Deck 15: Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence

Question 1

Suppose you were the director of a mental health center that provided treatment for children.Based on research,you would expect that

A)more girls would be diagnosed with disorders than boys.
B)the most common disorders diagnosed would be eating disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder.
C)the average age of your child clients would be around 5 or 6.
D)more boys would be diagnosed with maladjustment disorders than girls.

Answer 1

more boys would be diagnosed with maladjustment disorders than girls.

Question 2

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

A)is commonly diagnosed after age of 15.
B)is the most frequent psychological referral to mental health facilities.
C)is seen equally in boys and girls.
D)is thought to occur in about 10 percent of school-aged children.

Answer 2

is the most frequent psychological referral to mental health facilities.

Question 3

What two childhood disorders are characterized by aggressive or antisocial behavior?

A)Oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder
B)Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder
C)Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and childhood depression
D)Conduct disorder and childhood depression

Answer 3

Oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder

Question 4

In studies looking at the effectiveness of treatment for ADHD,what was found?

A)While good results are achieved when medication is combined with therapy,behavioral methods have been quite successful short-term.
B)While good results are achieved when medication is combined with therapy,the therapy appears to be the more effective element of the treatment.
C)The use of medications interferes with the effectiveness of behavioral approaches.
D)Cognitive-behavioral therapy is more effective than behavioral modification.

Question 5

Which of the following protects children from environmental influences,but also makes them more vulnerable?

A)A lack of self-understanding
B)Dependence on adults
C)Unrealistic expectations
D)A limited understanding of death

Question 6

As children with ADHD become adolescents and adults,

A)they outgrow their ADHD symptoms.
B)many continue to experience symptoms.
C)most get worse.
D)those with hyperactivity tend to get worse,the rest get better.

Question 7

The evidence suggests that medications for ADHD

A)work well for the short-term but show little long-term effect.
B)work well for both the short- and long-term.
C)really don't work at all - what is seen is due to the placebo effect.
D)only work for children who have had the diagnosis at least two years.

Question 8

Historically,why has little attention been paid to childhood psychopathology?

A)Mental illness was not recognized in children.
B)Childhood disorders were viewed as childhood versions of adult disorders.
C)All signs of mental illness in children were assumed to reflect some developmental stage that would be outgrown.
D)Society viewed children as inherently good and accepted all behavior unconditionally.

Question 9

What complicates the diagnosis of maladaptive behavior in childhood?

A)Behavior that is problematic for a child of one age is normal behavior for a child of a different age.
B)The dividing line between childhood and adolescence has been arbitrarily drawn.
C)Most psychological disorders in the young have an identifiable environmental cause.
D)Drugs are not effective in treating the disorders that are most commonly seen in children.

Question 10

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is characterized by

A)an increasing frequency from age 6 to age 16.
B)a greater frequency in girls than in boys.
C)mild to moderate intellectual disability.
D)difficulties that interfere with effective task-oriented behavior.

Question 11

Treatment of ADHD with drugs such as Ritalin is thought to be effective as it

A)quiets the voices.
B)increases the ability to concentrate.
C)interferes with glutamate activity.
D)acts as a sedative.

Question 12

What is the advantage of using Pemoline to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder instead of Ritalin?

A)Pemoline increases the child's intelligence.
B)Pemoline works faster.
C)Pemoline has fewer side effects.
D)Pemoline reduces anxiety attacks.

Question 13

What was the greatest problem that emerged as a classification system for childhood disorders was being developed?

A)The same classification system that had been developed for adults was used for children.
B)Few childhood disorders had been identified.
C)The role of parents in the development of disordered behavior was overemphasized.
D)There was a hesitancy to identify childhood disorders as parents were likely to be blamed for any diagnosis given.

Question 14

A crucial aspect of developmental psychopathology is understanding individual maladaptation

A)as a phenomenon no different in children than in adults.
B)as a disease process.
C)in the context of normal developmental changes.
D)in a cultural context that determines what is acceptable behavior.

Question 15

A young child who tries to kill him/herself

A)is doing it to try to manipulate adults,not because he/she really wants to die.
B)is depressed and really wants to die.
C)may have unrealistic beliefs about death and not really understand what it means to die.
D)is probably more mature and aware than most children their age.

Question 16

Among children,the most commonly diagnosed disorders are

A)attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and separation anxiety disorders.
B)psychotic conditions such as schizophrenia.
C)depression and phobic conditions.
D)obsessive-compulsive disorder and conduct disorder.

Question 17

George is in second grade and is having trouble.He frequently is out of his seat,looking at the work of other students and annoying them by making comments.He interrupts the teacher,blurts out answers before she finishes the question,and usually needs directions repeated multiple times.At home,his mother says he is always "on the go." The most likely diagnosis for George is

A)conduct disorder.
B)oppositional defiant disorder.
C)separation anxiety disorder.
D)attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Question 18

Currently,the cause of ADHD is believed to be

A)a combination of family pathology and poor peer modeling.
B)excessive sugar in the diet.
C)an allergic reaction to certain foods and food additives.
D)both biological and psychological factors.

Question 19

Children with ADHD that have symptoms of hyperactivity

A)are usually well liked by their peers because they are always active.
B)are usually well liked by their peers because they become "class clowns."
C)are usually viewed negatively by their peers because of their behaviors.
D)are usually viewed negatively by their peers because they are socially withdrawn.

Question 20

Which of the following is not a symptom of ADHD?

A)anxiety
B)restlessness
C)distractability
D)overactivity

Question 21

The cohesive family model is a treatment strategy for the child with conduct disorder that

A)focuses on how the child's behavior elicits negative responses from other family members.
B)proposes that dysfunctional interactions have served to maintain the child's problematic behavior.
C)teaches the child basic moral lessons.
D)combines punitive and therapeutic interventions.

Question 22

What is the self-perpetuating cycle in conduct disorder?

A)A genetic predisposition leads to a low IQ and difficult temperament,which leads to poor parenting and an insecure attachment,which leads to conduct disorder.
B)A genetic predisposition leads to a difficult temperament,which leads to behavior problems,which lead to parental overindulgence and lack of discipline,which leads to conduct disorder.
C)A genetic predisposition leads to an easy temperament but because of abusive parents,this leads to depression which in turn leads to conduct disorder.
D)A genetic predisposition leads to an easy temperament,which leads to parental neglect,which leads to anxiety,which leads to conduct disorder.

Question 23

The most common childhood anxiety disorder is ________.

A)selective mutism
B)depression
C)generalized anxiety disorder
D)separation anxiety disorder

Question 24

Separation anxiety disorder is best illustrated by which of the following people?

A)Thomas,who is fiercely independent of other children and his parents.
B)Harriet,who refuses to talk to her teachers or adults other than her parents.
C)Isabella,who worries that her father will die if she is not near him.
D)Chuck,who is afraid he will be beaten by bullies at school.

Question 25

Which behavior pattern is extremely unlikely to be found in a child with conduct disorder?

A)Firesetting and vandalism
B)Substance abuse
C)Constant worry about minor issues
D)Depression

Question 26

The development of conduct disorder in adolescence

A)predicts the development of other psychopathology in adulthood.
B)rarely occurs.
C)commonly occurs in teens who suffer from ADHD.
D)is not associated with lasting behavioral problems as much as early-onset conduct disorder

Question 27

Which statement about separation anxiety disorder is accurate?

A)Children who have the disorder commonly develop antisocial personality disorder as adults.
B)The child with separation anxiety is likely to be immature and lack self-confidence.
C)The disorder is equally common in boys and girls.
D)It is a severe but extremely rare form of childhood anxiety disorder.

Question 28

Research on the families of children with conduct disorder suggests that

A)antisocial behavioral patterns may be learned.
B)environmental factors are rarely involved in disorders of childhood onset.
C)genetics do not play a role in the development of antisocial tendencies.
D)parental substance abuse is the greatest risk factor for early-onset conduct disorder.

Question 29

Which of the following statements about early-onset conduct disorder is true?

A)Later problems are not likely.
B)Most will develop antisocial personality disorder.
C)The majority will continue to have,at minimum,social dysfunction as adults.
D)Environmental factors predict whether or not the disorder persists.

Question 30

Effective treatments for conduct disorder usually involve

A)removing the child from the environment that has fostered the maladaptive behavior.
B)legal intervention.
C)teaching the child basic moral lessons.
D)parental participation.

Question 31

Brad has been diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD).The disorder began around age 12 and is characterized by disobedient and hostile behavior toward authority figures.What aspect of this case is unusual?

A)It is unusual for children with ODD to be boys.
B)It is unusual for the onset of ODD to occur at age 12.
C)It is unusual for children with ODD to be hostile toward authority figures.
D)Nothing about this case is unusual.

Question 32

Artiss developed conduct disorder early.Bertram developed conduct disorder late.This suggests that

A)Artiss will have a higher level of intelligence.
B)Artiss will have a higher likelihood of adult antisocial personality disorder.
C)Bertram will have a higher likelihood of social dysfunctions.
D)Bertram will show more severe neuropsychological deficits and attentional problems.

Question 33

Divorce,hostility,and lack of monitoring are family characteristics most closely associated with

A)separation anxiety disorder.
B)conduct disorder.
C)autism.
D)attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Question 34

Which of the following is a risk factor for ODD and conduct disorder?

A)Parental psychopathology.
B)Methamphetamine abuse.
C)Middle socioeconomic status.
D)Childhood obesity.

Question 35

Girls with conduct disorder

A)seek security from a father figure.
B)are at risk for teen pregnancy.
C)usually have a comorbid diagnosis of ADHD and/or a mood disorder.
D)do not show the same social deficits seen in boys.

Question 36

What is the relationship between oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder?

A)Children who develop conduct disorder often have oppositional defiant disorder first.
B)Almost every case of oppositional defiant disorder develops into conduct disorder.
C)Before children develop oppositional defiant disorder,they have conduct disorder.
D)Children who develop conduct disorder almost never had oppositional defiant disorder.

Question 37

The term "juvenile delinquent" is

A)used when a diagnosis of early-onset antisocial personality disorder has been made.
B)defined by the legal system.
C)inconsistent with the diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder.
D)rarely used in modern times.

Question 38

The parenting in families of children with conduct disorders typically involves

A)accepting the child's behavior as "normal."
B)providing the child with harsh but consistent discipline.
C)rejection and neglect.
D)overprotecting the child.

Question 39

In order of diagnosis,________ occurs before antisocial personality disorder just as ________ occurs before conduct disorder.

A)ODD; conduct disorder
B)conduct disorder; ODD
C)ADHD; conduct disorder
D)conduct disorder; ADHD

Question 40

Punitive approaches to antisocial youth are

A)likely to make problems worse.
B)effective when intervention occurs before adolescence.
C)not the norm.
D)effective at "teaching the child a lesson."

Question 41

Evidence that culture plays a role in the development of childhood anxiety disorders comes from the fact that

A)African American children rarely show symptoms of PTSD.
B)children from cultures that favor inhibition and compliance report more fears.
C)children from cultures that favor independence report more fears.
D)overanxious children rarely have overanxious parents.

Question 42

Research on the effects of parental depression

A)confirms that genes play a role in the etiology of childhood depression.
B)suggests that parental psychopathology leads to changes in parenting behavior that has lasting effects on children.
C)does not indicate that environmental factors play a role in the development of childhood depression.
D)indicates that the influence of peers is greater than that of parents.

Question 43

What type of behavioral therapy is most likely to be used in the treatment of child with an anxiety disorder?

A)Behavior therapy that includes assertiveness training and desensitization using graded real-life situations.
B)Behavior therapy that includes a generalized desensitization to fearful situations using Ruthanne's imagination to picture these situations.
C)A combination of Ritalin and family therapy.
D)A group therapy in which anxious children are taught to ignore their anxious feelings.

Question 44

Throughout his young life,Quincy,age 7,rarely wakes up in the morning to a dry bed.Quincy would be diagnosed as having

A)primary functional encopresis.
B)secondary functional encopresis.
C)primary functional enuresis.
D)secondary functional enuresis.

Question 45

Childhood anxiety disorders are associated with which of the following factors?

A)A deficit in conditionability to aversive stimuli.
B)Maladaptive learning from an underprotective parent.
C)Refusing to go to school.
D)Parental substance abuse.

Question 46

Children with separation anxiety disorder

A)have a school phobia.
B)fear impending separation but are fine once it actually happens.
C)fear separation from major attachment figures and worry they will die once separation occurs.
D)frequently develop conduct disorder as a result.

Question 47

Functional enuresis

A)always has an organic cause.
B)usually develops following some traumatic event.
C)is seen in boys more commonly than girls.
D)exists in primary,secondary,and tertiary forms.

Question 48

Childhood depression is likely to persist because

A)lasting changes occur in the brain.
B)positive events are unlikely to occur.
C)most treatments are not effective.
D)an attributional style is adopted that maintains a negative mood state.

Question 49

Studies of the effectiveness of antidepressant medication with children have

A)shown that Prozac is extremely effective in producing long-term symptom relief.
B)produced inconsistent results.
C)indicated that while these drugs have few side effects,neither do they have any benefits.
D)a major drawback: children develop tolerance to the drugs and become psychologically dependent on them.

Question 50

It is believed that depressed mothers negatively affect their infants because they

A)are overly intrusive with their children,depending upon the child rather than allowing the child to depend upon them.
B)respond less sensitively to their children and show more irritable behavior.
C)tend to blame themselves when,in fact,the children have made mistakes.
D)engage in impulsive,antisocial behaviors which the children mimic.

Question 51

Anxiety disorders of childhood

A)tend to persist into adulthood.
B)show few cross-cultural differences.
C)are usually effectively treated with drugs.
D)typically do not lead to problems later in life.

Question 52

After her parents' divorce,Julia began wetting the bed.She wets the bed almost nightly and is embarrassed about it in the morning.What disorder would this 7-year-old be diagnosed with?

A)Primary functional enuresis
B)Secondary functional enuresis
C)Primary functional encopresis
D)Secondary organic enuresis

Question 53

Drugs used to treat enuresis are thought to

A)alleviate the anxiety that is leading to poor bladder control.
B)increase water retention.
C)inhibit reflexive bladder emptying.
D)decrease the deepest stage of sleep.

Question 54

Compared to enuresis,encopresis is

A)diagnosed at an earlier age.
B)more common.
C)less likely to be treated with drugs.
D)more likely be effectively treated with conditioning procedures.

Question 55

As a camp counselor,you are surprised when you hear that one of your young campers takes a hormone replacement drug intranasally to treat a psychological disorder.The disorder is most likely

A)enuresis.
B)autism.
C)somnambulism.
D)encopresis.

Question 56

Juliet is a depressed child.When she wins a prize at school for her art project,how is she likely to explain it?

A)I was the best.
B)My teacher likes me.
C)I got lucky.
D)I worked hard.

Question 57

Childhood and adult depression differ in what way?

A)Irritability is often seen as a major symptom in childhood depression.
B)Altered eating habits are not seen in childhood depression.
C)Adult depression does not remit without pharmacological intervention.
D)Altered hormone levels are not seen in children.

Question 58

Research on the effectiveness of antidepressants for the treatment of childhood depression

A)demonstrates that drugs are just as effective as therapy.
B)suggests that children experience more side effects from these medications than adults.
C)indicates that there is not a biological basis for childhood depression.
D)has been inconclusive.

Question 59

What has been found to be the most effective approach to the treatment of enuresis?

A)Cognitive-behavioral therapy
B)Conditioning procedures
C)Behavioral modification
D)Family therapy

Question 60

Suicidal behavior in children and adolescents

A)is extremely rare.
B)should be ignored as manipulative behavior.
C)is usually not related to depression.
D)may be increased by taking SSRIs.

Question 61

1-67.Coprolalia

A)is a vocal tic involving yelling obscenities.
B)frequently accompanies encopresis.
C)is a common side effect of medications used in the treatment of childhood depression.
D)is a rare pervasive developmental disorder.

Question 62

1-77.William is an autistic child.He is probably

A)very talkative.
B)unable to utter any meaningful sounding words.
C)relatively withdrawn and uncommunicative.
D)aggressive and frequently attacks others.

Question 63

1-80.Children with autism often have additional problems such as

A)encopresis and sleep problems.
B)obsessive compulsive disorder and Tourette's syndrome.
C)conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder.
D)social anxiety disorder and elective mutism.

Question 64

1-70.Moat tics

A)are only seen in Tourette's syndrome.
B)usually have an organic basis.
C)are usually associated with severe behavioral problems.
D)rarely are effectively controlled with medication.

Question 65

1-71.The most effective medical treatment for Tourette's syndrome is

A)biofeedback training.
B)central nervous stimulants such as Ritalin.
C)neuroleptics such as haloperidol.
D)the hormone replacement drug DDVAP.

Question 66

1-64.Which of the following is TRUE concerning sleepwalking disorder?

A)If a child has one episode of sleepwalking,he or she is likely to have repeated episodes.
B)Takes place during non-REM sleep.
C)Awakening an individual who is sleepwalking will result in severe physiological stress for the person.
D)While moving about,sleepwalkers' eyes are closed so they are in constant danger of injuring themselves.

Question 67

1-63.Which of the following is not listed in the DSM-5 under elimination disorders?

A)Primary Functional Enuresis
B)Encopresis
C)Secondary Functional Enuresis
D)Sleepwalking disorder

Question 68

1-62.It is important to do a thorough physical examination,to rule out medical problems,before diagnosing encopresis because these children often

A)have sleep and metabolic disorders,as well.
B)engage in hypochondriacal behaviors.
C)suffer from diabetes and other serious,chronic conditions.
D)suffer from constipation.

Question 69

1-75.Autism is similar to schizophrenia in its

A)age of onset.
B)cause being due in part to genetic vulnerability.
C)symptoms of delusions.
D)responsiveness to treatment.

Question 70

1-66.Cross-cultural studies of tics find that

A)the types of tics seen most commonly vary with culture.
B)the average age of tic onset appears to be universal.
C)tics occur less frequently in cultures that are less expressive.
D)tics are always seen more frequently in females.

Question 71

1-69.Orlando,14,frequently twists his head uncontrollably and yelps or grunts.If he has not done this for several hours,he has a sensation that can only be relieved by engaging in these movements and sounds.Orlando has had this problem since he was 8.The most likely diagnosis is

A)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B)tic disorder.
C)coprolalia.
D)Tourette's syndrome.

Question 72

1-73.Autism is

A)a severe and puzzling disorder.
B)diagnosed based on socioeconomic status.
C)a severe form of conduct disorder.
D)an extreme tic disorder.

Question 73

1-74.The hallmark symptom of autism is

A)lack of language.
B)lack of interest in other people.
C)intellectual disability.
D)strange behaviors.

Question 74

Which child below best illustrates the typical child with functional encopresis?

A)A 12-year-old girl who soils herself at school.
B)A 14-year-old boy who suffers from chronic diarrhea.
C)A 7-year-old boy who soils himself when under stress.
D)A 10-year-old girl who also has attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Question 75

1-65.Tics

A)are usually not noticed by the individual performing the act.
B)are often related to enuresis.
C)occur most frequently in adults,but occasionally they also occur in children.
D)almost always have an organic basis.

Question 76

1-79.Which of the following is a possible explanation for the seeming lack of emotion in autistic children?

A)They have no emotions.
B)They lack social understanding.
C)Neurological impairment - they can feel but not show emotions.
D)Immaturity - they will show more as they get older.

Question 77

1-68.Which of the following is a symptom of Tourette's syndrome?

A)Coprolalia.
B)Enuresis.
C)Encopresis.
D)Pica.

Question 78

1-78.Children with ________ are believed to be "mind blind," that is,they cannot take the attitude of or "see" things as others do.They are also deficient at locating and orienting to sounds in their environment.

A)Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
B)Childhood disorder
C)Separation anxiety disorder
D)Autistic disorder

Question 79

1-76.We are likely to find that many of the children with autistic disorder

A)are girls.
B)also suffer from depression,tic disorders,and other forms of psychopathology.
C)come from poverty-stricken environments.
D)were identified as having the disorder before they were 3 years old.

Question 80

1-72.________ are a group of severely disabling conditions in children that are considered to be the result of structural differences in the brain and usually apparent at birth or as the child begins to develop.

A)Neurodevelopmental disorders
B)Symptom disorders
C)Conduct disorders
D)Tic disorders