Deck 42: Coping With Stress

Question 1

Bryce has always considered himself a "nonconformist," but on his first date with Amanda,he opens the car door for her and insists on paying for dinner.Bryce's behavior illustrates

A) social loafing.
B) social norms.
C) deindividuation.
D) social facilitation.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The chameleon effect involves

A) informational social influence.
B) social contagion.
C) cognitive dissonance.
D) personal control.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Conformity is best described as

A) performing simple tasks more quickly in the presence of others.
B) adjusting one's behavior or thinking toward a group standard.
C) neglecting critical thinking in order to preserve group harmony.
D) losing self-awareness in group situations that foster anonymity.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Just hearing someone reading a neutral text in a sad voice creates "mood contagion" in listeners.This best illustrates

A) conformity.
B) informational social influence.
C) the chameleon effect.
D) deindividuation.

Question 5

The understood rules for acceptable and expected behavior are called

A) social contagion.
B) social norms.
C) personal control.
D) mood linkage.

Question 6

If one student in a classroom begins to cough,others are likely to do the same.This best illustrates

A) mood linkage.
B) mood contagion.
C) informational social influence.
D) the chameleon effect.

Question 7

Researchers found that sending a "tell your friends you voted" message via social media tended to voting in a 2010 election.This illustrates

A) positive herding.
B) social norms.
C) obedience.
D) conformity.

Question 8

Cathy's friends see her as an emotional "downer." When she arrives at a party where everyone is laughing,the laughing and fun end.This change in her friends' behavior illustrates

A) groupthink.
B) information social influence.
C) mood linkage.
D) deindividuation.

Question 9

Ten-year-old Maria finds that her 6-month-old sister Anna will smile when Maria smiles and laugh when Maria laughs.Anna's imitation of Maria's facial expressions is an example of

A) informational social influence.
B) social contagion.
C) cognitive dissonance.
D) personal control.

Question 10

Jason has the ability to mimic the facial gestures of his friends and mirror their moods and emotional states.For this reason,his friends look to him for emotional support.Jason's behavior illustrates

A) empathy.
B) subjectivity.
C) authenticity.
D) prejudice.

Question 11

Which of the following people is MOST likely to vote in today's election,based on the phenomenon of positive herding?

A) Brenda,who is not involved in politics for religious reasons
B) Alma,who has not decided who she wants to vote for
C) Mark,who has selected a candidate and learns from social media that most of his friends have already voted
D) Derek,who dislikes both candidates and has disabled all of his social media accounts

Question 12

Hearing someone talk in a happy or sad voice can elicit the corresponding mood in the listener.This phenomenon is called

A) group polarization.
B) mood contagion.
C) social loafing.
D) deindividuation.

Question 13

Jessica is eating lunch with her friend Susan.Susan is tired from studying all night and yawns.Jessica then yawns too.This is an example of

A) normative social influence.
B) social facilitation.
C) empathy.
D) conformity.

Question 14

The practice of covering your mouth when you cough best illustrates the impact of

A) cognitive dissonance.
B) deindividuation.
C) social facilitation.
D) social norms.

Question 15

Mood linkage refers to

A) sharing the moods of those around us.
B) attributing others' moods to personal control.
C) changing our mood to gain social approval.
D) associating low levels of physical arousal with positive moods.

Question 16

Danielle is happy to learn that her best friend from her hometown is on the phone.However,the sadness in her friend's voice causes Danielle's mood to change from happy to sad.This change in mood resulting from the tone of her friend's voice is called

A) group polarization.
B) mood contagion.
C) social loafing.
D) deindividuation.

Question 17

When Lyndsay's psychology professor started looking at the ceiling during class,the entire class mimicked the behavior.This is an example of

A) normative social influence.
B) group polarization.
C) informational social influence.
D) the chameleon effect.

Question 18

Emma wants to ask Robert out,but decides to wait for him to ask her out.Emma's behavior illustrates the importance of

A) groupthink.
B) mood linkage.
C) social norms.
D) social facilitation.

Question 19

Carissa just broke up with her boyfriend,but she agrees to join her friends at the local pizza parlor.When she arrives,everyone is laughing and having a good time,so she finds herself laughing and enjoying everyone's company.Carissa's reaction to her friends illustrates

A) mood linkage.
B) informative social influence.
C) social facilitation.
D) social loafing.

Question 20

The text indicates that the clusters of suicides that sometimes follow a highly publicized suicide may be the result of

A) suggestibility.
B) social control.
C) deindividuation.
D) social facilitation.

Question 21

Professor Maslova attends faculty meetings simply to gain the approval of the college dean.His behavior exemplifies the importance of

A) personal control.
B) informational social influence.
C) normative social influence.
D) deindividuation.

Question 22

Yuri decided to delay his road trip after hearing a weather forecaster warn that a severe snowstorm would pass through the area within several hours.Yuri's decision best illustrates the impact of

A) groupthink.
B) informational social influence.
C) social facilitation.
D) normative social influence.

Question 23

When the participants in Milgram's study were later surveyed about taking part in the research,most reported that they

A) did not believe they were actually delivering shock to the "learner."
B) had actually enjoyed shocking the "learner."
C) did not regret taking part in the experiment.
D) did not believe the study should be repeated.

Question 24

Solomon Asch asked people to identify which of three comparison lines was identical to a standard line.His research was designed to study

A) deindividuation.
B) social loafing.
C) social facilitation.
D) conformity.

Question 25

Milgram described the details of his experimental design to a group of 40 psychiatrists.He asked them to predict how participants would behave.The results of this survey showed

A) they all thought the subjects would quit once they were told about the electric shock.
B) the psychiatrists correctly predicted the results.
C) the psychiatrists thought that when the "teacher" would stop once the "learner" indicated pain.
D) all of the psychiatrists thought subjects would eagerly shock the learner.

Question 26

Stanley Milgram is the social psychologist who conducted studies to

A) determine people's willingness to conform with a group standard.
B) measure people's willingness to comply with orders given by an authority figure.
C) assess how the presence of other affects performance.
D) understand the dynamics of a group decision-making process.

Question 27

If you were a participant in Milgram's original obedience experiment,it is very likely that you would

A) play the role of the teacher and get to "shock" the learner.
B) play the role of the learner and be "shocked" by the teacher.
C) have an equal chance of being assigned to the role of either teacher or learner.
D) be given a battery of psychological tests to determine whether you were high or low in conformity.

Question 28

In all of Milgram's obedience experiments,participants were deceived about

A) the association of the research with a prestigious university.
B) Milgram's professional status as a research psychologist.
C) how much they would actually be paid for participating in the research.
D) the amount of shock the victim actually received.

Question 29

Toby publicly agrees with his fraternity brothers that Ahmed,a senior,would make the best student senate president.On the secret ballot,however,he actually votes for Yoram.Toby's public conformity to his fraternity brothers' opinion best illustrates the power of

A) social facilitation.
B) informational social influence.
C) normative social influence.
D) the chameleon effect.

Question 30

In Milgram's first study of obedience,the majority of "teachers" who were ordered to shock a "learner"

A) refused to deliver even slight levels of shock.
B) initially complied but refused to deliver more than slight levels of shock.
C) complied until ordered to deliver intense levels of shock.
D) complied fully and delivered the highest level of shock.

Question 31

Naseeb disagrees with his classmates on an issue.During a class discussion,Naseeb is MOST likely to conform to his classmates' opinion on the issue if he

A) has a high level of self-esteem.
B) does not have to reveal his personal opinion at the close of the class discussion.
C) believes the rest of the class is unanimous in their position.
D) verbally expresses his own unique opinion early in the class discussion.

Question 32

The value of social conformity is most likely to be emphasized in

A) England.
B) France.
C) Japan.
D) North America.

Question 33

In Milgram's obedience experiments,"teachers" were LEAST likely to deliver the highest levels of shock when

A) the experiment was conducted at a prestigious institution such as Yale University.
B) the experimenter became too pushy and told hesitant participants,"You have no choice,you must go on."
C) the "teachers" observed other participants refuse to obey the experimenter's orders.
D) the "learner" said he had a heart condition.

Question 34

Shawntae believes that eating meat is unhealthy and has not eaten meat in years.While at a party held by her new employer she is offered a hamburger.Shawntae is anxious to make a good impression and really wants to be liked,so she accepts and eats the hamburger.Shawntae's behavior is an example of

A) conformity.
B) social loafing.
C) social facilitation.
D) deindividuation.

Question 35

Conformity resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval is said to be a response to

A) group polarization.
B) social facilitation.
C) normative social influence.
D) informational social influence.

Question 36

Nate is looking to purchase a new car.He was set to buy a Ford Escape but after reading Consumer Reports,along with several positive customer reviews,he was convinced to buy a Subaru Forester,which was rated higher for fuel economy and safety.Nate's decision best illustrates the impact of

A) groupthink.
B) informational social influence.
C) social facilitation.
D) normative social influence.

Question 37

In Milgram's experiments,participants were torn between whether they should respond to the pleas of the ______ or the demands of the ______.

A) obedient role model;"teacher"
B) "teacher";"learner"
C) "teacher";defiant role model
D) "learner";experimenter

Question 38

Conformity resulting from the acceptance of others' opinions about reality is said to be a response to

A) group polarization.
B) social facilitation.
C) informational social influence.
D) normative social influence.

Question 39

British soldiers who lined up at parade rest on the last voyage of the steamship Birkenhead best illustrated that obedience

A) leads people to capitulate to cruelty.
B) requires a loss of impulse control.
C) reduces cognitive dissonance.
D) can be an act of heroism.

Question 40

We are likely to conform to group pressure when

A) we have observed another group member voice dissent.
B) we admire the group's status and attractiveness.
C) our opinions and behaviors are private rather than public.
D) our culture encourages a lack of respect for social norms.

Question 41

How does the presence of observers affect a person's performance?

A) It improves performance on poorly learned tasks and hinders a person's performance on well-learned tasks.
B) It improves performance on physical tasks and hinders a person's performance on mental tasks.
C) It improves performance on verbal tasks and hinders a person's performance on mathematical tasks.
D) It improves performance on easy tasks and hinders a person's performance on difficult tasks.

Question 42

After a light turns green,drivers take about 15 percent less time to travel the first 100 yards when another car is beside them at the intersection than when they are alone.This best illustrates

A) the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.
B) group think.
C) group polarization.
D) social facilitation.

Question 43

Norman Triplett observed that adolescents wound a fishing reel faster in the presence of someone working simultaneously on the same task.This best illustrates

A) conformity.
B) social contagion.
C) social facilitation.
D) group polarization.

Question 44

Randy was invited to a friend's birthday party.The party was being held at a restaurant that required men to wear a tie.Randy showed up without a tie and wearing jeans.Randy's violation of the dress code illustrates

A) personal control.
B) normative social influence.
C) the chameleon effect.
D) conformity.

Question 45

The tendency for people to exert less effort when they are pooling their efforts toward a common goal is known as

A) deindividuation.
B) cognitive dissonance.
C) social loafing.
D) the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.

Question 46

Research indicates that minorities are most influential when they

A) argue positions widely divergent from those of the majority.
B) make use of emotional rather than logical appeals.
C) acknowledge the wisdom of the majority position.
D) unswervingly hold to their own position.

Question 47

Blindfolded people were observed to clap louder when they thought they were clapping alone than when they thought they were clapping with others.This best illustrates

A) groupthink.
B) social loafing.
C) group polarization.
D) the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.

Question 48

Social loafing is a phenomenon in which

A) people tend to expend less effort on collective tasks than when performing the same task alone.
B) individuals work harder when they are in groups than when they are alone.
C) the presence of other people enhances individual performance.
D) there is a reduction of self-awareness and inhibitions when a person is part of a group whose members feel anonymous.

Question 49

For tasks that are relatively simple or well-rehearsed,social facilitation means that

A) people tend to expend less effort on collective tasks than when performing the same task alone.
B) individuals work harder when they are in groups than when they are alone.
C) the presence of other people enhances individual performance.
D) there is a reduction of self-awareness and inhibitions when a person is part of a group whose members feel anonymous.

Question 50

The improved performance of well-learned tasks in the presence of others is called

A) groupthink.
B) group polarization.
C) social loafing.
D) social facilitation.

Question 51

The gradually escalating levels of destructive obedience in the Milgram experiments best illustrate one of the potential dangers of

A) deindividuation.
B) social facilitation.
C) groupthink.
D) the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.

Question 52

Job applicants are interviewed by either friendly or unfriendly employers who sit either very close to or at a normal distance from the applicants.Research suggests that applicants will like best the friendly employers who sit at a ________ distance and will like least the unfriendly employers who sit at a ________ distance.

A) very close;normal
B) very close;very close
C) normal;normal
D) normal;very close

Question 53

On which of the following tasks would the presence of observers be LEAST likely to lead to better and faster performance?

A) raking leaves
B) washing dishes
C) reciting the alphabet
D) solving a crossword puzzle

Question 54

At her health club,Bonnie,who is a skilled runner,runs much faster on the treadmill when other patrons are using nearby equipment.This best illustrates

A) conformity.
B) group polarization.
C) social facilitation.
D) social contagion.

Question 55

Our tendency to attribute the cause of behavior to personality dispositions rather than situational factors illustrates the way we may often underestimate the importance of

A) social control.
B) social facilitation.
C) informational social influence.
D) cognitive dissonance.

Question 56

Justin,who feels strongly that smoking is unhealthy,has never smoked.During a round of golf with some perspective clients,Justin smokes a cigar to fit in with the group,even though he still objects to smoking.This best illustrates the impact of

A) social loafing.
B) social facilitation.
C) social control.
D) personal control.

Question 57

Liam,who is a floor representative for his college dormitory,wants to convince his fellow board members to make some major policy changes that he knows the majority may not favor.To influence the majority,he should

A) express some uncertainty about his position.
B) be self-confident and consistent in expressing his viewpoint.
C) be the last member to speak and present his argument as briefly as possible.
D) address his arguments specifically to the member of the majority who seems most disagreeable.

Question 58

Conformity to peer pressure may lead us to behave in ways that violate our own personal convictions.This best illustrates the impact of

A) mood linkage.
B) social facilitation.
C) personal control.
D) social control.

Question 59

Social facilitation is most likely to occur in the performance of ________ tasks.

A) challenging
B) unenjoyable
C) novel
D) simple

Question 60

The fact that rotten situations turn some people into bad apples while others resist suggests that

A) social loafing occurs in large groups.
B) cognitive dissonance influences our behavior.
C) mood linkage leads to conformity.
D) social control and personal control interact.

Question 61

An unlikable person is likely to be perceived more ________ a group discussion of that person's qualities,and a likable person is likely to be perceived more ________ a group discussion of that person's qualities.

A) negatively before;positively after
B) positively after;negatively after
C) negatively after;positively after
D) positively after;negatively before

Question 62

Shanda has become more committed to reducing police violence after participating in Internet discussion groups.Because of her beliefs,she refuses to read any articles supporting police actions.Shanda's beliefs were strengthened as a result of

A) groupthink.
B) social loafing.
C) group polarization.
D) diffusion of responsibility.

Question 63

Nolan is working with two other students on a class project.He is aware that the class is important to the others because it is a pre-med requirement;for his major,the class is unimportant.So,Nolan figures that they can do most of the work and he will do only what he has to.Nolan is demonstrating

A) social facilitation.
B) social loafing.
C) deindividuation.
D) group polarization

Question 64

Which of the following is LEAST likely to create deindividuation?

A) a feeling that one cannot be identified in a situation
B) the heightening of self-awareness by taking a video of the event
C) creating emotional arousal
D) increasing the likelihood of antisocial behavior

Question 65

An overwhelming desire for harmony in a decision-making group increases the probability of

A) social facilitation.
B) social loafing.
C) groupthink.
D) the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.

Question 66

Group polarization refers to

A) the lack of critical thinking that results from a strong desire for harmony within a group.
B) a split within a group produced by striking differences of opinion among group members.
C) the tendency of individuals to exert more effort when working as part of a group.
D) the enhancement of a group's prevailing attitudes through group discussion.

Question 67

Circumstances that increase ________ are likely to reduce ________.

A) anonymity;social loafing
B) self-awareness;deindividuation
C) anonymity;groupthink
D) self-awareness;social facilitation

Question 68

Social loafing is most likely to be observed in

A) China.
B) Japan.
C) the United States.
D) Thailand.

Question 69

Professors Maksoud,Struthers,and Vasic each tend to think that obtaining a university degree is easier today than it was when they were students.After discussing the matter over coffee,they are even more convinced that obtaining a degree is easier today.This episode provides an example of

A) groupthink.
B) social facilitation.
C) group polarization.
D) deindividuation.

Question 70

In which of the following groups is social loafing LEAST likely?

A) Girl Scouts who must gather wood for a campfire
B) restaurant food servers who are allowed to keep the individual tips they receive
C) executive board members who each receive an equal share of the company profits
D) students working on a group project for which they will all receive the same grade

Question 71

Stacey's young daughter suffers from a rare blood disease.Stacey gathers information online about the disease and has found several online support groups.She tends to spend most of her day discussing the disease with others online.Her use of the Internet has provided her with support because of

A) group polarization.
B) social contagion.
C) conformity.
D) obedience.

Question 72

Masked bandits might be more likely than unmasked bandits to physically injure their victims because of

A) deindividuation.
B) group polarization.
C) groupthink.
D) social facilitation.

Question 73

Class members are asked to work cooperatively in groups on major course papers.Every member of a group is to receive exactly the same grade based on the quality of the group's paper.This situation is most likely to lead to

A) social loafing.
B) social facilitation.
C) deindividuation.
D) group polarization.

Question 74

By providing prospective terrorists with electronic chat rooms for interfacing online with others who share their attitudes,the Internet most likely serves as a medium for

A) social facilitation.
B) groupthink.
C) group polarization.
D) cognitive dissonance.

Question 75

How can deindividuation help explain adolescent acts of vandalism on Halloween?

A) Halloween is typically celebrated only in individualist cultures.
B) Darkness,masks,and traveling in a group all provide feelings of anonymity that reduce self-awareness and inhibitions,potentially leading to irresponsible behavior.
C) People are less likely to behave responsibly in the presence of other people.
D) The feelings of anonymity produce more self-awareness.

Question 76

If the political conservatism of female students who join sororities is greater than that of female students who do not,the gap in the political attitudes of the two groups will probably widen as they progress through college.This would be best explained in terms of

A) social loafing.
B) mood linkage.
C) deindividuation.
D) group polarization.

Question 77

Bob believes that the earth is flat.He has joined several online organizations that share his views and spends time watching online videos that provide evidence to support his view of a flat earth.His use of the Internet has strengthened his views as a result of

A) group polarization.
B) social contagion.
C) conformity.
D) obedience.

Question 78

Individuals who are normally law-abiding may vandalize and loot when they become part of a mob.This change in behavior is best understood in terms of

A) social facilitation.
B) groupthink.
C) deindividuation.
D) mood linkage.

Question 79

Internet communication that enables like-minded health care advocates to share their ideas also serves to strengthen their prevailing health care attitudes.This best illustrates

A) cognitive dissonance.
B) group polarization.
C) social facilitation.
D) social contagion.

Question 80

In group situations,the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint that fosters arousal and anonymity is called

A) cognitive dissonance.
B) social loafing.
C) deindividuation.
D) groupthink