patients becoming permanently lethargic?

A) deep-brain stimulation
B) electroconvulsive therapy
C) a lobotomy
D) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

Question 42

The use of deep-brain stimulation for treating depression involves manipulating activity in a neural hub that bridges the frontal lobes to the

A) thalamus.
B) temporal lobes.
C) reticular formation.
D) limbic system.

Question 43

It has been suggested that the effectiveness of ________ results from energizing the left frontal lobe of the brain.

A) a lobotomy
B) rTMS
C) Xanax
D) tardive dyskinesia

Question 44

Compared with ECT,rTMS is ________ likely to produce seizures and ________ likely to produce memory loss.

A) more;more
B) less;less
C) more;less
D) less;more

Question 45

Surgically cutting the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain is called

A) tDCS.
B) neurogenesis.
C) a lobotomy.
D) ECT.

Question 46

Deep-brain stimulation is a form of

A) psychodynamic therapy.
B) cognitive therapy.
C) behavior therapy.
D) biomedical therapy.

Question 47

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation shows greatest promise for the treatment of

A) schizophrenia.
B) phobias.
C) depression.
D) PTSD.

Question 48

More than 9 in 10 New Yorkers,although stunned and grief-stricken by the 9/11 terrorist attack,did not have a dysfunctional stress reaction.This best illustrates

A) systematic desensitization.
B) tardive dyskinesia.
C) resistance.
D) resilience.

Question 49

Which biomedical therapy is administered via electrodes implanted in the brain?

A) electroconvulsive therapy
B) deep-brain stimulation
C) tardive dyskinesia
D) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

Question 50

Tony's episodes of depression have not been relieved by antidepressant drugs or psychotherapy.If physicians decide,as a last resort,to administer the safest and least-invasive brain stimulation therapy to treat Tony,they would recommend

A) deep-brain stimulation.
B) a lobotomy.
C) rTMS.
D) ECT.

Question 51

Daniel,who suffers from depression,recently received a treatment in which a 1- to 2-milliamp current was administered to his scalp.The treatment he received was

A) tDCS.
B) rTMS.
C) ECT.
D) DBS.

Question 52

Which of the following individuals is most likely to benefit from electroconvulsive therapy?

A) Mark,who feels so depressed that he recently tried to commit suicide
B) Mary,who suffers from amnesia and has lost her sense of identity
C) Jim,who experiences visual hallucinations and suffers from a delusion that enemy spies are following him
D) Luke,who suffers from a compulsion to wash his hands at least once every 15 minutes

Question 53

People whose life history includes some adversity often come to enjoy better mental health and well-being than those who have never faced any significant adversity.This best illustrates the importance of

A) a placebo effect.
B) psychopharmacology.
C) a psychodynamic perspective.
D) posttraumatic growth.

Question 54

Preventive mental health is based on the assumption that psychological disorders result from

A) repressed impulses and conflicts.
B) stressful social situations.
C) abnormal personality traits.
D) long-term potentiation.

Question 55

Which psychosurgical procedure was designed to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients?

A) electroconvulsive therapy
B) the double-blind technique
C) lobotomy
D) rTMS

Question 56

Dr.Jefferson conducts research on how people interact with their environment,with a focus on creating environments that support psychological health.She hopes to help people's sense of competence,personal health,and well-being.Dr.Jefferson's area of research is

A) behavior therapy.
B) community psychology.
C) biomedical therapy.
D) resistance.

Question 57

Cancer survivors who develop a fresh delight in their children and who begin to savor the joy of each new day best illustrate

A) psychopharmacology.
B) tardive dyskinesia.
C) posttraumatic growth.
D) long-term potentiation.

Question 58

Research and social action designed to create environments that support psychological health best defines the focus of

A) psychiatry.
B) community psychology.
C) psychopharmacology.
D) clinical psychology

Question 59

Which approach would attempt to minimize psychological disorders by working to alleviate the conditions that cause child abuse and illiteracy in society?

A) biomedical therapy
B) psychopharmacology
C) preventive mental health
D) psychosurgery

Question 60

Though not performed today,lobotomies provide a historical example of

A) psychosurgery.
B) psychopharmacology.
C) electroconvulsive therapy.
D) neurogenesis.

Question 61

Which of the following is a selective-serotonin-reuptake-inhibitor?

A) Xanax
B) Prozac
C) lithium
D) Thorazine

Question 62

Considering the greatest range of factors that may contribute to the process of healing is most clearly facilitated by a ________ approach to therapy.

A) biomedical
B) psychodynamic
C) biopsychosocial
D) client-centered

Question 63

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is administered to patients who ________,and it produces ________ memory loss than ECT.

A) first receive a general anesthetic;less
B) first receive a general anesthetic;more
C) are wide awake;less
D) are wide awake;more

Question 64

Which of the following is an important component of therapeutic lifestyle change?

A) rTMS
B) aerobic exercise
C) Ativan
D) deep-brain stimulation

Question 65

Jessie lived in New York at the time of the 9/11 attacks.While the experience was horrible,he did not develop a dysfunctional stress reaction.This demonstrates his

A) posttraumatic growth.
B) preventive mental health strategies.
C) increased levels of serotonin.
D) resilience.

Question 66

Treating our mind and body as independent entities seems especially inappropriate to those who take a ________ approach to therapy.

A) biopsychosocial
B) classical conditioning
C) psychoanalytic
D) client-centered

Question 67

In promoting therapeutic lifestyle change,research has found that human brains and bodies were designed for physical activity and

A) rTMS.
B) tardive dyskinesia.
C) social engagement.
D) self-esteem.

Question 68

Professor Bensfield emphasizes that recovery from bipolar disorder involves a continuous interplay among patients' physical reactions to mood-stabilizing drugs,their positive expectations that their lives will improve,and the supportive responses of patients' families and friends.The professor's emphasis best illustrates a(n)________ approach to therapy.

A) psychodynamic
B) biomedical
C) biopsychosocial
D) operant conditioning

Question 69

Which of the following individuals is most likely to benefit from lithium?

A) Olivia,who experiences delusions and auditory hallucinations
B) Landon,who experiences a generalized sense of apprehension and anxiety
C) Miranda,who experiences periods of extreme sadness followed by episodes of optimistic overexcitement
D) Ivan,who experiences sudden brief episodes of intense dread and panic

Question 70

Patients receive a general anesthetic and muscle relaxant prior to treatment with

A) rTMS.
B) antipsychotic drugs.
C) SSRIs.
D) ECT.

Question 71

The double-blind procedure is most likely to be used in evaluating the effectiveness of

A) cognitive therapies.
B) behavior therapies.
C) humanistic therapies.
D) drug therapies.

Question 72

SSRIs were originally created to treat

A) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B) posttraumatic stress disorder.
C) depression.
D) schizophrenia.

Question 73

Which of the following drugs is most likely to provide schizophrenia patients with some relief from their auditory hallucinations and paranoia?

A) Thorazine
B) Xanax
C) lithium
D) Prozac

Question 74

Dr.Yu treats his patients with depression by prescribing antidepressants or,in more serious cases,electroconvulsive therapy.The treatment being applied by Dr.Yu is called

A) biomedical therapy.
B) cognitive-behavioral therapy.
C) psychoanalysis.
D) client-centered therapy.

Question 75

The treatment of psychological disorders with prescription drugs,electrical stimulation of the brain,or brain surgery is called

A) psychopharmacology.
B) biomedical therapy.
C) psychotherapy.
D) neurogenesis.

Question 76

Tardive dyskinesia is associated with the long-term use of certain ________ drugs.

A) antianxiety
B) antipsychotic
C) antidepressant
D) mood-stabilizing

Question 77

Preventive mental health attempts to reduce the likelihood of psychological disorders by

A) enabling more people to see professional psychotherapists.
B) encouraging depressed people to take more personal responsibility for their own problems.
C) establishing programs to wipe out poverty and other demoralizing social conditions.
D) emphasizing the importance of using a biomedical approach to therapy.

Question 78

Dr.Smith has prescribed an antianxiety drug to help his client reduce her fear of crowds.Dr.Smith is using

A) biomedical therapy.
B) insight therapy.
C) psychotherapy.
D) psychodynamic therapy.

Question 79

If a patient suffers uncontrollable seizures,physicians can destroy specific nerve clusters that cause or transmit the convulsions.This best illustrates a procedure known as

A) rTMS.
B) psychosurgery.
C) deep-brain stimulation.
D) electroconvulsive therapy.

Question 80

Which of the following is NOT a side effect of dual-action drugs?

A) dry mouth
B) weight gain
C) hypertension
D) high cholesterol