Deck 39: Experienced Emotion

Question 1

In the four months after Hurricane Katrina,New Orleans' rate of ________ reportedly tripled.

A) suicides
B) breast cancer
C) multiple sclerosis
D) upper respiratory infections

Answer 1

A

Question 2

A stressor is a(n)

A) lower back muscle that frequently produces a feeling of physical tension.
B) environmental event that threatens or challenges us.
C) result of immune suppression.
D) hormone released by the adrenal glands during periods of stress.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

After being told that his parents have just been involved in a serious automobile accident,Bill is likely to experience an outpouring of

A) serotonin.
B) dopamine.
C) epinephrine.
D) lymphocytes.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

When 15,000 Canadians were asked whether they were trying to take on too many tasks at once,responses indicated highest stress levels among

A) children.
B) young adults.
C) middle-aged adults.
D) retired senior citizens.

Question 5

The process by which we perceive and respond to events that threaten or challenge us is called

A) stress.
B) psychoneuroimmunology.
C) spontaneous remission.
D) the immune reaction.

Question 6

In response to various stressors,________ increases your heart rate and respiration.

A) oxytocin
B) the immune system
C) spontaneous remission
D) the sympathetic nervous system

Question 7

The first phase of the general adaptation syndrome is

A) stress appraisal.
B) resistance.
C) alarm.
D) adjustment.

Question 8

When she missed her morning bus to work,Shelly's blood pressure rose and she experienced a throbbing headache.Her physical responses to missing the bus were

A) stressors.
B) stress appraisals.
C) stress reactions.
D) fight-or-flight responses.

Question 9

After Georgiana learned that a tornado has destroyed her house,her brain probably directed the outer part of her adrenal glands to react by

A) releasing testosterone.
B) producing androgens.
C) increasing the production of lymphocytes.
D) secreting cortisol.

Question 10

The interaction of mind and body is a theme highlighted by

A) behavioral medicine.
B) health psychology.
C) psychoneuroimmunology.
D) carcinogens.

Question 11

A sporting event that participating athletes perceive as highly challenging or threatening is best described as a

A) fight-or-flight situation.
B) macrophage.
C) Type A situation.
D) stressor.

Question 12

Physical and emotional responses to threatening and challenging events are referred to as

A) immune responses.
B) stress reactions.
C) telomeres.
D) stressors.

Question 13

A significant life change such as losing a job is best described as a

A) stressor.
B) carcinogen.
C) glucocorticoid.
D) spontaneous remission

Question 14

Estée's legs are paralyzed,but she is able to minimize the stress that the inability to walk might have caused by viewing this handicap as a challenge rather than a threat.This illustrates the importance of

A) the immune system.
B) stress appraisal.
C) the general adaptation syndrome.
D) the Type A personality.

Question 15

Stressful events trigger an outpouring of stress hormones from the

A) NK cells.
B) macrophage cells.
C) lymphocytes.
D) adrenal glands.

Question 16

Walter Cannon perceived the stress response to be highly adaptive because it prepared the organism for

A) spontaneous remission.
B) the production of lymphocytes.
C) tend and befriend.
D) fight or flight.

Question 17

Hans Selye referred to the body's response to stress as

A) the fight-or-flight response.
B) the general adaptation syndrome.
C) the tend-and-befriend response.
D) the immune response.

Question 18

The fight-or-flight response is to ________ as the general adaptation syndrome is to ________.

A) Cannon;Friedman
B) Friedman;Selye
C) Selye;Cannon
D) Cannon;Selye

Question 19

Ben has been offered a new job out of state.He is very excited about the new opportunity.As he plans his move he realizes that he does not have enough money to pay a deposit and the first month's rent for a new apartment.He also does not have enough money to rent a truck to move his belongings.He begins to feel panic and frustration.Which of the following is the stressor?

A) being offered a new job
B) having to move out of state
C) feeling frustration and panic
D) not having enough money for a successful move

Question 20

The increased heart rate and respiration triggered by the sympathetic nervous system's response to a stressful event prepares the body for

A) an external locus of control.
B) the production of lymphocytes.
C) increased sensitivity to pain.
D) the fight-or-flight response.

Question 21

Worn-out red cells and tiny harmful bacteria are ingested by an immune system agent known as the

A) B lymphocyte.
B) macrophage.
C) telomere.
D) carcinogen.

Question 22

Viral infections are to ________ as bacterial infections are to ________.

A) B lymphocytes;T lymphocytes
B) Type B personalities;Type A personalities
C) T lymphocytes;B lymphocytes
D) Type A personalities;Type B personalities

Question 23

The tend-and-befriend stress response may be more frequent among women than men because in distressed relationships women have higher levels of

A) serotonin.
B) lymphocytes.
C) oxytocin.
D) NK cells.

Question 24

T lymphocytes attack

A) natural killer cells.
B) bacterial infections.
C) stress hormones.
D) cancer cells.

Question 25

Women who suffered enduring stress as caregivers of children with serious disorders were observed to experience a shortening of telomeres indicative of

A) breast cancer.
B) heart disease.
C) a rapid aging process.
D) an increased production of NK cells.

Question 26

Oxytocin is a stress-moderating hormone released by

A) lymphocytes.
B) a Type A personality.
C) a fight-or-flight response.
D) breast feeding.

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT caused by on overactive immune system?

A) allergies
B) arthritis
C) lupus
D) bacterial infection

Question 28

The study of how psychological,neural,and endocrine processes combine to affect our immune system and health is called

A) evolutionary psychology.
B) health psychology.
C) cognitive psychology.
D) psychoneuroimmunology.

Question 29

Eileen notices that her herpes infection is especially likely to flare up during the stressful occasions when she needs to work overtime hours in order to meet pressing deadlines.This is most likely to be caused by her body's

A) reduced levels of serotonin.
B) increased levels of NK cells.
C) reduced levels of lymphocytes.
D) increased levels of oxytocin.

Question 30

In a healthy,functioning immune system,________ attack cancer cells.

A) neurotransmitters
B) stress hormones
C) adrenal glands
D) NK cells

Question 31

One option for dealing with stress,which is more common among women than men,is

A) withdrawal.
B) the fight-or-flight reaction.
C) the tend-and-befriend response.
D) the general adaptation syndrome.

Question 32

The white blood cells that fight bacterial infections and attack cancer cells and viruses are called

A) lymphocytes.
B) telomeres.
C) carcinogens.
D) glucocorticoids.

Question 33

During which phase of the general adaptation syndrome are organisms best able to physically cope with stress?

A) resistance
B) appraisal
C) adjustment
D) resolution

Question 34

As a psychologist employed by a medical school,Dr.McNerney specializes in research on the causes of stress and on the effectiveness of various techniques for coping with stress.Dr.McNerney is most likely a(n)________ psychologist.

A) educational
B) behavioral
C) forensic
D) health

Question 35

Jane coped with the stress of breast cancer by giving and receiving support from other women who were also struggling with this disease.Her reaction best illustrates

A) resistance.
B) the tend-and-befriend response.
C) empathy.
D) a Type A personality.

Question 36

To study how stress and healthy and unhealthy behaviors influence health and illness,psychologists and physicians created the interdisciplinary field of

A) cognitive neuroscience.
B) behavioral medicine.
C) holistic medicine.
D) health psychology.

Question 37

After overcoming the initial shock of having her car stolen,Marlys calls the police for help and begins to question possible witnesses.At this point,Marlys is most likely in the ________ stage of the general adaptation syndrome.

A) resistance
B) exhaustion
C) adjustment
D) stress appraisal

Question 38

Which of the following is true of a poorly functioning immune system?

A) It is overreacting.
B) It is underreacting.
C) It is either overreacting or underreacting.
D) It is neither overreacting nor underreacting.

Question 39

A successful stress-reduction program is most likely to quicken June's recovery from viral pneumonia by ________ her body's levels of ________.

A) decreasing;B lymphocytes
B) increasing;T lymphocytes
C) decreasing;T lymphocytes
D) increasing;B lymphocytes

Question 40

In response to a stressful work deadline,Jonas' heart rate increased and blood was diverted from his digestive organs to his skeletal muscles.These physical reactions best characterize the ________ phase of the ________.

A) first;tend-and-befriend response
B) first;general adaptation syndrome
C) third;tend-and-befriend response
D) third;general adaptation syndrome

Question 41

By attacking the body's own tissues,an overly reactive immune system is most likely to cause

A) allergic reactions.
B) colon cancer.
C) pneumonia.
D) hypertension.

Question 42

Andrew believes that the rapid spread of malignant tumors throughout his body resulted from the stress of losing his wife during the past year.It would also make most sense for Andrew to attribute the speedy progression of his cancer to his

A) reduced cortisol levels.
B) elevated oxytocin levels.
C) reduced lymphocyte levels.
D) elevated NK cell count.

Question 43

The closing of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle is known as

A) the general adaptation syndrome.
B) coronary heart disease.
C) coronary aneurysm.
D) spontaneous remission.

Question 44

Prolonged daily hassles such as unemployment and overcrowding are likely to promote

A) reduced levels of glucocorticoids.
B) increased levels of NK cells.
C) reduced levels of lymphocytes.
D) increased levels of oxytocin.

Question 45

Although stress does not create cancer cells,it may affect their growth by suppressing the activity of

A) telomeres.
B) B lymphocytes.
C) the adrenal glands.
D) T lymphocytes.

Question 46

After the stress of breaking up with his girlfriend,Eric came down with a severe respiratory infection.His infection may have spread very rapidly due to a(n)________ in his body's production of ________.

A) decrease;glucocorticoids
B) increase;NK cells
C) decrease;lymphocytes
D) increase;telomeres

Question 47

Friedman and Rosenman referred to relaxed and easygoing individuals as ________ personalities.

A) Type A
B) Type B
C) Type C
D) Type D

Question 48

By triggering ________,stress can increase the risk of a respiratory infection.

A) increased oxytocin levels
B) an increase in NK cells
C) reduced lymphocyte levels
D) reduced cortisol levels

Question 49

When experimenters have implanted tumor cells into rodents,those exposed to ________ were more prone to cancer.

A) telomeres
B) T lymphocytes
C) inescapable shocks
D) macrophages

Question 50

Stressful experiences ________ a rapid progression from HIV infection to AIDS;stress also is related to a(n)________ in those with AIDS.

A) inhibit;delayed healing of wounds
B) facilitate;improved healing of wounds
C) inhibit;slower decline
D) facilitate;faster decline

Question 51

The human immunodeficiency virus triggers

A) rheumatoid arthritis.
B) multiple sclerosis.
C) malaria.
D) AIDS.

Question 52

AIDS is a disorder of the

A) circulatory system.
B) immune system.
C) reproductive system.
D) endocrine system.

Question 53

Which of the following has NOT been found regarding the relationship between stress and immune system functioning?

A) Surgical wounds heal more slowly among stressed people.
B) Stress and anxiety can improve immune system functioning.
C) Stressed people are more vulnerable to colds.
D) Stress can hasten the course of a disease.

Question 54

Leesha developed a bacterial infection in a bad skin wound that resulted from a hard fall off a bicycle.Facing highly stressful end-of-semester exams may slow Leesha's recovery from her infection due to

A) elevated oxytocin levels.
B) suppressed lymphocyte activity.
C) an elevated NK cell count.
D) diversion of blood from skeletal muscles to her internal organs.

Question 55

As college students approach final exams they are especially likely to experience a rise in

A) serotonin.
B) oxytocin.
C) lymphocytes.
D) blood pressure.

Question 56

The risk of heart disease increases when the body responds to constant stress with

A) elevated oxytocin levels.
B) extensive tissue inflammation.
C) an elevated NK cell count.
D) increased production of T lymphocytes.

Question 57

The greatest number of deaths in the United States today result from

A) AIDS.
B) strokes.
C) cancer.
D) heart disease.

Question 58

Researchers who exposed people to a cold virus found that those who

A) led relatively stress-free lives were more likely to develop a cold.
B) had an overactive immune system were more likely to develop a cold.
C) had an underactive immune system were more likely to develop a cold.
D) experienced stressful life events were more likely to develop a cold.

Question 59

Who is the best example of a Type A personality?

A) Mara,an irritable,impatient teacher
B) Rashida,a highly intelligent,introverted librarian
C) Wilma,a friendly,altruistic social worker
D) Charisse,a fun-loving,self-indulgent university student

Question 60

An aroused fight-or-flight reaction

A) decreases high blood pressure.
B) diverts bloodflow from muscle tissue to the body's internal organs.
C) prevents arteries from clogging.
D) draws energy away from immune activity.

Question 61

Studying initially healthy men over a 10-year period,researchers found that pessimistic adult men were more than twice as likely as optimistic men to experience

A) a proliferation of lymphocytes.
B) coronary heart disease.
C) low blood sugar levels.
D) spontaneous remission.

Question 62

In response to stress,________ release(s)stress hormones into the bloodstream.

A) lymphocytes
B) the stomach
C) NK cells
D) the adrenal glands

Question 63

In their classic nine-year study,Friedman and Rosenman found that Type A men are especially susceptible to

A) stomach ulcers.
B) cancer.
C) heart attacks.
D) lupus.

Question 64

The tissue inflammation that results from prolonged psychological trauma is activated by the release of

A) telomeres.
B) T lymphocytes.
C) natural killer cells.
D) stress hormones.

Question 65

Although inflammation helps fight infections,persistent inflammation heightens the risk of

A) asthma.
B) clogged arteries.
C) depression.
D) all of these problems.

Question 66

Who is the best example of a Type B personality?

A) Tammy,an ambitious,self-confident waitress
B) Mauriucca,a relaxed,understanding social worker
C) Tena,a time-conscious,competitive lawyer
D) Juanita,an impatient,pessimistic librarian

Question 67

An overactive immune system is most likely to contribute to

A) high blood pressure.
B) arthritis.
C) obesity.
D) cancer.

Question 68

The second phase of the general adaptation syndrome is characterized by

A) resistance.
B) exhaustion.
C) an alarm reaction.
D) low blood pressure.

Question 69

Don experiences persistent stress because he has lost his job and his marriage is failing.His high level of stress is most likely to place him at a higher risk for

A) allergies.
B) arthritis.
C) multiple sclerosis.
D) heart disease.

Question 70

Providing and seeking support from others during times of stress best illustrates

A) the fight-or-flight response.
B) the tend-and-befriend response.
C) the Type A personality.
D) the relaxation response.

Question 71

Who would be MOST susceptible to heart disease?

A) Marvin,an impatient lawyer who often becomes irritated with family and friends over insignificant matters
B) Oswald,a purchasing agent who is very competitive and always wants to be a winner
C) Michael,a time-conscious banking executive who is always five minutes early for appointments because of his sense of urgency
D) Jozsef,a highly ambitious salesperson who is determined to become the manager of his company

Question 72

Who is the best example of a Type A personality?

A) Bonnie,a relaxed,fun-loving professor.
B) Susan,a brilliant,self-confident accountant.
C) Clay,a reflective,open-minded artist.
D) Andre,a competitive,easily angered journalist.

Question 73

After enduring the stress of a flood that destroyed her home and most of her possessions,Ashley's cancer began spreading more rapidly.This may have been due,in part,to her

A) elevated lymphocyte levels.
B) reduced cortisol levels.
C) elevated oxytocin levels.
D) reduced NK cell count.

Question 74

Professor Huang is researching the effect of stress appraisal on lymphocyte activity.Her work best illustrates the specialty area of

A) evolutionary psychology.
B) psychoneuroimmunology.
C) clinical psychology.
D) cognitive psychology.

Question 75

B lymphocytes release ________.that fight bacterial infections.

A) oxytocin
B) cortisol
C) carcinogens
D) antibodies

Question 76

The risk of death from cardiovascular disease is substantially increased among those with

A) symptoms of depression.
B) Type B personalities.
C) NK cells.
D) B lymphocytes.

Question 77

Type A is to ________ as Type B is to ________.

A) realistic;idealistic
B) introverted;extraverted
C) hard-driving;easygoing
D) optimistic;pessimistic

Question 78

Receiving a failing grade on an exam in an important college course is best described as a(n)

A) alarm reaction.
B) relative deprivation.
C) stressor.
D) fight-or-flight response.

Question 79

The characteristic that most clearly contributes to the disease vulnerability of Type A personalities is their feelings of

A) urgency.
B) competitiveness.
C) ambition.
D) anger.

Question 80

Which of the following best explains why persistent stress heightens one's vulnerability to illness?

A) Stress hormones reduce the release of fat from the body's stored energy reserves.
B) Stress hormones suppress immune system activity.
C) Stress hormones trigger increased production of oxytocin.
D) Stress hormones divert blood from the skeletal muscles to the digestive system.