Deck 18: Social and Personality Development in Late Adulthood

Question 1

Which of the following theorists examined personality in the ego-integrity-versus-despair stage of psychosocial development?

A)Robert Peck
B)Daniel Levinson
C)Erik Erikson
D)Bernice Neugarten

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following statements regarding personality throughout adulthood is true?

A)Profound changes in social environments can produce fluctuations.
B)Changes in physiological adaptation produce fluctuations in personality.
C)Personality will change with age.
D)There are constant fluctuations in personality.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The ego-integrity-versus-despair stage of psychosocial development is characterized by a process of

A)reexamining one's accomplishments and making future goals.
B)looking back over one's life,evaluating it,and coming to terms with it.
C)preparing for death.
D)making personality changes.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

18-13.Which of the following is a stage in Robert Peck's developmental tasks?

A)redefinition of self versus preoccupation with parenting roles
B)body transcendence versus body preoccupation
C)ego integrity versus despair
D)disintegrated and disorganized

Question 5

18-14.Jamil has been diagnosed with terminal cancer and has been given six months to live.He and his family are starting to come to grips with his impending death.What developmental task is he facing?

A)ego intensity versus despair
B)ego transcendence versus ego preoccupation
C)redefinition of self versus preoccupation with work role
D)body transcendence versus body preoccupation

Question 6

18-10.What is the major task to be accomplished in the body-transcendence-versus-body-preoccupation stage?

A)coping with the aging process
B)learning to cope with and move beyond physical changes
C)coping with mental decompensation
D)preparing for death

Question 7

18-16.What is the focus of Daniel Levinson's theory of adult development?

A)reaffirming personality change throughout the course of life from birth to death
B)preparing for death
C)achieving ego transcendence
D)looking at the processes that can lead to personality change as a person grows older

Question 8

18-11.In Peck's body-transcendence-versus-body-preoccupation stage,what may ultimately be affected in the developmental process?

A)emotions
B)personality
C)cognition
D)ability to learn

Question 9

Some people contemplate their lives and realize they are dissatisfied.They realize missed opportunities have passed,and they have not accomplished what they wished.These individuals experience

A)despair.
B)destitute.
C)civility.
D)self-correction.

Question 10

18-17.According to Daniel Levinson,at which of the following ages might a person be entering into late adulthood by passing through a transition stage?

A)54
B)63
C)70
D)75

Question 11

18-19.Bernice Neugarten examined

A)how emotions affect the aging process.
B)different ways people cope with aging.
C)cognitive processes in aging.
D)social deterrents to the aging process.

Question 12

Mollie has been retired for 2 years and is 68 years old.She is having a conversation with her daughter,and she is discussing plans to do different things with each of her grandchildren now that she is no longer working.According to Robert Peck,Mollie is in what developmental stage?

A)ego integrity versus despair
B)ego transcendence versus ego preoccupation
C)body transcendence versus body preoccupation
D)redefinition of self versus preoccupation with work role

Question 13

18-20.Jorge cannot accept that he is getting older and experiences despair.According to Bernice Neugarten,what is his personality type?

A)passive-dependent
B)defended
C)disintegrated and disorganized
D)integrated

Question 14

According to Paul Costa and Robert McCrae,the "Big Five" personality traits

A)vary with lifestyle changes.
B)vary based on social and psychological factors.
C)change across adulthood.
D)appear stable across adulthood.

Question 15

George is beginning to look back at his life and is evaluating and coming to terms with his life.Which stage describes what George is attempting to accomplish?

A)redefinition of self versus preoccupation with work role
B)ego integrity versus despair
C)body transcendence versus body preoccupation
D)coping with aging

Question 16

18-18.Daniel Levinson discusses a transition stage people pass through when entering late adulthood and they realize that they are

A)viral.
B)old.
C)competent.
D)ego vested.

Question 17

18-12.Last year,Greta's knee injury caused her to drop out of her bowling league,but at 90 years old she still enjoys life and is involved in many activities.Greta is successful at which of Peck's developmental stages?

A)redefinition of self versus preoccupation with work role
B)ego transcendence versus ego preoccupation
C)body transcendence versus body preoccupation
D)integrity versus despair

Question 18

18-15.How does a person experience ego transcendence?

A)seeing their contributions lasting beyond their own lives
B)preoccupation with the question of whether their life had meaning
C)experiencing their life as positive
D)reaffirming their dedication to life

Question 19

Which of the following reflects Robert Peck's view of the first task in old age?

A)People must redefine themselves in a manner not relating to their work roles.
B)People should reflect on their life's accomplishments.
C)People should begin the process of getting their affairs in order.
D)People should develop short-term life goals.

Question 20

MacDonald is in his mid-60s.He is reflecting on his life and is experiencing a sense of satisfaction and accomplishment.Erikson refers to this as

A)self-esteem.
B)civility.
C)integrity.
D)self-appraisal.

Question 21

18-32.Julio has run marathons all of his life,and recently has cut back on some of his other activities to increase the time he has for training in order to maintain his running skills.This is an example of

A)activity theory.
B)continuity theory.
C)selective optimization.
D)minimizing theory.

Question 22

18-30.Which of the following is an essential factor that determines happiness in late adulthood?

A)autonomy,independence,and control over one's life
B)physical flexibility
C)having grandchildren
D)maintaining a relationship with a long-time committed partner

Question 23

18-34.Thinking about "old age" and associating it with nursing homes is a

A)way of life.
B)coping style.
C)stereotype.
D)possible alternative.

Question 24

18-31.Which model of successful aging was developed by Paul and Margret Baltes and focuses on the assumption that late adulthood brings changes and losses in underlying capabilities that vary from person to person?

A)continuity theory
B)activity theory
C)selective optimization with compensation
D)compensational theory

Question 25

18-21.Camille is becoming extremely fearful of becoming ill as she ages.According to Bernice Neugarten,Camille is a(n)

A)integrated personality.
B)defended personality.
C)disintegrated and disorganized personality.
D)passive-dependent personality.

Question 26

18-37.What percentage of people over the age of 65 live with family members?

A)50%
B)55%
C)60%
D)66%

Question 27

18-36.People over 65 represent what percent of single-person households?

A)10%
B)15%
C)25%
D)30%

Question 28

18-28.The theory suggesting that successful aging occurs when people maintain the interests,activities,and social interactions with which they were involved during middle age is called

A)disengagement theory.
B)activity theory.
C)continuity theory.
D)compensational theory.

Question 29

18-40.Frederick is living in a specialized living environment where all residents are of retirement age and in need of some level of care.Frederick is in a(n)

A)adult day-care.
B)skilled-nursing facility.
C)assisted-living facility.
D)continuing-care community.

Question 30

18-39.What percentage of people in late adulthood live in homes that are some kind of specialized environment?

A)5%
B)10%
C)15%
D)20%

Question 31

18-27.What factor led to the development of the activity theory?

A)lack of support for the continuity theory
B)lack of correlational factors
C)too few subjects in studies
D)lack of support for the disengagement theory

Question 32

18-24.Which of the following is a benefit of a life review?

A)reviving old wounds
B)understanding the certainty of the future
C)resolve lingering problems
D)resisting current life situations with ferocity

Question 33

18-38.Which of the following can assist in conflict resolution when elderly people live with their children?

A)establishing ground rules regarding roles
B)allowing everyone to be totally independent
C)having family meetings
D)establishing separate living areas

Question 34

18-26.Which of the following theories focuses on a gradual withdrawal from the world on physical,social,and psychological levels?

A)disengagement theory
B)activity theory
C)continuity theory
D)compensational theory

Question 35

18-33.The process by which people concentrate on selected skill areas to compensate for losses in other areas is called

A)selective optimization.
B)activity theory.
C)continuity theory.
D)minimizing theory.

Question 36

18-22.According to Bernice Neugarten,people who attempt to stop the aging process by acting young,exercising,and participating in youthful activities are a(n)

A)defended personality.
B)integrated personality.
C)passive-dependent personality.
D)disintegrated and disorganized personality.

Question 37

18-35.What percent of elderly people finish their lives in nursing homes?

A)3%
B)5%
C)7%
D)10%

Question 38

18-23.According to Robert Butler,what triggers a life review?

A)being hospitalized
B)the obvious prospect of one's death
C)confinement in a nursing home
D)dementia

Question 39

18-29.The theory suggesting that people need to maintain their desired level of involvement in society in order to maximize their sense of well-being and self-esteem is called

A)disengagement theory.
B)activity theory.
C)continuity theory.
D)compensational theory.

Question 40

18-25.Expert knowledge in the practical aspects of life is referred to as

A)maturity.
B)intelligence.
C)wisdom.
D)aging.

Question 41

18-58.Which of the following may soon be considered an incentive to hiring the elderly?

A)baby boomers are retiring,so the workforce is shrinking
B)government tax incentives for hiring the elderly
C)the elderly going back to school for additional skills
D)legal actions and lawsuits for firing the elderly

Question 42

18-55.What 1970s legislation was passed that significantly affects the elderly?

A)increase in social security stipends
B)increases in taxes on social security payments
C)mandatory retirement in almost every profession was made illegal
D)the age at which people can begin receiving social security was increased to 65

Question 43

18-56.What is an obstacle that the elderly continue to face with regard to working?

A)The elderly don't have the stamina in their jobs that they had when they were younger.
B)The elderly don't always have reliable transportation or a car to drive to their jobs.
C)The elderly continue to face age discrimination.
D)The working elderly lose tax advantages if they continue to work.

Question 44

18-43.Amad does not need continued care.However,he does receive care during the day in the form of meals and medications.What type of facility does Amad attend?

A)drop-in facility
B)skilled nursing
C)assisted living
D)adult day-care

Question 45

18-54.Older people spend what percent of their income on health care?

A)20%
B)15%
C)10%
D)5%

Question 46

18-42.What is a major drawback of some continuing-care facilities?

A)requiring a substantial initial payment
B)not being homogeneous
C)location
D)type of care

Question 47

18-44.What type of facility provides extensive care?

A)skilled nursing
B)adult day-care
C)assisted living
D)independent living

Question 48

18-46.What percent of people age 65 and older live in nursing homes?

A)3.5%
B)4.0%
C)4.5%
D)5.0%

Question 49

18-48.Learned helplessness is a belief that

A)being helpless leads to wellness.
B)being helpless leads to despair.
C)one must help him/herself to receive help.
D)one has no control over one's environment.

Question 50

18-47.Tony has been in a nursing home for one year.He has become apathetic,indifferent,and does not care about himself.What term describes Tony?

A)learned helplessness
B)self-pity
C)institutionalism
D)neurodementia

Question 51

18-45.Renee is 67 years old and is in the hospital because she broke her hip.She will need extensive physical therapy for two months.Which of the following is the proper facility to provide care for her?

A)adult day-care
B)skilled nursing
C)assisted living
D)extended care

Question 52

18-53.What is a source of financial vulnerability for people in late adulthood?

A)gambling
B)reliance on fixed income
C)poor investments
D)cost of living

Question 53

18-41.Grace's care needs have increased since her husband's death.She has moved into an independent housing unit that is supported by medical providers as needed.Grace is living in a(n)

A)adult day-care facility.
B)assisted-living facility.
C)skilled-nursing facility.
D)support facility.

Question 54

18-49.What statement is true regarding financial issues in late adulthood?

A)Social inequities that various socioeconomic groups experience magnify with increasing age.
B)Social inequities seem to level out in late adulthood.
C)People who spend money early in their lives adopt a meager spending style.
D)Cost of living does not have a profound effect in late adulthood.

Question 55

18-52.What percent of African Americans in late adulthood live below the poverty level?

A)8%
B)12%
C)24%
D)31%

Question 56

18-57.Which of the following professions was exempted from laws prohibiting a mandatory retirement age?

A)politics
B)literature
C)science
D)public safety

Question 57

18-51.What percent of women living on their own in late adulthood live on an income below the poverty line?

A)10%
B)15%
C)20%
D)25%

Question 58

18-50.About what percent of people age 65 and older live in poverty?

A)5%
B)10%
C)15%
D)20%

Question 59

18-60.Which of the following stages of retirement means that retirees feel that retirement is not all that they thought it would be,and they may miss the stimulation of a job or find that it's difficult to keep busy?

A)disenchantment
B)reorientation
C)retirement routine
D)honeymoon

Question 60

18-59.Which of the following stages of retirement means that retirees engage in a variety of activities,such as travel,that were previously hindered by working full-time?

A)disenchantment
B)reorientation
C)retirement routine
D)honeymoon

Question 61

18-63.What percentage of women outlive their husbands?

A)75%
B)70%
C)55%
D)50%

Question 62

18-62.Which of the following stages of retirement means that retirees come to grips with the realities of retirement and feel fulfilled with the new phase of life?

A)disenchantment
B)reorientation
C)retirement routine
D)honeymoon

Question 63

18-73.Which of the following is a reason why friendships are more highly valued by older people in late adulthood than family relationships?

A)Older people have little interest in making friends with other older individuals.
B)Old friendships require much less time and effort than maintaining family ties.
C)Friendships offer more flexibility than family relationships and less of a history of obligations and conflicts.
D)It is increasingly likely as one ages that all of one's friendships will end in death,compounding grief.

Question 64

18-61.Which of the following stages of retirement means that retirees reconsider their options and become engaged in new,more fulfilling activities?

A)disenchantment
B)reorientation
C)retirement routine
D)termination

Question 65

18-70.Which of the following stages of adjusting to widowhood relates to the immediate reaction to the death of a spouse including shock,pain of loss,grief,and reality testing?

A)regret
B)preparation
C)grief and mourning
D)adaptation

Question 66

18-64.When does research suggest that a man is most likely to leave his wife for a younger woman?

A)when the marriage is 7 years old
B)when the children are grown
C)when the couple is childless
D)soon after the man retires and is in psychological turmoil

Question 67

18-77.According to children's responses in a research study,what is the most important way that children should behave toward their elderly parents?

A)writing once a week
B)provide financial help
C)help them understand resources
D)make room in their home in an emergency

Question 68

18-75.What percentage of children lives within a 30-minute drive of their parents?

A)90%
B)75%
C)60%
D)45%

Question 69

18-69.The process of adjusting to widowhood encompasses which of the following stages?

A)regret
B)preparation
C)disenchantment
D)reorientation

Question 70

18-74._________ is assistance and comfort supplied by a network of caring,interested people.

A)Social support
B)Emotional support
C)A self-help group
D)Assisted living

Question 71

18-66.Which of the following is true about the change in relationships after retirement?

A)Relationships become smoother as there are fewer work-related stresses.
B)Retired husbands typically desire more alone time.
C)Women become more assertive and autonomous.
D)Women typically desire greater companionship.

Question 72

18-78.According to parents' responses in a research study,what is the most important way that children should behave toward their elderly parents?

A)discuss matters of importance
B)provide financial help
C)living close to the parent
D)make room in their home in an emergency

Question 73

18-76.Children's responsibility in perpetuating an older parent's views,beliefs,values,and standards is called ________,and is responsible for parents wanting closer bonds with their children.

A)lifestyle
B)characteristics
C)developmental stake
D)scruples

Question 74

18-67.The death of a spouse leads to

A)feelings of loss and guilt.
B)reexamination of personal and financial goals that were set aside during the course of the marriage.
C)profound feelings of loss and brings about drastic changes in economic and social changes.
D)loss but the start of a new life.

Question 75

18-65.What percentage of the population enters late adulthood having never been married?

A)10%
B)5%
C)15%
D)20%

Question 76

18-72.Pedro is age 65 and was married for 42 years.His children are concerned because their mother died over 3 years ago but their father continues in unrelenting grief.Their father cannot seem to let go of the loss of his spouse.He has intrusive memories that impede normal functioning.Pedro is experiencing

A)extreme grief.
B)complicated grief.
C)complicated mourning.
D)depressionalization.

Question 77

18-71.Which of the following stages of adjusting to widowhood relates to the adjustment to death of a spouse,including acceptance,developing resources,reorganizing roles and reference groups,reintegration,building new images and attitudes,and results in a new identity and lifestyle?

A)regret
B)preparation
C)grief and mourning
D)adaptation

Question 78

18-80.According to parents' responses in a research study,what is the least important way that children should behave toward their elderly parents?

A)living close to the parent
B)writing once a week
C)believing a parent should live with a child
D)visiting once a week

Question 79

18-79.According to children's responses in a research study,what is the least important way that children should behave toward their elderly parents?

A)living close to the parent
B)writing once a week
C)believing a parent should live with a child
D)visiting once a week

Question 80

18-68.Which of the following stages for adjusting to widowhood relates to buying insurance,preparing a will,and the decision to have children?

A)regret
B)preparation
C)grief and mourning
D)adaptation