Deck 19: Hypnosis

Question 1

The coiled,bony,fluid-filled tube in which sound waves trigger nerve impulses is called the

A) vestibular sac.
B) auditory canal.
C) semicircular canal.
D) cochlea.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Dane worked for years as a jackhammer operator without consistently wearing earplugs and he now suffers nerve deafness.His loss of hearing is most likely caused by damage to

A) nociceptors.
B) olfactory receptors.
C) the eardrum.
D) hair cell receptors.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Tiny bones in the middle ear relay the eardrum's vibrations directly to the

A) oval window.
B) auditory canal.
C) vestibular sacs.
D) semicircular canals.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The basilar membrane is located in the

A) middle ear.
B) auditory canal.
C) semicircular canal.
D) cochlea.

Question 5

The 140-decibel sound of a rock band at close range is ________ times more intense than the 100-decibel sound of a nearby subway train.

A) 10
B) 30
C) 100
D) 1000

Question 6

Audition depends on the movement of ________ on the surface of the basilar membrane triggering impulses in adjacent nerve cells.

A) hair cells
B) the eardrum
C) vestibular sacs
D) olfactory receptors

Question 7

Loudness is to amplitude as pitch is to

A) intensity.
B) decibels.
C) rhythm.
D) frequency.

Question 8

Herman is listening to his favorite TV show.For him to hear the dialogue,the sounds enter his auditory canal,and vibrate his eardrum.The vibrations are picked up by three tiny bones in the middle ear and transmitted to the

A) cochlea.
B) anvil.
C) semicircular canals.
D) auditory nerve.

Question 9

Damage to the cochlea's hair cell receptors is most likely to cause a loss of

A) kinesthesia.
B) audition.
C) top-down processing.
D) olfaction.

Question 10

The low notes on a piano always produce ________ sound waves than the high notes.

A) longer
B) higher-amplitude
C) shorter
D) lower-amplitude

Question 11

The auditory nerve carries neural messages to the auditory cortex located in the ________ lobe.

A) frontal
B) temporal
C) occipital
D) parietal

Question 12

Sensorineural hearing loss may be caused by damage to the

A) eardrum.
B) cochlea.
C) hammer,anvil,and stirrup.
D) auditory canal.

Question 13

The retina is to the eye as the ________ is to the ear.

A) auditory nerve
B) cochlea
C) auditory canal
D) eardrum

Question 14

The loudness of sounds is measured in

A) volts.
B) decibels.
C) amps.
D) watts.

Question 15

Hair cells line the surface of the

A) anvil.
B) eardrum.
C) basilar membrane.
D) auditory nerve.

Question 16

Audition begins when sound waves strike the ________,causing it to vibrate.

A) eardrum
B) anvil
C) stirrup
D) cochlea

Question 17

Conduction hearing loss is most likely to result from damage to the

A) cochlea.
B) temporal lobe.
C) eardrum.
D) auditory nerve.

Question 18

Ethel is able to hear the sound of people talking to her but is unable to discern what they are saying.This may be the result of

A) auditory nerve damage.
B) a damaged eardrum.
C) damage to the auditory cortex.
D) impaired cochlea.

Question 19

Frequency is to pitch as amplitude is to

A) rhythm.
B) loudness.
C) olfaction.
D) wavelength.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a part of the middle ear?

A) hammer
B) cochlea
C) anvil
D) stirrup

Question 21

You are in an unfamiliar setting and your eyes are closed.Which of the following sounds would be hardest for you to locate correctly?

A) a bell ringing 6 feet directly in front of you
B) a pen hitting the top of a table beside you
C) a crying child standing 5 feet off to your right
D) music from a loudspeaker 15 feet to your left

Question 22

While the ________ can be used to explain high pitches,the ________ explains low pitches.Pitches in the intermediate range can be explained by a combination of these two theoretical perspectives.

A) amplitude theory;place theory
B) conduction theory;critical period theory
C) place theory;frequency theory
D) frequency theory;place theory

Question 23

Kaylee's experience of pain during a demanding physical exercise routine was intensified when she noticed that other exercise participants were in a lot of pain.This best illustrates that the experience of pain is influenced by

A) dissociation.
B) psychokinesis.
C) top-down processing.
D) synesthesia.

Question 24

The explanatory usefulness of place theory is limited because the neural signals triggered by ________ sound waves are not neatly associated with activation of a specific region of the ________.

A) high-frequency;oval window
B) low-frequency;oval window
C) high-frequency;basilar membrane
D) low-frequency;basilar membrane

Question 25

Mr.Kim's experience of chronic back pain is influenced by his cultural background,his attentional processes,and nerve damage caused by an automobile accident.An integrated understanding of Mr.Kim's suffering is most clearly provided by

A) the McGurk effect.
B) the volley principle.
C) gate-control theory.
D) a biopsychosocial approach.

Question 26

By amplifying soft sounds but not loud sounds,digital hearing aids produce

A) sensory interaction.
B) compressed sound.
C) clairvoyance.
D) tinnitus.

Question 27

Small differences in the intensity of a sound received by each ear enable us to identify the ________ of the sound.

A) location
B) amplitude
C) pitch
D) absolute threshold

Question 28

Nociceptors are sensory receptors that enable the perception of

A) pitch.
B) pain.
C) phantom limb sensations.
D) the position and movement of body parts.

Question 29

Many older people lose their hearing for high-pitched sounds due to tissue degeneration near the beginning of the basilar membrane.This is best explained by the ________ theory.

A) gate-control
B) frequency
C) dissociation
D) place

Question 30

Prolonged exposure to any sounds above 85 ________ produces hearing loss.

A) amps
B) ESPs
C) hertz
D) decibels

Question 31

A sensual leg caress evokes a different somatosensory cortex response when a heterosexual man believes it comes from an attractive woman rather than a man.This best illustrates the impact of ________ on our brain's sensory response.

A) kinesthesia
B) nociceptors
C) psychokinesis
D) cognition

Question 32

Alex tickles his brother by stroking adjacent ________ spots on his skin.

A) pressure
B) warmth
C) cold
D) pain

Question 33

The volley principle is particularly relevant to the ________ theory.

A) dissociation
B) place
C) gate-control
D) frequency

Question 34

Because of the influence of cognition,a self-administered tickle produces less ________ activation than does the same tickle from something or someone else.

A) somatosensory cortex
B) kinesthetic
C) nociceptor
D) spinal cord

Question 35

The loudness of sounds is conveyed to the brain by

A) the number of hair cells that are activated.
B) the intensity of hair cell vibrations.
C) the region of the basilar membrane that triggers hair cell vibrations.
D) the frequency of neural impulses traveling up the auditory nerve.

Question 36

The discovery that high-frequency sounds trigger large vibrations near the beginning of the basilar membrane supports the ________ theory.

A) gate-control
B) frequency
C) dissociation
D) place

Question 37

Repeated gentle stroking of a pain spot creates a(n)

A) cold sensation.
B) wetness sensation.
C) hot sensation.
D) itching sensation.

Question 38

The somatosensory cortex is activated by ________ sensations.

A) auditory
B) touch
C) taste
D) visual

Question 39

A cochlear implant would be most helpful for those who suffer

A) dissociation.
B) loss of balance.
C) conduction hearing loss.
D) sensorineural hearing loss.

Question 40

According to the frequency theory

A) most sound waves are a complex mixture of many frequencies.
B) high-frequency sounds trigger a wave of activity that peaks near the beginning of the basilar membrane.
C) the rate at which impulses travel up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of the tone being heard.
D) frequent or prolonged stimulation of a sensory receptor causes that receptor to become less sensitive.

Question 41

According to the classic gate-control theory,activation of smaller spinal cord nerve fibers ________ pain and activation of larger spinal cord nerve fibers ________ pain.

A) decreases;decreases
B) increases;increases
C) decreases;increases
D) increases;decreases

Question 42

A sense of relaxation is most likely to be associated with

A) phantom limb sensations.
B) clairvoyance.
C) synesthesia.
D) hypnotic induction.

Question 43

Memories of an episode of physical pain are ________ heavily influenced by our pain's peak moment than by our pain's duration.These memories are ________ heavily influenced by the final moments of the episode than by our pain's duration.

A) less;more
B) more;less
C) less;less
D) more;more

Question 44

People with persistent arm pain experienced a reduction in pain after receiving acupuncture with trick needles that retracted without puncturing the skin.The fake acupuncture treatment could best be described as a

A) sensory interaction.
B) phantom limb sensation.
C) nociceptor.
D) placebo.

Question 45

People who carry a gene that boosts the availability of ________ are less bothered by pain.

A) endorphins
B) nociceptors
C) olfactory fibers
D) growth hormones

Question 46

When given a placebo that is said to relieve pain,we are likely to be soothed by the brain's release of

A) umami.
B) nociceptors.
C) endorphins.
D) vestibular sacs.

Question 47

In the absence of normal sensory input,spontaneous central nervous system activity can trigger the sensation of pain.This is best illustrated by

A) the McGurk effect.
B) psychokinesis.
C) phantom limb sensations.
D) synesthesia.

Question 48

The gate-control theory attempts to explain how

A) certain nerve cells in the brain respond to specific features of an auditory stimulus.
B) the nervous system blocks or allows pain signals to pass to the brain.
C) the perception of pitch is related to the specific area of the basilar membrane that is activated.
D) taste depends on pairs of opposing neural processes.

Question 49

Our experience of pain may be intensified when we perceive that others are experiencing pain.This best illustrates the importance of

A) phantom limb sensations.
B) the vestibular sense.
C) top-down processing.
D) dissociation.

Question 50

The social influence theory of hypnosis emphasizes that

A) hypnotized people will carry out suggestions only when no one is watching them.
B) hypnotized people are simply enacting the role of "good hypnotic subjects."
C) most hypnotized people are consciously faking phantom limb sensations.
D) hypnotic susceptibility is positively correlated with ESP.

Question 51

Dissociation refers to

A) a split in consciousness.
B) a phantom limb sensation.
C) conscious enactment of a hypnotic role.
D) perception without sensation.

Question 52

Research has indicated that hypnosis

A) enhances ESP.
B) can block sensory input.
C) triggers phantom limb sensations.
D) enables some people to undergo surgery without anesthesia.

Question 53

Burn victims have experienced reduced levels of pain thanks to the distraction of

A) phantom limb sensations.
B) compressed sound.
C) virtual reality games.
D) cochlear implants.

Question 54

After giving birth to her first child,Lara is likely to recall her total amount of birthing pain in terms of her pain's peak moment and how much pain she felt

A) prior to her first contraction.
B) during her first contraction.
C) between her contractions.
D) during the final moments of her childbirth experience.

Question 55

On the day she is to be interviewed for an important new position,Rachel awakens with a severe toothache.During the interview she feels no pain;not until 30 minutes later does she become aware again of the troublesome toothache.Rachel's experience is best explained by

A) sensory interaction.
B) place theory.
C) the gate-control theory.
D) frequency theory.

Question 56

If you burn your finger,________ transmit pain-triggering signals to your central nervous system.

A) olfactory receptor cells
B) vestibular sacs
C) nociceptors
D) hair cells

Question 57

Tinnitus is a phantom ________ sensation.

A) visual
B) auditory
C) taste
D) touch

Question 58

If Jared watches a nurse give him an injection,he experiences more pain than if he closes his eyes during the procedure and thinks about his favorite food.This illustrates the value of ________ for pain control.

A) synesthesia
B) sensory interaction
C) distraction
D) psychokinesis

Question 59

People who carry out a suggestion not to smell or react to a bottle of ammonia held under their noses are likely to be highly responsive to

A) the McGurk effect.
B) phantom smells.
C) hypnotic induction.
D) just noticeable differences.

Question 60

Phantom limb sensations best illustrate that pain can be experienced in the absence of

A) sensory input.
B) top-down processing.
C) conscious awareness.
D) kinesthesia.

Question 61

In one experiment,being told that a wine cost $90 rather than its real price made it taste better.This best illustrates that taste is influenced by

A) psychokinesis.
B) the volley principle.
C) mental expectations.
D) dissociation.

Question 62

Damage to the thalamus is LEAST likely to affect our

A) kinesthesia.
B) vestibular sense.
C) sense of touch.
D) sense of smell.

Question 63

Olfactory receptor cells are essential for our sense of

A) kinesthesia.
B) smell.
C) touch.
D) hearing.

Question 64

Research indicates that we have a receptor for a fifth taste sensation,the meaty taste of

A) fish oil.
B) umami.
C) vitamin E.
D) protein.

Question 65

Olfaction refers to

A) transforming sounds into neural impulses.
B) the sense of body position and movement.
C) the principle that one sense may influence another.
D) the sense of smell.

Question 66

Which of the following helps you to sense your body's position and maintain your balance?

A) nociceptors
B) olfactory receptors
C) vestibular sacs
D) the oval window

Question 67

Kinesthesia refers to the

A) deactivation of pain receptors on the skin's surface.
B) process by which stimulus energies are changed into neural signals.
C) ringing-in-the-ears sensation that sometimes accompanies hearing loss.
D) system for sensing the position and movement of tendons,joints,and muscles.

Question 68

With her eyes closed,Sierra can accurately touch her mouth,nose,and chin with her index finger.Sierra's accuracy illustrates the importance of

A) synesthesia.
B) kinesthesia.
C) sensory interaction.
D) psychokinesis.

Question 69

One hypnotized woman tested by Ernest Hilgard showed no pain when her arm was placed in an ice bath.But asked to press a key if some part of her felt pain,she did so.To Hilgard,this was evidence of

A) synesthesia.
B) dissociation.
C) a just noticeable difference.
D) a phantom limb sensation.

Question 70

The smell of diesel fuel instantly reminded Cindy of a bus trip she had taken years earlier.Her rapid recall in response to the odor is most clearly the result of

A) tinnitus.
B) synesthesia.
C) brain circuitry.
D) psychokinesis.

Question 71

Taste sensitivity is relatively ________ among people who regularly smoke and relatively ________ among people who regularly consume alcohol.

A) strong;strong
B) weak;weak
C) strong;weak
D) weak;strong

Question 72

Evidence that people in a posthypnotic state have no difficulty consciously recalling everything they had experienced while under hypnosis would most clearly serve to challenge

A) frequency theory.
B) place theory.
C) dissociation theory.
D) opponent-process theory.

Question 73

The brain's circuitry for smell is closely connected with brain areas involved in

A) respiration.
B) memory.
C) vision.
D) sensing touch.

Question 74

People in the United States tend to like the smell of wintergreen more than do those in Britain.This best illustrates that our preferences for certain odors depends on

A) difference thresholds.
B) the vestibular sense.
C) learned associations.
D) the McGurk effect.

Question 75

Mr.Phillips is a professional wine taster who works for a large number of California wine producers.As he grows older,his taste sensitivity is likely to ________,and daily consumption of alcohol is likely to speed up the ________ of his taste buds.

A) increase;reproduction
B) increase;loss
C) decrease;reproduction
D) decrease;loss

Question 76

People experience mildly unpleasant tastes as very unpleasant if they mentally anticipate that an unpleasant taste is coming.This best illustrates the importance of

A) precognition.
B) synesthesia.
C) dissociation.
D) top-down processing.

Question 77

Drawing one's attention away from sensations of pain is one explanation for the pain relief associated with

A) phantom limb sensations.
B) the McGurk effect.
C) psychokinesis.
D) hypnosis.

Question 78

The vestibular sense involves the sensory system that

A) detects changes in your body temperature.
B) monitors the position and movement of your head.
C) transmits neural impulses to your olfactory bulb.
D) signals damage to tissues in your body.

Question 79

Within each taste bud pore,receptor cells _________ that sense food molecules.

A) form vestibular sacs
B) contain nociceptors
C) project antenna-like hairs
D) activate nearby bipolar cells

Question 80

While Bev was hypnotized,her therapist suggested that during the next several days she would have a strong desire to eat well-balanced meals.The therapist was apparently making use of

A) extrasensory perception.
B) posthypnotic suggestion.
C) the McGurk effect.
D) synesthesia.