Deck 13: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Adulthood

Question 1

Regular exercise improves a person's overall physical health by improving which of the following?

A)dietary intake
B)lung capacity and endurance
C)brain density
D)sensory organ functioning

Answer 1

B

Question 2

13-20.The landmark legislation which mandates full access for people in wheelchairs to public establishments such as stores,office buildings,hotels,and theaters is called the

A)Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA).
B)Equal Employment Act.
C)Civil Rights Act.
D)Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).

Answer 2

D

Question 3

13-11.Which of the following groups of people are more likely to die in young adulthood as a result of risky lifestyle decisions and secondary aging?

A)Caucasian American women
B)African American men
C)Caucasian American men
D)African American women

Answer 3

B

Question 4

13-13.Which is the most likely cause of death for African American men?

A)automobile accidents
B)murder
C)drug overdose
D)suicide

Question 5

13-19.Fewer than ____ of disabled people finish high school.

A)10%
B)25%
C)15%
D)35%

Question 6

13-12.Which of the following developed countries has the highest murder rate?

A)Israel
B)Scotland
C)United States
D)Japan

Question 7

The natural physical decline brought about by aging is called

A)maturation.
B)puberty.
C)senescence.
D)adolescence.

Question 8

Which body part continues to exhibit growth in both size and weight during early adulthood?

A)legs
B)chest and arms
C)feet
D)brain

Question 9

Adults who are in their 20s and 30s are at higher risk of dying from

A)alcoholism.
B)automobile accidents.
C)drug abuse.
D)AIDS,cancer,heart disease,and suicide.

Question 10

13-18.Statistics suggest that disabled people are generally

A)well taken care of by the government.
B)well taken care of by their families.
C)undereducated and underemployed.
D)better off than nondisabled Americans.

Question 11

Physical declines brought about by environmental factors of an individual's behavioral choices are called

A)risk factors.
B)maturity.
C)secondary aging.
D)primary aging.

Question 12

13-16.The term for body weight that is 20% or more above the average weight for a person of a given height is called

A)gluttony.
B)obesity.
C)maturity.
D)disability.

Question 13

According to the American College of Sports Medicine and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,people should participate in at least

A)1 hour of exercise at least 5 days a week.
B)30 minutes of vigorous activity at least 5 days a week.
C)30 minutes of moderate activity at least 5 days a week.
D)10 minutes of activity at least 5 days a week.

Question 14

13-15.Many people who have normal weight for their height during young adulthood put on weight as they age because

A)as they become more successful,they can afford to eat more expensive and fattening food.
B)they never learn to reduce their caloric intake as they age.
C)they have no access to good nutritional information.
D)they do not have an accurate body image of themselves as they gain weight.

Question 15

By age ____,illness and disease overtake accidents as the leading cause of death,and,statistically speaking,this is the first time this occurs since infancy.

A)50
B)40
C)25
D)35

Question 16

In general,a professional athlete's career peaks when the athlete reaches his/her

A)30s.
B)40s.
C)late teens.
D)early 20s.

Question 17

13-17.The term for a condition that substantially limits a major life activity such as walking or vision is a(n)

A)impediment.
B)birth defect.
C)disability.
D)setback.

Question 18

13-10.Molly is a 27-year-old female who looks years older than her actual age.She lives a high-risk lifestyle that includes regular use of alcohol,tobacco,and illicit drugs,and she has never exercised regularly.Molly's behavioral choices have likely brought about

A)illness and disease.
B)secondary aging.
C)mental illness.
D)early death.

Question 19

Regular exercise is related to which of the following?

A)decreased mortality
B)improved mental health and stress management
C)decreased longevity
D)increased physical injuries

Question 20

13-14._________ of adults in the United States are obese.

A)One-quarter
B)One-half
C)One-third
D)Three-quarters

Question 21

13-40.The success with which young adults deal with stress depends upon their general tendency to deal with stress in a particular way,called

A)hardiness.
B)social support.
C)coping style.
D)emotion-focused coping.

Question 22

13-28.If a student assesses the situation to determine how much time it will take to adequately study for the upcoming exam,this is an example of

A)academic review.
B)secondary appraisal.
C)primary appraisal.
D)time-management skills.

Question 23

13-35.Jayne is having difficulty finding adequate,affordable daycare for her child while she is at work.Instead of focusing on the negative,she looks at the bright side and realizes that at least she has a good job in a tight economy.Jayne is utilizing

A)coping.
B)emotion-focused coping.
C)defensive coping.
D)problem-focused coping.

Question 24

13-32.Which of the following is NOT considered a psychosomatic disorder?

A)asthma
B)arthritis
C)ulcers
D)cancer

Question 25

13-30.Which of the following is most likely to lead to the greatest increase in stress?

A)adopting a new baby
B)cooking dinner for the family
C)driving in the car with kids
D)studying for a final exam

Question 26

13-31.Medical problems caused by the interaction of psychological,emotional,and physical difficulties are called

A)psychosomatic disorders.
B)psychological disorders.
C)neuropsychological conditions.
D)psychotic episodes.

Question 27

13-22.How well people cope with stress is an interplay between

A)financial assets and family support system.
B)physical and psychological factors.
C)family support and ability to prioritize.
D)intellectual/cognitive abilities and management skills.

Question 28

13-21.The physical and emotional response to events that threaten or challenge us is called

A)fear.
B)fight or flight.
C)stress.
D)psychosis.

Question 29

13-23.What is the name for the new field of study that researches the relationship among the brain,immune system,and psychological factors with regard to stress-related events?

A)psychosocial medicine
B)interpersonal relationship development
C)neuropsychology
D)psychoneuroimmunology

Question 30

13-27.According to researchers Arnold Lazarus and Susan Folkman,the assessment of whether one's coping abilities and resources are adequate to overcome the harm,threat,or challenge posed by the potential stressor is called

A)psychological review.
B)primary appraisal.
C)secondary appraisal.
D)psychological challenge.

Question 31

13-25.Theo returned home from vacationing in Europe.While he was flying home,his father died after suffering a heart attack.When told of his father's death,Theo suffered from symptoms similar to a panic attack.Which of the following terms provides the best description of the immediate effect of Theo's reaction to his father's death?

A)chronic stressor
B)primary appraisal
C)secondary appraisal
D)acute stressor

Question 32

13-29.If a student assesses the situation to determine how much time he/she has available to devote to studying for an upcoming exam,this is an example of

A)academic review.
B)secondary appraisal.
C)primary appraisal.
D)time-management skills.

Question 33

13-33.The effort to control,reduce,or learn to tolerate the threats that lead to stress is called

A)stress management.
B)hardiness.
C)coping.
D)defensive coping.

Question 34

13-36.Assistance and comfort provided to a person dealing with a stressful situation is known as

A)counseling.
B)social support.
C)sounding off.
D)stress management.

Question 35

13-39.When people unconsciously try to prevent themselves from experiencing emotions to avoid the pain brought about by the experience,this is known as

A)passive-aggressive behavior.
B)emotional insulation.
C)hardiness.
D)emotion-focused coping.

Question 36

13-37.Allison is having a great deal of difficulty in her statistics class.She goes to her teacher to discuss ways in which she can improve her skills,or even drop the class if necessary.Allison is demonstrating

A)coping.
B)emotion-focused coping.
C)defensive coping.
D)problem-focused coping.

Question 37

13-34.When a person attempts to control stress by using conscious regulation of emotions,this is known as

A)coping.
B)emotion-focused coping.
C)defensive coping.
D)hardiness.

Question 38

13-26.According to researchers Arnold Lazarus and Susan Folkman,the assessment of an event to determine whether its implications are positive,negative,or neutral is called

A)psychological review.
B)primary appraisal.
C)secondary appraisal.
D)psychological challenge.

Question 39

13-38.When a person attempts coping that involves unconscious strategies that distort or deny the true nature of a situation,this is called

A)emotion-focused coping.
B)hardiness.
C)defensive coping.
D)substitution.

Question 40

13-24.This new field of study suggests that when a stressful situation is encountered,several biological reactions occur,including which of the following?

A)hormone secretion
B)lowered in heart rate and blood pressure
C)decreased respiration and sweating
D)lightheadedness or unconscious episodes

Question 41

13-48.An interest in,and appreciation for,argument,counterargument,and debate is called

A)dialectical thinking.
B)moralistic thinking.
C)postformal thought.
D)logical thinking.

Question 42

13-51.According to developmental psychologist K.Warner Schaie,the first stage of cognitive development,encompassing all of childhood and adolescence,in which the main developmental task is to acquire information,is called the

A)achieving stage.
B)responsible stage.
C)acquisitive stage.
D)executive stage.

Question 43

13-53.According to Schaie,what is the mission of childhood and adolescence?

A)responsibility
B)acquisition
C)achievement
D)reintegration

Question 44

13-50.According to research by psychologist William Perry,students entering Harvard University tended to have a view of the world where they reasoned that something was good or bad,people were good or bad,and others were for them or against them.He called this

A)postformal thought.
B)dualistic thinking.
C)dialectical thinking.
D)formal operational thought.

Question 45

13-45.Researcher Gisela Labouvie-Vief promoted _________,and Piaget believed in ________.

A)formal operations;postformal thought
B)postformal thought;formal operations
C)postformal thought;postformal thought
D)concrete operational thought;postformal thought

Question 46

13-56.According to Schaie,what is the mission of young adulthood?

A)responsibility
B)acquisition
C)achievement
D)reintegration

Question 47

13-55.Schaie believed that when young adults apply their intelligence to attain long-term goals and confront and resolve major issues such as what job to take and whom to marry,they are using an operation in the

A)responsible stage.
B)acquisitive stage.
C)reintegrative stage.
D)achieving stage.

Question 48

13-60.According to developmental psychologist K.Warner Schaie,the period in middle adulthood when people take a broader perspective than they did earlier,including concerns about the world,is called the

A)executive stage.
B)acquisitive stage.
C)responsible stage.
D)reintegrative stage.

Question 49

13-57.According to Schaie,what is the mission of the late stages of early adulthood through middle adulthood?

A)responsibility
B)acquisition
C)achievement
D)reintegration

Question 50

13-46.Researcher Gisela Labouvie-Vief suggests that

A)the nature of thinking does not change much quantitatively or qualitatively during early adulthood.
B)the nature of thinking does change quantitatively during early adulthood.
C)the nature of thinking does change qualitatively during early adulthood.
D)thinking based upon Piaget's formal operations is sufficient to explain the demands and complexities that young adults face.

Question 51

13-52.Information that is gathered as we grow up,and stored away for future use (e.g. ,education during childhood and adolescence)is an example of what Schaie calls the ________ stage.

A)achieving
B)acquisitive
C)reintegrative
D)responsible

Question 52

13-41.A personality characteristic associated with a lower rate of stress-related illness is known as

A)emotion-focused coping.
B)coping style.
C)hardiness.
D)social support.

Question 53

13-58.According to developmental psychologist K.Warner Schaie,the stage where the major concerns of middle-aged adults relate to their personal situations is called the

A)achieving stage.
B)acquisitive stage.
C)executive stage.
D)responsible stage.

Question 54

13-43.What is the term for the ability to withstand,overcome,and actually thrive following profound adversity?

A)hardiness
B)coping style
C)resilience
D)defensive coping

Question 55

13-44.According to Labouvie-Vief,the complexity of society requires specialization of thought.Therefore,thought is not necessarily based on only logic but also requires which of the following?

A)practical experience
B)intellectual superiority
C)immoral judgments
D)physical proclivity

Question 56

13-54.According to developmental psychologist K.Warner Schaie,the point reached by young adults in which intelligence is applied to specific situations involving the attainment of long-term goals regarding careers,family,and societal contributions is called the

A)achieving stage.
B)acquisitive stage.
C)reintegrative stage.
D)responsible stage.

Question 57

13-49.According to psychologist Jan Sinnot,postformal thought also takes into consideration which of the following?

A)inability to consider real-world constraints
B)a shift back and forth between an abstract,ideal solution and real-world constraints that might prevent a solution
C)that usually a person cannot reach the postformal thought process without first establishing Piaget's formal operations
D)only seeks a single right answer and an inability to consider alternative solutions

Question 58

13-47.Thinking that acknowledges that adult predicaments must sometimes be solved in relativistic terms is called

A)dialectical thinking.
B)moralistic thinking.
C)postformal thought.
D)logical thinking.

Question 59

13-59.According to Schaie,the stage in which people in early adulthood through middle adulthood are mainly concerned with protecting and nourishing their families and careers is called the

A)executive stage.
B)acquisitive stage.
C)responsible stage.
D)reintegrative stage.

Question 60

13-42.Ashley and her brother,Tim,react to stressful family situations entirely differently.Ashley is easily frustrated and tends to look at the negative side when things go wrong,while Tim has always been a person who enjoys challenges and feels capable of responding effectively no matter what the situation.Tim is demonstrating

A)hardiness.
B)coping style.
C)emotion-focused coping.
D)defensive coping.

Question 61

13-78.What type of intelligence allows some people to acquire the ability to relate to others,understand what others are experiencing,and respond to needs of others?

A)intellectual intelligence
B)practical intelligence
C)virtual intelligence
D)emotional intelligence

Question 62

13-66.When a person uses information he/she has been taught (e.g. ,choose formulas and problem-solving strategies)to solve problems in a rational way,Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence would suggest that person was demonstrating

A)contextual intelligence.
B)experiential intelligence.
C)practical intelligence.
D)componential intelligence.

Question 63

13-69.In Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence,the experiential aspect of intelligence deals with

A)how prior experiences are used in problem solving,which involves the ability to cope with new situations.
B)the analysis of data to solve problems,using previously learned information.
C)how intelligence is used to face real-world demands (i.e. ,practical intelligence).
D)how emotional experiences affect our interpretation of the information around us,and how we choose to affect change (i.e. ,emotional intelligence).

Question 64

13-77.Skills that underlie the accurate assessment,evaluation,expression,and regulation of feelings are referred to as

A)emotional intelligence.
B)practical intelligence.
C)accurate intelligence.
D)virtual intelligence.

Question 65

13-79.Sarnoff Mednick discussed the fact that the more people know about a particular subject,the less likely they are to be creative in that subject area.Which of the following quotations addresses this issue?

A)"Familiarity breeds rigidity."
B)"Familiarity enhances creativity."
C)"Creativity compounds suggestibility."
D)"Creativity stifles negative thought."

Question 66

13-64.According to Schaie,old age marks a period in which people no longer focus on acquiring knowledge to solve potential problems,but rather focus on acquiring information directed toward issues of personal interest.He calls this stage the

A)responsible stage.
B)executive stage.
C)reintegrative stage.
D)acquisitive stage.

Question 67

13-75.When it comes to predicting a person's business success as an adult,including rate of career advancement,research suggests traditional IQ tests are

A)highly reliable in predicting the success of business executives.
B)moderately reliable in predicting the success of business executives.
C)only marginally reliable in predicting the success of business executives.
D)totally unreliable in predicting the success of business executives.

Question 68

13-63.According to Schaie,what is the mission of people in late adulthood?

A)responsibility
B)executive
C)achievement
D)reintegration

Question 69

13-65.Using Schaie's stages of adult development,which of the following is an issue that a senior citizen is most likely to be focused on and interested in?

A)No Child Left Behind education legislation
B)legislation to balance the federal budget
C)legislation to enact universal health care benefits
D)legislation to enact stricter environmental regulations for protection of forests and wetlands

Question 70

13-71.When a person exhibits success facing everyday,real-world demands such as those found in on-the-job professional demands,Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence would suggest that person was demonstrating

A)contextual intelligence.
B)experiential intelligence.
C)practical intelligence.
D)componential intelligence.

Question 71

13-80.Combining responses or ideas in novel ways defines

A)intelligence.
B)creativity.
C)emotional enhancement.
D)intellectual capacity.

Question 72

13-62.According to developmental psychologist K.Warner Schaie,the period of late adulthood during which the focus is on tasks that have personal meaning is called the

A)responsible stage.
B)reintegrative stage.
C)executive stage.
D)achieving stage.

Question 73

13-61.According to Schaie,the stage in which people in middle adulthood may become involved in town government,service clubs,charitable groups,unions and organizations,where they have a larger purpose in society and can look beyond their individual/family situations is called the

A)responsible stage.
B)reintegrative stage.
C)executive stage.
D)achieving stage.

Question 74

13-68.Psychologist Robert Sternberg proposed a theory that intelligence is made up of three major components: componential,experiential,and contextual,which he called

A)stages of adult development theory.
B)formal operational thought theory.
C)postformal thought theory.
D)triarchic theory of intelligence.

Question 75

13-73.According to the text,which of the following of Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence has come to be called "practical intelligence"?

A)componential intelligence
B)experiential intelligence
C)contextual intelligence
D)emotional intelligence

Question 76

13-67.When a person solves problems by utilizing his/her prior experience,as well as insight and coping ability/skills for new situations,Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence would suggest that person was demonstrating

A)contextual intelligence.
B)experiential intelligence.
C)practical intelligence.
D)componential intelligence.

Question 77

13-74.According to Robert Sternberg,the IQ score from traditional tests,such as those administered in a psychoeducational evaluation in schools,relates well to

A)emotional and interpersonal relationship success.
B)adult career success.
C)success in adult relationships.
D)academic success.

Question 78

13-70.According to Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence,which type of intellectual assessment measure would be useful when trying to predict adult success?

A)contextual intelligence
B)experiential intelligence
C)practical intelligence
D)componential intelligence

Question 79

13-72.Traditional intelligence tests,such as those used in psychoeducational evaluations in schools,usually focus on which of Sternberg's aspects of intelligence?

A)contextual intelligence
B)experiential intelligence
C)practical intelligence
D)componential intelligence

Question 80

13-76.Johnny has watched his twin brother climb up and down the stairs.When his brother reaches the top of the stairs,he immediately goes to his mother and she gives him a treat.Johnny is now attempting to climb stairs.According to Sternberg,this is an example of

A)emotional intelligence.
B)intellectual intelligence.
C)practical intelligence.
D)social intelligence.