Deck 15: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood

Question 1

15-14.Which of the following has become a stereotypical emblem of middle adulthood?

A)living will
B)impotence
C)reading glasses
D)cane

Answer 1

C

Question 2

15-16.At which age does visual acuity begin to decline?

A)40
B)45
C)50
D)55

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Sue's bones have become brittle,fragile,and thin.Her doctor tells her she has

A)osteoporosis.
B)presbyopia.
C)cancer.
D)arthritis.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

John has been gaining weight during middle adulthood.He feels fine and exercises,but still gains weight.John's weight gain is attributed to

A)the amount of body fat that begins to increase with age.
B)hypertension.
C)the body not being able to rid itself of excess fat cells.
D)emotional issues.

Question 5

15-18.Tomasina finds herself holding books and newspapers further from her eyes in order to read and bring material into focus.Her eye exam reveals she has

A)farsightedness.
B)visual acuity problems.
C)presbyopia.
D)mysbyopia.

Question 6

15-11.In which parts of the body would Sam likely lose strength during middle adulthood?

A)back and leg muscles
B)hamstrings
C)hands and arms
D)torso

Question 7

15-13.By age 60,what percent of strength is lost in most people?

A)5%
B)10%
C)15%
D)20%

Question 8

15-15.José is beginning to lose the ability to detect fine spatial detail in close and distant objects.Which of the following terms refers to his condition?

A)loss of visual acuity
B)presbyopia
C)glaucoma
D)presbycusis

Question 9

15-19.Which of the following makes it more difficult for people in middle adulthood to navigate a dark room?

A)decline in distance perception
B)loss of depth perception
C)loss of elasticity in the lens
D)decreased fluid in the eye

Question 10

15-20.Which of the following is a change in vision that occurs during middle adulthood?

A)improved depth perception
B)decline in distance perception
C)presbyopia lessens
D)ability to view items in two dimensions

Question 11

Men and women can reduce the risk of osteoporosis by having a diet high in calcium and

A)drinking no caffeine.
B)eating vegetables.
C)getting enough sleep.
D)getting regular exercise.

Question 12

15-10.Changes in a person's height and weight during middle adulthood are accompanied by a decline in

A)strength.
B)skin pigmentation.
C)cognitive ability.
D)security.

Question 13

Which of the following is a reason why physical appearance plays a significant role in how women see themselves?

A)workforce
B)college
C)family role model
D)societal pressures

Question 14

George is experiencing back pain.His doctor tells him the bones attached to his spinal column have become less dense.The doctor is referring to the

A)aging process.
B)settling process.
C)physical decline process.
D)bone density decline.

Question 15

15-12.By what age have most people lost,on average,10% of their maximum strength?

A)55
B)60
C)65
D)70

Question 16

15-17.The loss of near vision in middle adulthood is referred to as

A)visual acuity.
B)presbycusis.
C)glaucoma.
D)presbyopia.

Question 17

In which of the following cultures do physical changes take on a particularly high level of significance during middle adulthood?

A)Latino
B)Eastern
C)Asian
D)Western

Question 18

Which of the following plays a major factor in reducing and preventing weight gain during middle adulthood?

A)vitamins
B)fat-free diet
C)lifestyle choices
D)less caffeine

Question 19

At what age does the "settling" process generally begin with regard to height?

A)35
B)45
C)55
D)65

Question 20

At what age level do most people become aware of the changes in their bodies related to the aging process?

A)early adulthood
B)middle adulthood
C)late adulthood
D)central adulthood

Question 21

15-40.At what age do men typically experience climacteric?

A)30s
B)40s
C)50s
D)60s

Question 22

15-30.At what age do women enter a period known as the climacteric?

A)35
B)40
C)45
D)50

Question 23

15-31.The cessation of menstruation is known as

A)climacteric.
B)"hot flashes."
C)progesterone.
D)menopause.

Question 24

15-37.Dr.Johnson is lecturing a group of medical students.Her lecture focuses on the period beginning around 10 years prior to menopause,when hormone production begins to change.She is discussing

A)premenopause.
B)hormone reduction.
C)climacteric.
D)perimenopause.

Question 25

15-28.Which of the following is a reason why middle-age adults are involved in fewer automobile accidents than younger people?

A)Middle-aged people are less careful and take more risks.
B)Middle-aged people have more practice and skills driving.
C)The slowing of reaction time helps them avoid an accident.
D)Middle-aged people have better insurance coverage,so they take more risks.

Question 26

15-25.At what age do most men begin experiencing hearing loss?

A)40
B)45
C)50
D)55

Question 27

15-35.What percent of women experience no significant symptoms of menopause?

A)40%
B)45%
C)50%
D)55%

Question 28

15-26.What percent of men between the ages of 45 and 65 suffer from presbycusis?

A)10%
B)12%
C)14%
D)16%

Question 29

15-32.Which of the following is important with regard to menopause?

A)Menopause marks the point at which traditional pregnancy is not possible.
B)Sexuality declines at a rapid rate.
C)The production of estrogen begins to rise.
D)The production of progesterone increases,producing a variety of hormone-related age changes.

Question 30

15-21.Which of the following is one of the most frequent causes of eye problems that can result in blindness in middle adulthood?

A)presbyopia
B)glaucoma
C)myopia
D)presbycusis

Question 31

15-27.Holiday has difficulty hearing but also has a problem identifying the direction and origin of a sound.Holiday is experiencing difficulty with

A)presbycusis.
B)hearing loss.
C)sound frontation.
D)sound localization.

Question 32

15-29.Which of the following is a sexual problem facing men during middle adulthood?

A)less time to achieve an erection
B)endurance decreases
C)volume of fluid ejaculated increases
D)testosterone declines

Question 33

15-23.Which of the following groups is particularly susceptible to glaucoma?

A)Asian Americans
B)Latino Americans
C)African Americans
D)Hispanic Americans

Question 34

15-39.For men,the period of physical and psychological change in the reproductive system is referred to as

A)male climacteric.
B)testosterone lowering.
C)male menopause.
D)impotence.

Question 35

15-33.Joan is 45 years old and feels hot.She gets red,begins to sweat,and then she feels chills.The symptom Joan is experiencing is

A)"hot flashes."
B)perimenopause.
C)menopause.
D)climacteric.

Question 36

15-36.What percent of women experience severe distress during menopause?

A)10%
B)15%
C)20%
D)25%

Question 37

15-22.Emanuel is told the pressure in his eyes has increased and cannot drain properly.Emanuel has

A)glaucoma.
B)myopia.
C)presbyopia.
D)presbycusis.

Question 38

15-24.The loss of ability to hear high-pitched,high-frequency sounds is known as

A)presbycusis.
B)hearing detention.
C)hearing manifestation.
D)myopia.

Question 39

15-34.Which of the following is a common symptom of menopause?

A)increased appetite
B)heart palpitations
C)fainting
D)severe menstrual bleeding

Question 40

15-38.How do most researchers today view menopause?

A)It produces mood disorders.
B)It is regarded as a normal part of the aging cycle.
C)It is responsible for increased anxiety attacks.
D)It produces severe irritability.

Question 41

15-58.Which of the following is cited by your textbook as an acceptable treatment for cancer?

A)hypnotherapy
B)chemotherapy
C)holistic therapy
D)homeopathic remedies

Question 42

15-60.What was the proposal of the 2009 U.S.Preventive Services Task Force regarding routine mammograms?

A)Women in their 40s should not routinely have mammograms,and that women between the ages of 50 and 74 should have mammograms every two years.
B)Mammograms should be based on symptoms in consultation with their physician.
C)Women between the ages of 50 and 74 should have mammograms annually.
D)Health care coverage should be reviewed to make the initial determination.

Question 43

15-52.Along with genetic characteristics,which of the following is considered a contributor to heart and circulatory disease?

A)cigarette smoking
B)intellectual ability
C)excessive exercise
D)diet low in fats and cholesterol

Question 44

15-49.Which of the following are major consequences produced by stress?

A)indirect health-related behaviors
B)decreased blood pressure
C)increased sleep
D)decreased circulating hormones

Question 45

15-56.When a person carries out multiple activities simultaneously,this is called

A)Type B behavior pattern.
B)psychological imbalance.
C)Type A behavior pattern.
D)polyphasic activities.

Question 46

15-57.Which of the following would be considered an environmental and behavioral factor related to cancer?

A)smoking
B)sexual activity
C)working night shifts
D)family history of cancer

Question 47

15-46.Which disorder tends to appear during middle adulthood?

A)hypertension
B)asthma
C)urinary problems
D)allergies

Question 48

15-42.Pedro is 51 years old and has been experiencing symptoms of male climacteric.His physician does a complete physical examination,and it is discovered he has a typically low level of testosterone.For Pedro,his physician may recommend

A)rest and reduced stress levels.
B)exercise and diet.
C)Cialis or Levitra.
D)testosterone replacement therapy.

Question 49

15-43.Surveys indicate most adults in middle adulthood are afraid or "very afraid" of having

A)cancer.
B)diabetes.
C)heart problems.
D)psychological problems.

Question 50

15-55.Behavior characterized by noncompetitiveness,patience,and a lack of aggression is called

A)Type B behavior pattern.
B)psychological imbalance.
C)Type A behavior pattern.
D)polyphasic activities.

Question 51

15-50.Research indicates that stress can produce direct physiological effects,such as

A)elevated blood pressure.
B)psychological disorders.
C)decreased hormonal activity.
D)increase in immune system functioning.

Question 52

15-59.Marion is 40 years old.According to the American Cancer Society and the American College of Radiology,she should start having mammograms

A)every year.
B)every other year.
C)every 5 years.
D)after age 50.

Question 53

15-44.Certain chronic illnesses begin to appear during middle adulthood.Which of the following would be considered a chronic illness typically occurring during this time?

A)irritable bowel syndrome
B)diabetes
C)atrial fibrillation
D)fibromyalgia

Question 54

15-48.Which of the following are experts in studying the relationships among the brain,the immune system,and psychological factors?

A)psychologists
B)medical practitioners
C)pharmacologists
D)psychoneuroimmunologists

Question 55

15-45.The "silent killer" refers to

A)alcoholism.
B)drug addiction.
C)strokes.
D)hypertension.

Question 56

15-51.Research indicates that stress can produce indirect health-related behaviors,such as

A)increased and habitual risk-taking behaviors.
B)increased compliance with medical advice.
C)increased delays in seeking medical care.
D)increased likelihood of seeking medical advice.

Question 57

15-53.Which country has the lowest rate of heart and coronary disease?

A)Argentina
B)Poland
C)United States
D)Japan

Question 58

15-41.A physical change that occurs frequently in men during climacteric is

A)heart problems.
B)pulmonary difficulties.
C)enlargement of the prostate gland.
D)hypertension.

Question 59

15-47.Since chronic illnesses begin to appear during middle adulthood,the death rate during this period

A)is stable.
B)is about the same.
C)decreases.
D)increases.

Question 60

15-54.Behavior that is categorized by competitiveness,impatience,and a tendency toward frustration and hostility is called

A)Type B behavior pattern.
B)psychological imbalance.
C)Type A behavior pattern.
D)polyphasic activities.

Question 61

15-78.When information in memory is held for 15 to 25 seconds,it is called

A)short-term memory.
B)sequential memory.
C)sensory memory.
D)long-term memory.

Question 62

15-76.Memory is traditionally viewed in terms of three sequential components,including which of the following?

A)autobiographical memory
B)sequential memory
C)sensory memory
D)muscle memory

Question 63

15-80.Mary looks at the phone number of her favorite pizza restaurant for a few seconds,and then walks into the other room to call to order.Mary remembers the phone number in its correct sequence.Mary is taking advantage of

A)short-term memory.
B)sequential memory.
C)sensory memory.
D)long-term memory.

Question 64

15-65.When developmentalists looked at the two kinds of intelligence,fluid and crystallized,to determine if intelligence continues to grow,slow,or decline with age,they determined that

A)fluid intelligence does decline;however,crystallized intelligence holds steady and can improve.
B)crystallized intelligence does decline;however,fluid intelligence holds steady and can improve.
C)both fluid and crystallized intelligence decline with age.
D)both fluid and crystallized intelligence improve with age.

Question 65

15-63.Intelligence that reflects information processing capabilities,reasoning,and memory is called

A)crystallized intelligence.
B)verbal intelligence.
C)fluid intelligence.
D)perceptual intelligence.

Question 66

15-67.According to developmental psychologist K.Warner Schaie,numeric ability tends to increase until the

A)mid-50s,is lower at age 60,and then stays steady.
B)mid-40s,is lower at age 60,and then stays steady.
C)mid-30s,is lower at age 60,and then stays steady.
D)mid-20s,is lower at age 60,and then stays steady.

Question 67

15-62.Based upon longitudinal studies,a different developmental pattern for intelligence was revealed that showed

A)some adults showed fairly stable intelligence until the mid-20s.
B)some adults showed increasing intelligence test scores until the mid-50s.
C)some adults showed increasing intelligence test scores in some cases up to the mid-70s.
D)adults' intelligence significantly slowed around their mid-30s.

Question 68

15-68.According to developmental psychologist K.Warner Schaie,verbal ability rises until about the start of the _______ and stays fairly steady throughout life.

A)50s
B)30s
C)60s
D)40s

Question 69

15-71.Alice is a 52-year-old typist working in the same law firm as 28-year-old Juliet.Both are considered excellent at their jobs,even though Alice is older and has some delay in her reaction time.What is it that permits Alice to perform her job the same as Juliet?

A)Alice is given less arduous work to complete,while Juliet receives more challenging assignments.
B)Juliet lacks experience and understanding of the complex material.
C)Alice has developed selective optimization,whereby she can look further into the material to compensate for her typing time.
D)Alice has greater verbal skills development than Juliet.

Question 70

15-64.Intelligence that represents the accumulation of information,skills,and strategies that people have learned through experience and that they can apply in problem-solving situations is called

A)crystallized intelligence.
B)verbal intelligence.
C)fluid intelligence.
D)perceptual intelligence.

Question 71

15-66.According to developmental psychologist K.Warner Schaie,inductive reasoning,spatial orientation,perceptual speed,and verbal memory begin to decline very gradually around age

A)50.
B)30.
C)25.
D)40.

Question 72

15-61.What is a likely explanation for the results from cross-sectional studies showing that older people are less likely to score as well as younger subjects on traditional intelligence tests?

A)improper administration of testing
B)cohort effects
C)testing bias
D)improper test design

Question 73

15-72.The acquisition of skill or knowledge in a particular area is called

A)expertise.
B)sensory memory.
C)long-term memory.
D)selective optimization.

Question 74

15-79.When information in memory is rehearsed and stored on a relatively permanent basis,it is called

A)short-term memory.
B)sequential memory.
C)sensory memory.
D)long-term memory.

Question 75

15-73.When Walter devotes attention and practice to completing tax returns,and has gained experience in that area,he is demonstrating

A)expertise.
B)sensory memory.
C)long-term memory.
D)selective optimization.

Question 76

15-74.Which of the following affects whether or not a person develops expertise?

A)professional responsibilities
B)gender
C)genetic proclivity
D)discrimination

Question 77

15-70.The process by which people concentrate on particular skill areas to compensate for losses in other areas is called

A)expertise.
B)sensory memory.
C)long-term memory.
D)selective optimization.

Question 78

15-77.The initial,momentary storage of information that lasts only an instant,and is raw and meaningless,is called

A)short-term memory.
B)sequential memory.
C)sensory memory.
D)long-term memory.

Question 79

15-69.One reason why brain functioning begins to change in middle adulthood is that

A)middle-aged adults do not take good care of themselves,and it affects the health of their brains.
B)middle-aged adults carry greater loads of stress,which adversely affects their health.
C)researchers have found that 20 genes that are vital to learning,memory,and mental flexibility begin to function less efficiently as early as age 40.
D)middle-aged adults are too busy to participate in mental learning and activities to maintain mental flexibility.

Question 80

15-75.Which of the following is true regarding memory loss in middle-aged people?

A)All middle-aged people can expect to experience significant memory loss.
B)Middle-aged people may attribute absent-mindedness to aging,even though they have actually been absent-minded most of their lives.
C)All middle-aged people will experience some memory loss starting in their 40s,with memory loss stabilizing around 70.
D)Middle-aged people have memory loss for different things.