Deck 9: Foundational Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches

Question 1

The cognitive-behavioral approach involves four phases: ____________,__________,________,and ___________.

A) assessment; diagnosis; educate; replace and retrain
B) assessment; target behaviors/thoughts for change; skill development; replace and retrain
C) assessment; target behaviors/thoughts for change; educate; replace and retrain
D) assessment; target behaviors/thoughts for change; educate; follow-up

Answer 1

C

Question 2

All of the following are dysfunctional schemas that Beck postulated were commonly associated with specific personality disorders,EXCEPT:

A) avoidant: "I might get hurt."
B) psychotic: "I am crazy."
C) histrionic: "I need to impress others."
D) compulsive: "Errors are bad."

Answer 2

A

Question 3

A cognitive-behavioral therapist uses functional analysis to assess what the client is doing and thinking before,during,and after the symptom in order identify cause and effect patterns.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The model that best highlights the essence of cognitive approaches is ___________________ developed by Albert Ellis for rational emotive behavioral therapy.

A) the C-B-T model
B) the A-B-C model
C) the P-B-S model
D) the R-E-B-T model

Question 5

The primary goal of cognitive-behavioral counseling is to ___________________________.

A) increase awareness on the part of the client
B) reduce socially unacceptable or non-productive behavior
C) reduce presenting symptoms and problems
D) educate the client to provide the tools for change

Question 6

Behavioralists argue that the ______________ is responsible for choosing thoughts and beliefs that results in healthy behaviors and positive emotions.

A) individual
B) family
C) counselor
D) brain

Question 7

____________________ approaches are based on the premise that psychological disorders result from dysfunctional thinking and beliefs and that improvement comes from modifying thought patterns and beliefs.

A) Behavioral
B) Cognitive
C) Traditional
D) Conditioned

Question 8

Regarding the cognitive-behavioral counselors' approach to empathy,which of the following is true.

A) Empathy allows the counselor to build rapport in order to get to intervention that will change behavior/thoughts but do not believe empathy by itself is curative.
B) Empathy in itself is curative and can be the intervention which changes thoughts and behavior.
C) Empathy does not have a place in the cognitive-behavioral process since the focus must be only on the relationship between behavior and cognition.
D) Empathy is used to distract the client from the behavioral and cognitive changes the counselor is introducing.

Question 9

Ann is seeing a cognitive-behavioral counselor who asks her to log the frequency,duration,and severity of anxiety.The counselor is assessing Ann's _________________________.

A) baseline functioning
B) conscious process
C) compliance
D) symptoms

Question 10

________________ approaches use classical conditioning,operant conditioning,and social learning theory and focus on analyzing and intervening on observable and measurable behaviors.

A) Behavioral
B) Cognitive
C) Traditional
D) Conditioned

Question 11

Stress inoculation training helps clients change ______________ and _______________,and increase coping skills by using a three phase approach: education,training,and practice.

A) thoughts; emotions
B) patterns; reactions
C) Negative self-talk; unhelpful inner dialogues
D) unrealistic expectations; hopes

Question 12

The long term goal of cognitive-behavioral counseling is best described by which of the following statements?

A) The goal is to enable clients to independently solve their own problems by recognizing dysfunctional thoughts and behaviors early enough to prevent them from creating distress.
B) The goal is for clients to be able to partner with counselors to solve their problems by the counselor reflecting dysfunctional thoughts and behaviors early enough to prevent them from creating distress.
C) The goal is to enable clients to independently solve their own problems by recognizing dysfunctional thoughts a behaviors after they occur so the client does not do the same thing again.
D) The goal is to enable clients to understand events in their childhood that created problems and cause dysfunctional thoughts and behaviors in order to prevent them from occurring again in the future.

Question 13

Aaron Beck used a cognitive approach which identifies schemas and core beliefs that ______________________________________,and changes them using thought records.

A) cause problems
B) solve problems
C) fuel and maintain problems
D) open up and resolve problems

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of the cognitive-behavioral counselor?

A) The counselor is objective witness to change and cheerleader to steer the change in positive directions.
B) The counselor is partner, walking the journey with the client and providing encouragement.
C) The counselor has a minimized role in which the counselor intervenes little in order to encourage autonomy on the part of the client.
D) The counselor's role is educational, using expertise to help client learn how to manage thoughts, feelings, and emotions more effectively.

Question 15

__________________ is the hallmark intervention of cognitive-behavioral counseling and aims to teach clients psychological principles and how to use them to handle problems.

A) Empathy
B) Socratic method or guided discovery
C) Psychoeducation
D) Self-talk

Question 16

Most contemporary practitioners utilize cognitive-behavioral approaches which _______________________________________.

A) are focused purely on changing behaviors
B) utilize client feelings an experiential considerations to inform change
C) are focused purely on changing cognitions
D) Integrate cognitive and behavioral techniques to change thoughts, behaviors, and feelings

Question 17

Cognitive-behavioral counselors frequently use _______________ to spell out goals and expectations and to increase motivation and dedication with clients.

A) standardized assessment tools
B) the client's own words
C) goal forms
D) written contracts

Question 18

Like Beck,Ellis assessed for faulty cognitions,called __________________ which were typically flagged by words such as "would","should","ought","must".

A) repression
B) irrational beliefs
C) neurosis
D) splitting

Question 19

Mark,a cognitive-behavioral counselor remains neutral and uses open-ended questions to help his client discover the illogical nature of her beliefs and to use her own logic to convince her of needed change.This intervention is called ________________________.

A) empathy
B) socratic method or guided discovery
C) psychoeducation
D) self-talk

Question 20

Which of the following statement best describes the concept of irrational beliefs?

A) Most clients believe that it is themselves that cause the symptom, but cognitive-behavioral counselors believe it is the people surrounding the client that are the cause and therefore the focus of change.
B) Most clients believe that the activating event causes the symptom, but cognitive-behavioral counselors believe it is the irrational belief about the activating event that is the cause and therefore the focus of change.
C) Most clients believe that the activating event causes the symptom, but cognitive-behavioral counselors believe it is behavior that results from the activating event that is the cause and therefore the focus of change.
D) Most clients believe that the activating event causes the symptom, but cognitive-behavioral counselors believe it is biochemistry that is the cause and therefore the focus of change.

Question 21

Regarding sexual diversity,the CBT counselor should examine ________________ and ______________ rather than over or under estimating the impact of sexual orientation on the client.

A) their own beliefs regarding sexual orientation; the role social norms and stigma in the client's beliefs and schemas
B) client beliefs about sexual orientation; client opinion on social norms and social stigma
C) the statistical information on marginalization; public opinion in the geographic region in which they live
D) their own feelings regarding sexual orientation; their lack of knowledge on the topic

Question 22

How/why does cognitive-behavioral counseling align more closely with DSM diagnosis than other approaches?

Question 23

Explain Beck's concept of distorted cognitions and identify at least one common distortion.

Question 24

In the case of Maria,the 34 year old woman suffering from bi-polar disorder,the core/basic belief which supports the clients' symptoms can best be described by which of the following?

A) She must be treated fairly at all times in order to reduce her depressed mood.
B) She believes it is better to just watch television to avoid potential problems.
C) She needs to reach out more to others in order to improve the situation but does not know how to do so.
D) The intensity of her emotions result from the bi-polar disorder.

Question 25

Working with clients to accept difficult thoughts and emotions in order to transform them is used by _____________________________.

A) rational approaches
B) mindfulness-based approaches
C) reality therapy approaches
D) behavioral approaches

Question 26

Counselors who use the CBT approach must do so carefully because of all of the following considerations EXCEPT:

A) emphasis on the expert stance which can create resistance or overcompliance.
B) defining "irrational beliefs" which may be culturally and contextually determined rather than determined by dominant social norms.
C) treatment goals may represent conflicting values with the clients' religious, cultural, racial, or socioeconomic values.
D) the lack of diagnosis may cause the client to further regress or impede progress.

Question 27

In the case study of Maria,the 34 year old woman suffering from bi-polar disorder,case conceptualization would need to include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) baseline assessment of depressive and manic symptomatic behavior.
B) A-B-C analysis of irrational beliefs regarding the meaning of fighting over chores with her husband.
C) schemas and core beliefs such as overgeneralization and personalization about how all customers treat her, magnification of disrespectful behavior and minimization of acts of kindness.
D) emotional ID to identify the emotions which hold primary sway for Maria and to scale the intensity of these emotions in order to judge their.

Question 28

What is meant by the terms in-vivo and flooding?

Question 29

Which of the following accurately describes the process of systematic desensitization?

A) Teaching faulty cognitions; discussing cognitions after each of the triggers; continue exploring the irrational thoughts until client no longer experiences anxiety in association with the trigger.
B) Teaching relaxation; creating a hierarchy of triggers; working up the hierarchy until client no longer experiences anxiety in association with the trigger.
C) Creating a hierarchy of triggers; working up the hierarchy by learning to ignore anxious feelings until client no longer experiences anxiety in association with the trigger.
D) Teaching rational responses in relation to the triggers; working up the hierarchy, providing information on rational responses until client no longer experiences anxiety in association with the trigger.

Question 30

How does a person's thoughts shape emotional and behavioral responses?

Question 31

All of the following are components of the WDEP system of evaluation used by reality counselors,EXCEPT:

A) preparing for success.
B) exploring wants, needs and motivations.
C) discussing what clients are doing and the resulting direction.
D) evaluating the effectiveness of actions and choices.

Question 32

In reality therapy,counselors analyze behavior to help clients ________________________ ______________________________.

A) understand the source of their problems
B) decrease personal responsibility for all the events in their life
C) look at the way the rest of world, "the real world", looks at the problem
D) take responsibility for the quality of their lives and make choices to improve their situations.

Question 33

________________ is an evidence-based mindfulness approach that was originally developed to treat suicidal borderline clients.

A) Rational emotive behavioral therapy (REBT)
B) Dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT)
C) Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)
D) Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT)

Question 34

Operant conditioning shapes behavior by ________________________________________.

A) punishing undesired behavior
B) rewarding behavior in the direction of the desired behavior
C) withholding to gain compliance
D) educating to avoid future incidents of the behavior

Question 35

What is meant by the statement,"cognitive behavioral goals are specific and measurable?

Question 36

Which of the following statements best describes mindfulness?

A) It is basically meditation.
B) Mindfulness involves observing the breath while quieting the mind of inner chatter and thoughts and ground the individual in the present without judging the experience.
C) Mindfulness is about using the breath to slow down thoughts, to think them through more slowly, and to respond to situations in more informed ways.
D) Mindfulness is about relaxation and allowing the client to focus on the present experience in order to draw conclusions with less fear and anxiety.

Question 37

Regarding the case study of Maria,a good cognitive-behavioral closing phase goals would be: _______________________________.

A) increase proactive and responsible approach to managing bi-polar symptoms
B) decrease negative talk which creates relational strife and therefore depressed symptoms
C) explore schemas and core beliefs such as overgeneralization and personalization about how all customers treat her, magnification of disrespectful behavior and minimization of acts of kindness
D) use emotional ID to identify the emotions which hold primary sway for Maria and to scale the intensity of these emotions in order to judge their