Deck 6: Basic Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

The main organ(s) of the integumentary system is(are) the:

A) nails.
B) hair.
C) skin.
D) sweat glands.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

A bilateral bone marrow aspiration would indicate aspiration:

A) from both sides of the iliac crest.
B) from only the left side of the iliac crest.
C) above the iliac crest.
D) below the iliac crest.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The body is divided into right and left portions by the:

A) superior plane.
B) frontal plane.
C) sagittal plane.
D) medial plane.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

A hard protein substance found in hair and nails is:

A) melanin.
B) keratin.
C) sebum.
D) sweat.

Question 5

After drawing blood from a patient, the phlebotomist steps out of the outpatient area to answer the telephone. When the phlebotomist returns the patient is lying on the floor face down. This position is described as:

A) supine.
B) prone.
C) transverse.
D) sagittal.

Question 6

The cavity in which the heart is located is the:

A) cranial.
B) spinal.
C) thoracic.
D) abdominal.

Question 7

Groups of organs function together to complete body:

A) systems.
B) cavities.
C) planes.
D) directions.

Question 8

The outermost layer of skin is the:

A) epidermis.
B) dermis.
C) subcutaneous.
D) follicle.

Question 9

The dorsal part of the body is the:

A) front.
B) back.
C) left side.
D) right side.

Question 10

A skin cancer associated with AIDS is:

A) basal cell carcinoma.
B) melanoma.
C) Kaposi sarcoma.
D) lupus erythematosus.

Question 11

The ability to keep body systems functioning in a steady state is called:

A) coagulation.
B) articulation.
C) metabolism.
D) homeostasis.

Question 12

The basic functioning unit of all organisms is the:

A) organ.
B) tissue.
C) cell.
D) system.

Question 13

Fingerprints are formed from:

A) collagen.
B) keratin.
C) papillae.
D) adipose.

Question 14

The body is described as having which one of the following positions when it is facing forward with the arms by the side and the palms of the hands and toes pointing forward?

A) Prone
B) Lateral
C) Anatomical
D) Supine

Question 15

The thigh bone joins the knee at the:

A) distal end.
B) proximal end.
C) medial point.
D) inferior point.

Question 16

The pigment that gives skin color is:

A) melanin.
B) heparin.
C) sebum.
D) keratin.

Question 17

The plane of the body that divides it into upper and lower halves is the:

A) frontal.
B) sagittal.
C) transverse.
D) posterior.

Question 18

The anterior portion of the body is the:

A) right side.
B) front side.
C) back side.
D) left side.

Question 19

Located in the posterior area of the body are the:

A) cranial and spinal cavities.
B) cranial and pelvic cavities.
C) spinal and abdominal cavities.
D) spinal and thoracic cavities.

Question 20

The body fluid obtained from the abdominal cavity is:

A) pericardial fluid.
B) peritoneal fluid.
C) pleural fluid.
D) synovial fluid.

Question 21

Bone-forming cells are called:

A) osteoblasts.
B) osteoclasts.
C) osteoporosis.
D) osteomalacia.

Question 22

An autoimmune disorder affecting the joints is:

A) rheumatoid arthritis.
B) Paget disease.
C) gout.
D) scoliosis.

Question 23

Joint fluid is called:

A) peritoneal.
B) cerebrospinal.
C) pleural.
D) synovial.

Question 24

The body system responsible for protection of soft tissues is the:

A) muscular.
B) skeletal.
C) integumentary.
D) lymphatic.

Question 25

The arm bones belong to which type of bone?

A) Irregular bones
B) Flat bones
C) Short bones
D) Long bones

Question 26

Functions of the skeletal system include all of the following except:

A) hemostasis.
B) hematopoiesis.
C) mineral storage.
D) movement.

Question 27

The blood-forming tissue found in the center of bone is called:

A) synovial fluid.
B) bone marrow.
C) cartilage.
D) ligaments.

Question 28

Inflammation of the joints caused by uric acid crystals is called:

A) Lyme disease.
B) osteomalacia.
C) rheumatoid arthritis.
D) gout.

Question 29

The oil glands are:

A) sweat glands.
B) sebaceous glands.
C) dermal glands.
D) subcutaneous glands.

Question 30

A person bitten by a tick may develop:

A) gout.
B) Lyme disease.
C) rickets.
D) spina bifida.

Question 31

Joints are held together by:

A) cartilage.
B) tendons.
C) ligaments.
D) bones.

Question 32

The flexible part of the skeletal system is the:

A) bone.
B) ligament.
C) joint.
D) cartilage.

Question 33

The layer of skin that contains the blood vessels is the:

A) epidermis.
B) dermis.
C) keratinized epithelium.
D) root shaft.

Question 34

The small bones of the ankle are the:

A) metacarpals.
B) phalanges.
C) vertebrae.
D) metatarsals.

Question 35

When a broken bone protrudes through the skin, the fracture is:

A) complicated.
B) comminuted.
C) closed.
D) compound.

Question 36

A bacterial infection of the bone is called:

A) osteomalacia.
B) osteoarthritis.
C) osteomyelitis.
D) osteoporosis.

Question 37

The abbreviations Ca, P, and ALP indicate:

A) types of bones.
B) diseases of bones.
C) tests associated with bone disease.
D) bones of the hand.

Question 38

The upper long bone of the leg is the:

A) femur.
B) humerus.
C) tibia.
D) ulna.

Question 39

The long bone of the lower arm located opposite the thumb is the:

A) ulna.
B) radius.
C) metacarpal.
D) fibula.

Question 40

Disease of the heart muscle is called:

A) cardiomyopathy.
B) congestive heart failure.
C) arteriosclerosis.
D) atherosclerosis.

Question 41

The abbreviations LD(LDH), CK(CPK), and AST(SGOT) refer to:

A) electrolytes of the heart.
B) types of heart muscle.
C) enzymes from the heart muscle.
D) diseases of the heart.

Question 42

Phlebotomists who are not immune to chickenpox may be infected by patients with:

A) multiple sclerosis.
B) cerebral palsy.
C) neurofibromatosis.
D) shingles.

Question 43

The nervous system that is made up of the brain and spinal cord is the:

A) central nervous system.
B) peripheral nervous system.
C) autonomic nervous system.
D) voluntary nervous system.

Question 44

The body system that maintains posture and produces heat is the:

A) skeletal.
B) circulatory.
C) muscular.
D) lymphatic.

Question 45

An inherited group of muscle disorders in which the muscle atrophies is:

A) poliomyelitis.
B) muscular dystrophy.
C) myasthenia gravis.
D) carpal tunnel syndrome.

Question 46

Muscles are attached to bones by:

A) ligaments.
B) tendons.
C) cartilage.
D) joints.

Question 47

An infection of the nerves that control skeletal muscle movement is:

A) muscular dystrophy.
B) myasthenia gravis.
C) poliomyelitis.
D) myalgia.

Question 48

Muscle tissue that has stripes when viewed under the microscope is said to be:

A) smooth.
B) visceral.
C) striated.
D) nonstriated.

Question 49

The specialized cell of the nervous system is the:

A) nephron.
B) neuron.
C) axon.
D) alveoli.

Question 50

Moving toward the midline of the body is:

A) supination.
B) pronation.
C) abduction.
D) adduction.

Question 51

The protective shock-absorbent coating covering the central nervous system is the:

A) axon.
B) dendrite.
C) meninges.
D) myelin sheath.

Question 52

Blood vessels contain:

A) cardiac muscle.
B) nonstriated muscle.
C) skeletal muscle.
D) striated muscle.

Question 53

The largest part of the brain is the:

A) cerebrum.
B) cerebellum.
C) medulla oblongata.
D) pons.

Question 54

The point where the axon of one neuron and the dendrites of another neuron comes together is called a:

A) synapse.
B) neurojunction.
C) joint.
D) brain.

Question 55

The neuron that carries impulses from the central nervous system is the:

A) motor.
B) sensory.
C) central.
D) visceral.

Question 56

The fluid that fills the spaces of the meninges and acts as a cushion for the brain and spinal cord is:

A) synovial fluid.
B) peritoneal fluid.
C) cerebrospinal fluid.
D) amniotic fluid.

Question 57

A stroke is called a(an):

A) electroencephalogram (EEG).
B) electrocardiogram (ECG).
C) multiple sclerosis (MS).
D) cerebrovascular accident (CVA).

Question 58

Inflammation of the .meninges caused by a bacterial or viral infection is called:

A) poliomyelitis.
B) chondrosarcoma.
C) meningitis.
D) cerebral palsy.

Question 59

A cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis may include:

A) protein and glucose levels.
B) cell counts.
C) cultures.
D) all of the above

Question 60

Body temperature is maintained by the heat produced in muscle:

A) contraction.
B) relaxation.
C) insertion.
D) origin.

Question 61

A condition caused by allergies that produces difficult breathing is:

A) pleurisy.
B) tuberculosis.
C) pulmonary edema.
D) asthma.

Question 62

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can develop from:

A) rhinitis.
B) laryngitis.
C) emphysema.
D) tuberculosis.

Question 63

Congestive heart failure may produce:

A) pleurisy.
B) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
C) infant respiratory distress syndrome.
D) pulmonary edema.

Question 64

Digestion takes place in the:

A) esophagus.
B) appendix.
C) gall bladder.
D) stomach.

Question 65

A lung infection in which the alveoli become inflamed and filled with fluid is:

A) laryngitis.
B) asthma.
C) pneumonia.
D) rhinitis.

Question 66

Air enters the respiratory system and is filtered by the:

A) larynx.
B) trachea.
C) nose.
D) bronchiole.

Question 67

An accessory organ of the gastrointestinal tract is the:

A) mouth.
B) stomach.
C) liver.
D) large intestine.

Question 68

A laboratory test that evaluates liver function is:

A) lipase.
B) bilirubin.
C) carotene.
D) amylase.

Question 69

Hepatitis is a(an):

A) inflammation of the stomach.
B) blood tumor.
C) inflammation of the liver.
D) tumor of the pancreas.

Question 70

The breakdown of food is called:

A) digestion.
B) absorption.
C) elimination.
D) peristalsis.

Question 71

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place in the:

A) nose.
B) pharynx.
C) trachea.
D) lungs.

Question 72

The structure of the respiratory system that contains the vocal cords is the:

A) pharynx.
B) larynx.
C) epiglottis.
D) throat.

Question 73

A skin test (PPD) would be ordered for the detection of:

A) bronchitis.
B) tuberculosis.
C) rhinitis.
D) tonsillitis.

Question 74

The condition of decreased oxygen in the tissues is:

A) anoxia.
B) hypoxia.
C) eupnea.
D) apnea.

Question 75

An organ of the digestive system with no digestive function is the:

A) appendix.
B) teeth.
C) salivary glands.
D) small intestine.

Question 76

Inflammation of the stomach and intestinal tract is called:

A) enteritis.
B) gastritis.
C) gastroenteritis.
D) peritonitis.

Question 77

The O₂ and CO₂ exchange between the air and blood occurs in the:

A) arteries.
B) alveoli.
C) veins.
D) pharynx.

Question 78

Food is propelled to the stomach by:

A) absorption.
B) digestion.
C) elimination.
D) peristalsis.

Question 79

The small subdivision of the bronchus is the:

A) bronchi.
B) pleura.
C) trachea.
D) bronchiole.

Question 80

The throat is called the:

A) pharynx.
B) larynx.
C) trachea.
D) alveoli.