Deck 2: The Start of Life: Prenatal Development

Question 1

The process of _______ accounts for the replication of most types of cells,so nearly all the cells of the body will contain the same 46 chromosomes as the zygote.

A)meiosis
B)cell division
C)mitosis
D)reproduction

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Jason and Justin are twins and are genetically identical.They are ________ twins.

A)gamete
B)dizygotic
C)monozygotic
D)zygote

Answer 2

C

Question 3

When gametes are formed in the human body,this is called

A)division.
B)meiosis.
C)mitosis.
D)genetic instruction.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

What is the name of the rod-shaped portions of DNA that are organized in 23 pairs?

A)genes
B)gametes
C)chromosomes
D)ovum

Question 5

What is the name of the new cell formed by the process of fertilization?

A)sperm
B)zygote
C)ovum
D)gamete

Question 6

Genes are arranged in specific locations and in a specific order along ____ chromosomes.

A)52
B)23
C)46
D)54

Question 7

About an hour or so after the sperm enters the ovum,the two gametes suddenly fuse,becoming one cell called a

A)chromosome.
B)ovum.
C)zygote.
D)genes.

Question 8

Any differences in the future development of monozygotic twins can be attributed only to _________ factors.

A)genetic
B)chromosome
C)environmental
D)DNA

Question 9

All genes are composed of specific sequences of _______ molecules.

A)DNA
B)zygote
C)ovum
D)sperm

Question 10

What is the basic unit of genetic information?

A)zygote
B)sperm
C)gene
D)gamete

Question 11

Twins who are produced when two separate ova are fertilized by two separate sperm at roughly the same time are called ________ twins.

A)dizygotic
B)monozygotic
C)gamete
D)zygote

Question 12

The potential for the vast diversity of human beings primarily resides in the nature of the processes that underlie __________ cell division.

A)sperm
B)ovum
C)chromosome
D)gamete

Question 13

Name the substance that genes are composed of that determines the nature of each cell in the body and how it will function.

A)chromosomes
B)gametes
C)zygotes
D)DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Question 14

Twins who are genetically identical are called ________ twins.

A)gamete
B)monozygotic
C)dizygotic
D)zygote

Question 15

Rod-shaped chromosomes,portions of DNA,are organized in ____ pairs.

A)52
B)23
C)46
D)54

Question 16

The ultimate outcome of meiosis,in combination with other processes,is tens of _______ of genetic combinations.

A)billions
B)millions
C)thousands
D)trillions

Question 17

The female reproductive cell is called the

A)gamete.
B)sperm.
C)zygote.
D)ovum.

Question 18

Male and female reproductive cells are also known as

A)gametes.
B)zygotes.
C)genes.
D)chromosomes.

Question 19

The blueprints for creating a person are stored and communicated in our

A)zygote.
B)genes.
C)gametes.
D)ovum.

Question 20

The male reproductive cell is called a(n)

A)sperm.
B)ovum.
C)gametes.
D)zygote.

Question 21

What is the name of the inherited disorder in which a child is unable to make use of an essential amino acid present in proteins found in milk and other foods and that has the potential to cause brain damage and mental retardation?

A)heterozygous
B)phenylketonuria (PKU)
C)homozygous
D)chromosome deficiency

Question 22

What is the term for the inherited blood-clotting disorder that has been a problem throughout the royal families of Europe,such as the descendants of Queen Victoria?

A)X-linked
B)PKU disease
C)polygenic inheritance
D)hemophilia

Question 23

Sometimes genes,for no known reason(s),change their form in a process called

A)spontaneous acceleration.
B)spontaneous combustion.
C)spontaneous mutation.
D)spontaneous malformation.

Question 24

Humans have about ______ genes.

A)50,000
B)25,000
C)100,000
D)10,000

Question 25

The fact that the ______ determines the gender of the child is leading to the development of techniques that will allow parents to increase the chances of choosing the child's gender.

A)woman's ovum
B)man's sperm
C)chromosome type
D)chromosome similarity

Question 26

The 23^rd pair of chromosomes in males contains the ___ chromosome pair.

A)XX
B)XY
C)YX
D)YY

Question 27

When a child receives different forms of a certain gene from his/her parents,he or she is said to be

A)dominant.
B)a phenotype.
C)homozygous.
D)heterozygous.

Question 28

If a child has an XX pairing of the 23^rd chromosomes,they will be

A)male.
B)monozygotic.
C)dizygotic.
D)female.

Question 29

In ________ inheritance,a combination of multiple gene pairs is responsible for the production of a particular trait.

A)X-lined
B)PKU
C)polygenic
D)heterozygous

Question 30

Evan and Evelyn are twins but are not genetically identical.They are ________ twins.

A)gamete
B)dizygotic
C)monozygotic
D)zygote

Question 31

Eric has blue eyes.Since the gene for blue eyes is recessive,Eric must be ______ for that trait.

A)a genotype
B)homozygous
C)a phenotype
D)heterozygous

Question 32

What type of gene is considered recessive and located only on the X chromosome?

A)heterozygous
B)X-linked
C)homozygous
D)recessive

Question 33

A trait within an organism that is present but not expressed is called

A)dominant.
B)genotype.
C)phenotype.
D)recessive.

Question 34

What is the term applied to studying the effects of heredity on psychological characteristics and behavior?

A)gene sequence
B)mapping
C)behavioral genetics
D)human genome

Question 35

Multiple births have _________ in the last 25 years due to fertility drugs and the rising average age of mothers giving birth.

A)decreased
B)remained the same
C)increased
D)varied up and down

Question 36

The one trait that is expressed when two competing traits are present is called

A)recessive.
B)genotype.
C)dominant.
D)phenotype.

Question 37

When a child inherits similar genes for a given trait from his/her parents,the child is said to be ________ for that trait.

A)a genotype
B)homozygous
C)a phenotype
D)heterozygous

Question 38

________ twins are no more genetically similar than two siblings born at different times.

A)Dizygotic
B)Monozygotic
C)Gamete
D)Zygotic

Question 39

An observable trait is labeled

A)dominant.
B)recessive.
C)a genotype.
D)a phenotype.

Question 40

The underlying combination of genetic material present (but not outwardly visible)in an organism is called

A)a genotype.
B)a phenotype.
C)dominant.
D)recessive.

Question 41

Which test examines the embryo or fetus during the first 23 weeks of pregnancy by means of a fiber-optic device inserted through the cervix?

A)embryoscopy
B)amniocentesis
C)sonoembryology
D)chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

Question 42

Toni has a blood disorder that gets its name from the shape of the red blood cells.She would be diagnosed with what disorder?

A)sickle-cell anemia
B)hemophilia
C)Klinefelter's syndrome
D)fragile X syndrome

Question 43

Which test can be used to determine the sex of the child?

A)ultrasound sonography
B)amniocentesis
C)chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
D)first-trimester screen

Question 44

Which test is performed as early as week 5 and allows access to the fetal circulation and direct visualization of the embryo,permitting the diagnosis of malformations?

A)amniocentesis
B)embryoscopy
C)chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
D)sonoembryology

Question 45

What is the process in which high-frequency sound waves scan the mother's womb to produce an image of the unborn baby,whose size and shape can then be assessed?

A)first-trimester screen
B)ultrasound sonography
C)amniocentesis
D)chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

Question 46

Tera has a disorder that is untreatable and produces blindness and muscle degeneration prior to death.Her diagnosis would be

A)fragile X syndrome.
B)Tay-Sachs disease.
C)Klinefelter's syndrome.
D)hemophilia.

Question 47

Which test is carried out 15 to 20 weeks into the pregnancy and allows the analysis of fetal cells that can identify a variety of genetic defects with nearly 100% accuracy?

A)chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
B)ultrasound sonography
C)first-trimester screen
D)amniocentesis

Question 48

What is the profession that focuses on helping people deal with issues related to inherited disorders?

A)psychological counseling
B)disorders counseling
C)genetic counseling
D)family counseling

Question 49

What is the more invasive test that can be employed if blood tests and ultrasound have identified a potential problem or if there is a family history of inherited disorders?

A)amniocentesis
B)chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
C)ultrasound sonography
D)first-trimester screen

Question 50

Sue has a disorder that is produced by an injury to a gene on the X chromosome,producing a mild to moderate mental retardation.She has

A)Down syndrome.
B)Tay-Sachs disease.
C)fragile X syndrome.
D)Klinefelter's syndrome.

Question 51

Which test procedure is recommended if either parent carries Tay-Sachs,spina bifida,sickle-cell,Down syndrome,muscular dystrophy,or Rh disease?

A)amniocentesis
B)embryoscopy
C)chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
D)sonoembryology

Question 52

Jose has an extra chromosome on the twenty-first pair of chromosomes.The disorder was once referred to as mongolism.This will cause him to have

A)hemophilia.
B)fragile X syndrome.
C)sickle-cell anemia.
D)Down syndrome.

Question 53

Name the process of identifying genetic defects by examining a small sample of fetal cells drawn by a needle inserted into the amniotic fluid surrounding the unborn fetus.

A)amniocentesis
B)karyotype
C)ultrasound sonography
D)chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

Question 54

Scientists have discovered that carrying the sickle-cell gene raises immunity to _______,which is a common disease in West Africa.

A)hemophilia
B)blood pressure
C)malaria
D)anemia

Question 55

What is used to find genetic defects and involves taking samples of the hair-like material that surrounds the embryo?

A)karyotype
B)amniocentesis
C)ultrasound sonography
D)chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

Question 56

Amniocentesis is carried out _____ weeks into the pregnancy.

A)5-10
B)10-15
C)15-20
D)20-25

Question 57

What is the name of the earliest test that occurs in the 11^th to 13^th week of pregnancy and can identify chromosomal abnormalities and other disorders,such as heart problems?

A)amniocentesis
B)chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
C)ultrasound sonography
D)first-trimester screen

Question 58

Akili has the disorder that results from the presence of an extra X chromosome that produces underdeveloped genitals,extreme height,and enlarged breasts.She has

A)Klinefelter's syndrome.
B)Down syndrome.
C)Tay-Sachs disease.
D)fragile X syndrome.

Question 59

What infrequently used test is usually performed between the 8^th and 11^th week of pregnancy but produces a risk of miscarriage of 1 in 100 to 1 in 200 pregnancies?

A)amniocentesis
B)ultrasound sonography
C)chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
D)first-trimester screen

Question 60

Huela is going to have her first child and talks to her physician about assessing the health of her unborn child.The physician recommends a test that combines a blood test and ultrasound sonography.Which procedure was recommended?

A)amniocentesis
B)sonogram
C)first-trimester screen
D)embryoscopy

Question 61

What is the term for the determination of traits by a combination of both genetic and environmental factors,in which a genotype provides a range within which a phenotype may be expressed?

A)multifactorial transmission
B)inheritance
C)natural selection
D)role of environment

Question 62

Nature has provided the potential to carry out various kinds of "natural experiments" in the form of

A)genotypes.
B)twins.
C)phenotypes.
D)genetics.

Question 63

Parents in the United States are more likely to encourage higher _______ levels,while Asian parents are more likely to encourage greater __________ levels.

A)passivity;activity
B)neuroticism;social potency
C)activity;passivity
D)social potency;neuroticism

Question 64

Patterns of arousal and emotionality that represent consistent and enduring characteristics in an individual are called

A)genetics.
B)genotype.
C)temperament.
D)phenotype.

Question 65

Which testing procedure uses high-frequency sound waves and is used as an adjunct to other procedures such as amniocentesis?

A)sonogram
B)sonoembryology
C)ultrasound sonography
D)embryoscopy

Question 66

Which test is performed after 18 weeks of pregnancy by collecting a small amount of blood from the umbilical cord for testing?

A)embryoscopy
B)amniocentesis
C)fetal blood sampling (FBS)
D)chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

Question 67

Cynthia's mother will undergo a procedure to ensure her next child will be free of Fanconi anemia.Which of the following procedures will be used?

A)preimplantation genetic diagnosis
B)ultrasound sonography
C)chorionic villus sampling
D)genetic ovum selling

Question 68

What trait reflects the tendency to strictly endorse rules and authority,and has been found to be strongly associated with genetic factors?

A)traditionalism
B)neuroticism
C)social potency
D)extroversion

Question 69

Which "Big Five" personality trait refers to the degree to which a person seeks to be with others,to behave in an outgoing manner,and generally to be sociable?

A)neuroticism
B)gregariousness
C)social potency
D)extroversion

Question 70

Which test is used to detect Down syndrome by collecting blood from the umbilical cord after the 18^th week of pregnancy?

A)fetal blood sampling (FBS)
B)embryoscopy
C)chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
D)amniocentesis

Question 71

Which researcher argued that as much as 80% of intelligence is a result of heredity?

A)Freud
B)Erikson
C)Scarr
D)Jensen

Question 72

Which "Big Five" personality trait refers to the degree of emotional stability an individual characteristically displays?

A)aggression
B)neuroticism
C)shyness
D)fear

Question 73

Huntington's disease typically appears when people reach what age?

A)50s
B)20s
C)70s
D)40s

Question 74

Which procedure produces a visual image of the uterus,fetus,and placenta?

A)sonoembryology
B)sonogram
C)chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
D)embryoscopy

Question 75

What trait reflects the tendency to be a masterful,forceful leader who enjoys being the center of attention,and has been found to be strongly associated with genetic factors?

A)neuroticism
B)social potency
C)extroversion
D)traditionalism

Question 76

What is the procedure where cells are taken from an embryo and then replaced after the defective genes they contain have been repaired?

A)germ line therapy
B)genetic counseling
C)preimplantation genetic diagnosis
D)fetal blood sampling

Question 77

Which procedure,in combination with ultrasound,can detect more than 80% of all malformations during the second trimester?

A)sonoembryology
B)fetal blood sampling (FBS)
C)embryoscopy
D)amniocentesis

Question 78

The closer the genetic link between two individuals,the greater the correspondence between their

A)weight.
B)blood pressure.
C)IQ scores.
D)respiration rate.

Question 79

What procedure is used to detect abnormalities in the first trimester of pregnancy,and involves high-frequency transvaginal probes and digital visual processing?

A)fetal blood sampling (FBS)
B)sonoembryology
C)embryoscopy
D)first-trimester screen

Question 80

Which procedure uses very high frequency sound waves to detect structural abnormalities or multiple pregnancies,measure fetal growth,judge gestational age,and evaluate uterine abnormalities?

A)ultrasound sonography
B)sonoembryology
C)embryoscopy
D)sonogram