Deck 15: Urinary System Diseases and Disorders

Question 1

Polycystic kidney disease:

A) Causes multiple fluid-filled sacs or cysts in the renal tubules.
B) Is one of the most common hereditary disorders in the United States.
C) Both A and B
D) None of the above

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Acute pyelonephritis requires minimization of symptoms through:

A) Preventing UTIs and controlling secondary hypertension.
B) A diet high in protein.
C) Antipyretics.
D) Ingestion of large quantities of cranberry juice.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Kidneys:

A) Help regulate the water and electrolyte balance and the acid-base content of the blood.
B) Filter waste products of metabolism.
C) Provide energy from the body's digestion.
D) Both A and B

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Urinalysis includes testing the:

A) Specific gravity, pH, presence of protein, blood, sugar, and ketones.
B) Filtration of wastes.
C) Urine for microorganisms.
D) Urine for a rapid sedimentation rate.

Question 5

The definitive diagnostic sign(s) of nephrotic syndrome is/are:

A) Shortness of breath and anorexia.
B) The presence of corticosteroids in the blood.
C) Renal biopsy.
D) Hyperlipemia.

Question 6

Incontinence is the:

A) Inability of the kidneys to produce urine.
B) Common symptom of neurogenic bladder.
C) Inability to control urination.
D) Both B and C

Question 7

Microscopic examination of urine looks for the presence of:

A) Viral and bacterial infestation.
B) Any peculiar odor.
C) Blood cells, casts, bacteria, and crystals.
D) Any genetic defect.

Question 8

Treatment of ESRD aims to:

A) Relieve symptoms and guard against complications.
B) Retard deterioration of remaining renal function.
C) Help the body compensate for existing impairment.
D) All of the above

Question 9

Inflammation of the bladder is called:

A) Urethritis.
B) Nephritis.
C) Cystitis.
D) Ureteritis.

Question 10

Renal calculi are:

A) An uncommon cause of urinary obstruction.
B) Also called uroliths or kidney stones.
C) Often caused by hypoparathyroidism.
D) Caused by an insufficient amount of vitamin D intake.

Question 11

Scanty or little urination is called:

A) Hematuria.
B) Oliguria.
C) Dysuria.
D) None of the above

Question 12

Acute tubular necrosis:

A) Is due to renal ischemia.
B) Is a common cause of acute renal failure in older adults.
C) Results in hypokalemia.
D) Both B and C

Question 13

Symptoms of pyelonephritis include all of the following except:

A) Pyuria.
B) Dysuria.
C) Nocturia.
D) Glycosuria.

Question 14

Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by severe:

A) Proteinuria.
B) Nocturia.
C) Polyuria.
D) Dysuria.

Question 15

ESRD:

A) Is not caused by diabetes mellitus or hypertension.
B) Has a good prognosis.
C) Is the gradual, progressive deterioration of kidney function.
D) Is more common in children.

Question 16

Glomerulonephritis usually follows which of the following?

A) HIV infection
B) Streptococcal infection of the respiratory tract
C) Staphylococcal infection
D) A birth defect

Question 17

Polycystic kidney disease:

A) Comes in three forms, each due to a genetic defect.
B) Creates symptoms of colic and flank pain and blood in urine.
C) Is clearly identified on an MRI.
D) Rarely leads to kidney dialysis.

Question 18

Acute pyelonephritis is:

A) Inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis.
B) Due to infection, most commonly the Escherichia coli bacteria.
C) Determined partly by culture and sensitivity tests on a clean-catch urine specimen.
D) All of the above

Question 19

During a physical examination and diagnosis of polycystic kidney disease, the physician may find:

A) Atrophied kidneys.
B) Hypertension.
C) Nephritis.
D) Lower-than-normal body temperature.

Question 20

Causes of ESRD include:

A) Diabetes.
B) Pregnancy.
C) Fevers.
D) All of the above

Question 21

Acute tubular necrosis is the rapid destruction of the tubular segments of the renal pelvis in the kidneys.

Question 22

Immunosuppressive drugs given to kidney transplant clients, make the clients more susceptible to infections and other diseases.

Question 23

Peritoneal dialysis can be performed by individuals themselves.

Question 24

Tumors of the bladder are almost always malignant, and they metastasize readily.

Question 25

Renal cell carcinoma is the most common type of kidney cancer.

Question 26

A person suffering from a renal calculi has no feeling of urgency.

Question 27

Surgery is sometimes required to dilate a ureteral stricture.

Question 28

Another name for hemodialysis is extracorporeal lithotripsy.

Question 29

Preventive measures for UTI include complete emptying of the bladder and avoiding "holding urine."

Question 30

The urinary system is responsible for filtering the blood and eliminating the wastes from the body.

Question 31

Continuous renal replacement therapy is generally used in an ambulatory care center.

Question 32

Renal calculi are the most common cause of urinary obstruction.

Question 33

The prognosis for individuals with acute glomerulonephritis is good.

Question 34

Antibiotics are not the treatment of choice for UTI.

Question 35

Large amounts of the fluid that pass through a nephron are excreted as urine.

Question 36

Most urinary tract infections begin in the kidneys and travel down throughout the urinary tract.

Question 37

Complementary therapy for UTIs includes drinking pure and unsweetened blueberry or cranberry juice.

Question 38

No treatment will stop the course of polycystic kidney disease.

Question 39

In any cancer of the urinary system, treatment protocol is determined by the stage and spread of the cancer.

Question 40

The prognosis for nephrotic syndrome is not good in adults, as it is probably a manifestation of a serious progressive kidney disorder.

Question 41

Match the terms with their definitions.
a.Kidney stone
b.Lack of color
c.Produced when protein-containing foods are broken down in the body
d.Distention of the renal pelvis and calyces
e.Unusually high amounts of nitrogenous compounds in the blood
f.Ionized salt
g.Difficult or painful urination
h.Cuplike extension of the renal pelvis
i.Excessive amounts of potassium in the blood
j.Procedure through the urethra to remove cancerous tissue from the bladder
Calyx

Question 42

Match the terms with their definitions.
a.Kidney stone
b.Lack of color
c.Produced when protein-containing foods are broken down in the body
d.Distention of the renal pelvis and calyces
e.Unusually high amounts of nitrogenous compounds in the blood
f.Ionized salt
g.Difficult or painful urination
h.Cuplike extension of the renal pelvis
i.Excessive amounts of potassium in the blood
j.Procedure through the urethra to remove cancerous tissue from the bladder
Dysuria

Question 43

Match the terms with their definitions.
a.Kidney stone
b.Lack of color
c.Produced when protein-containing foods are broken down in the body
d.Distention of the renal pelvis and calyces
e.Unusually high amounts of nitrogenous compounds in the blood
f.Ionized salt
g.Difficult or painful urination
h.Cuplike extension of the renal pelvis
i.Excessive amounts of potassium in the blood
j.Procedure through the urethra to remove cancerous tissue from the bladder
Electrolyte

Question 44

Match the terms with their definitions.
a.Kidney stone
b.Lack of color
c.Produced when protein-containing foods are broken down in the body
d.Distention of the renal pelvis and calyces
e.Unusually high amounts of nitrogenous compounds in the blood
f.Ionized salt
g.Difficult or painful urination
h.Cuplike extension of the renal pelvis
i.Excessive amounts of potassium in the blood
j.Procedure through the urethra to remove cancerous tissue from the bladder
Urea

Question 45

Match the terms with their definitions.
a.Kidney stone
b.Lack of color
c.Produced when protein-containing foods are broken down in the body
d.Distention of the renal pelvis and calyces
e.Unusually high amounts of nitrogenous compounds in the blood
f.Ionized salt
g.Difficult or painful urination
h.Cuplike extension of the renal pelvis
i.Excessive amounts of potassium in the blood
j.Procedure through the urethra to remove cancerous tissue from the bladder
Hyperkalemia

Question 46

Match the terms with their definitions.
a.Kidney stone
b.Lack of color
c.Produced when protein-containing foods are broken down in the body
d.Distention of the renal pelvis and calyces
e.Unusually high amounts of nitrogenous compounds in the blood
f.Ionized salt
g.Difficult or painful urination
h.Cuplike extension of the renal pelvis
i.Excessive amounts of potassium in the blood
j.Procedure through the urethra to remove cancerous tissue from the bladder
Azotemia

Question 47

Match the terms with their definitions.
a.Kidney stone
b.Lack of color
c.Produced when protein-containing foods are broken down in the body
d.Distention of the renal pelvis and calyces
e.Unusually high amounts of nitrogenous compounds in the blood
f.Ionized salt
g.Difficult or painful urination
h.Cuplike extension of the renal pelvis
i.Excessive amounts of potassium in the blood
j.Procedure through the urethra to remove cancerous tissue from the bladder
Transurethral resection

Question 48

Match the terms with their definitions.
a.Kidney stone
b.Lack of color
c.Produced when protein-containing foods are broken down in the body
d.Distention of the renal pelvis and calyces
e.Unusually high amounts of nitrogenous compounds in the blood
f.Ionized salt
g.Difficult or painful urination
h.Cuplike extension of the renal pelvis
i.Excessive amounts of potassium in the blood
j.Procedure through the urethra to remove cancerous tissue from the bladder
Hydronephrosis

Question 49

Match the terms with their definitions.
a.Kidney stone
b.Lack of color
c.Produced when protein-containing foods are broken down in the body
d.Distention of the renal pelvis and calyces
e.Unusually high amounts of nitrogenous compounds in the blood
f.Ionized salt
g.Difficult or painful urination
h.Cuplike extension of the renal pelvis
i.Excessive amounts of potassium in the blood
j.Procedure through the urethra to remove cancerous tissue from the bladder
Pallor

Question 50

Match the terms with their definitions.
a.Kidney stone
b.Lack of color
c.Produced when protein-containing foods are broken down in the body
d.Distention of the renal pelvis and calyces
e.Unusually high amounts of nitrogenous compounds in the blood
f.Ionized salt
g.Difficult or painful urination
h.Cuplike extension of the renal pelvis
i.Excessive amounts of potassium in the blood
j.Procedure through the urethra to remove cancerous tissue from the bladder
Urolith