Deck 3: Health, Illness, and Disparities

Question 1

A camp nurse is teaching a group of adolescent girls about the importance of monthly breast self-examination. What level of preventive care does this activity represent?

A) Primary
B) Secondary
C) Tertiary
D) Restorative

Answer 1

Primary

Question 2

Which of the following activities related to respiratory health is an example of tertiary health promotion and illness prevention?

A) Administering a nebulized bronchodilator to a client who is short of breath
B) Assisting with lung function testing of a client to help determine a diagnosis
C) Teaching a client that "light" cigarettes do not prevent lung disease
D) Advocating politically for more explicit warning labels on cigarette packages

Answer 2

Administering a nebulized bronchodilator to a client who is short of breath

Question 3

A homeless client has been brought to the emergency department (ED) by ambulance after being found unresponsive outside a mall. The client is known to the ED staff as having bipolar disorder, and assessment reveals likely cellulitis on his left ankle. He is febrile with a productive cough, and the care team suspects pneumonia. A sputum culture for tuberculosis has been obtained and sent to the laboratory. Which of the following aspects of the client's medical condition would be considered a chronic condition?

A) Bipolar disorder
B) Pneumonia
C) Cellulitis
D) Tuberculosis

Answer 3

Bipolar disorder

Question 4

A baby is born with Down syndrome, which influences his health-illness status. This is an example of which of the following human dimensions?

A) Physical
B) Emotional
C) Environmental
D) Sociocultural

Question 5

The nurse is preparing a care plan for an African American man age 68 years who was recently diagnosed with hypertension. Age, race, gender, and genetic inheritance are examples of what human dimension?

A) Physical
B) Emotional
C) Environmental
D) Sociocultural

Question 6

Which of the following statements illustrates the effect of the sociocultural dimension on health and illness?

A) "Why shouldn't I drink and drive? Everyone else does."
B) "My mother has sickle cell anemia, and so do I."
C) "I know I have heart problems, so I have changed my diet."
D) "I used biofeedback to lower my blood pressure."

Question 7

A nurse calls in to his unit to report he has the flu and will not be at work. What stage of illness behavior is he exhibiting?

A) Experiencing symptoms
B) Assuming the sick role
C) Assuming a dependent role
D) Achieving recovery and rehabilitation

Question 8

What may happen to the family when one of the family members suffers an illness?

A) Alterations in values and religious beliefs
B) More public displays of affection
C) Changes in roles for the client and family
D) Increased resistance to stress

Question 9

A child age 4 years has leukemia but is now in remission. What does it mean to be in remission when one has a chronic illness?

A) The chronic disease has been cured.
B) Nothing further can be done in terms of treatment.
C) Severe symptoms of the chronic illness have reappeared.
D) The disease is present, but symptoms are not experienced.

Question 10

Which of the following statements accurately describes the concepts of disease and illness?

A) A disease is traditionally diagnosed and treated by a nurse.
B) The focus of nurses is the person with an illness.
C) A person with an illness cannot be considered healthy.
D) Illness is a normal process that affects level of functioning.

Question 11

What phrase best describes health?

A) Individually defined by each person
B) Experienced by each person in exactly the same way
C) The opposite of illness
D) The absence of disease

Question 12

A nurse is caring for a client who is in the remission state of leukemia. The client expresses anxiety about the recurrence of leukemia. The client feels depressed when thinking about the outcome of leukemia. Which aspect of health is the client talking about?

A) Physical health
B) Emotional health
C) Social health
D) Spiritual health

Question 13

A cleint accepts the fact that he needs bypass surgery for a blocked artery and is admitted into the hospital. Which one of the following stages of illness is this client experiencing?

A) Stage 1
B) Stage 2
C) Stage 3
D) Stage 4

Question 14

A middle-aged woman is 40 pounds over her ideal weight. Which of the following statements best illustrates the effect of her self-concept on health and illness?

A) "I am just too busy with my kids to bother about a diet."
B) "Why should I lose weight? I'll still be fat."
C) "My sister is thin, but I don't think she looks that good."
D) "My husband loves me this way."

Question 15

The nurse is performing a routine assessment of a male client who has an artificial arm as a result of a small plane crash many years earlier. How should the nurse best understand this client's health?

A) Despite the loss of his limb, the client may consider himself to be healthy.
B) The client may be well, but his loss of limb means that he is unhealthy.
C) The loss of his limb prevents the client from achieving wellness, though he may be healthy.
D) Because the client's injury is far in the past, it does not have a bearing on his health or wellness.

Question 16

An elderly resident of a long-term care facility has developed diarrhea and dehydration as a result of exposure to clostridium difficile during a recent outbreak. The resident's primary care provider has consequently prescribed the antibiotic metronidazole (Flagyl). Which model of health promotion and illness prevention is most clearly evident in these events?

A) The Agent-Host-Environment Model
B) The Health-Illness Continuum
C) The Health Promotion Model
D) The Health Belief Model

Question 17

Which of the following models of health promotion and illness prevention was developed to illustrate how people interact with their environment as they pursue health?

A) The health promotion model
B) The health belief model
C) The health-illness continuum
D) The agent-host-environment model

Question 18

Which of the following most accurately defines "illness"?

A) The inability to carry out normal activities of living
B) A pathologic change in mind or body structure or function
C) The response of a person to a disease
D) Achieving maximum potential and quality of life

Question 19

A nurse educator uses models of health and illness when teaching. Which model of health and illness places high-level health and death on opposite ends of a graduated scale?

A) Health-Illness Continuum
B) Agent-Host-Environment Model
C) Health Belief Model
D) Health Promotion Model

Question 20

The mother of a toddler with asthma seeks support from the parents of other children with asthma. The nurse recognizes that seeking and utilizing support systems is an example of which human dimension?

A) Sociocultural dimension
B) Physical dimension
C) Environmental dimension
D) Intellectual and spiritual dimension

Question 21

A client is admitted to the hospital with abrupt symptoms of increasing shortness of breath, fever, and a productive cough with green sputum. Upon further exam the client is diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation. The nurse identifies this as which type of illness?

A) Acute
B) Chronic
C) Terminal
D) Contagious

Question 22

The nursing instructor has given an assignment to a group of nurse practitioner students. They are to break into groups of four and complete a health-promotion teaching project, then present a report back to their fellow students. What project is the best example of health-promotion teaching?

A) Demonstrating an injection technique to a client for anticoagulant therapy
B) Explaining the side effects of a medication to an adult client
C) Discussing the importance of preventing sexually transmitted disease to a group of 12th-grade students
D) Instructing an adolescent client about safe food preparation

Question 23

An woman 80 years of age has had a cerebrovascular accident. She has flaccidity of her right side with aphasia. For this client, which of the following activities constitutes tertiary prevention?

A) Assessment of her blood pressure
B) Daily bleeding and clotting times
C) Gait training and speech therapy
D) Education on the symptoms of a CVA

Question 24

A client states, "I must be in poor health because I am a senior citizen. That's what my neighbor says and she is older than I am." This statement is based on which of the following factors?

A) Age
B) Gender
C) Peer influence
D) Illness factors

Question 25

A nurse is giving a talk to a local community group on health promotion and illness prevention. The nurse explains the different levels of promotion. Which of the following does the nurse include when talking about primary promotion? Select all that apply.

A) Immunization clinics
B) Poison control information
C) Screenings for blood pressure
D) Recommending mammograms for women
E) Teaching about a healthy diet

Question 26

A nurse is educating women on the need for calcium to prevent bone loss. What level of prevention does this represent?

A) Primary prevention
B) Secondary prevention
C) Tertiary prevention
D) Residual prevention

Question 27

Which of the following statements accurately describes how risk factors may increase a person's chances for illness or injury? Select all that apply.

A) Risk factors are unrelated to the person or event.
B) All risk factors are modifiable.
C) An increase in risk factors increases the possibility of illness.
D) A family history of breast cancer is not a modifiable risk factor.
E) School-aged children are at high risk for communicable diseases.

Question 28

On which of the following components is Rosenstock's health belief model based? Select all that apply.

A) Perceived susceptibility to a disease
B) Perceived consequences of treating disease
C) Perceived seriousness of a disease
D) Perceived benefits of action
E) Perceived immunity to disease

Question 29

A nurse is giving a talk to a local community group on the importance of proper diet and regular exercise. This is an example of which type of health promotion?

A) Primary health promotion
B) Secondary health promotion
C) Tertiary health promotion
D) Chronic health promotion

Question 30

Which of the following statements explains why models of health promotion and illness prevention are useful when planning health care? Select all that apply.

A) They help health care providers understand health-related behaviors.
B) They are useful for adapting care to people from diverse backgrounds.
C) They help overcome barriers related to increased number of people without health care.
D) They overcome barriers to care for the predicted downward trend in minority populations.
E) They overcome barriers to care for low-income and rural populations.

Question 31

A nurse is providing an educational event to a local group of disabled citizens. What would be important for the nurse to be aware of when planning this event?

A) The health promotion needs of the group the nurse is speaking to
B) What the disability of each person is
C) Wellness needs of each individual person
D) What the families want you to talk about

Question 32

After teaching the students about health and wellness, the nursing instructor identifies a need for further instruction when one of the students makes which of the following statements?

A) "Health is more than just the absence of illness."
B) "Health is an active process."
C) "Health means the same to every person."
D) "Health is dynamic and ever-changing."

Question 33

Which of the following is not one of the six general types of risk factors in regard to increasing an individual 's chances for illness and injury?

A) Gender
B) Age
C) Environment
D) Lifestyle

Question 34

Which of the following nursing interventions is an example of health promotion and preventive care on the primary level? Select all that apply.

A) A nurse counsels a teenager to stop smoking.
B) A nurse conducts a health fair for high blood pressure screening.
C) A nurse counsels the family of a client diagnosed with lung cancer.
D) A home health care nurse arranges for rehabilitation services for a patient.
E) A school nurse arranges for a career seminar for graduating seniors.