Deck 8: Nominal and Ordinal Measures of Association

Question 1

Which of the following values for a statistic is clearly incorrect because it is outside the statistic's range?

A) Cramer's V = .00
B) gamma = .40
C) Kendall's tau-b = .80
D) lambda = 1.20

Answer 1

lambda = 1.20

Question 2

Which of the following measures of association comes in an asymmetric form?

A) Cramer's V
B) gamma
C) lambda
D) Kendall's tau-c

Answer 2

lambda

Question 3

The value of Cramer's V is .65. This indicates what type of relationship?

A) strong and positive
B) strong
C) very strong and positive
D) very strong

Answer 3

very strong

Question 4

Which measures of association indicate the strength of a relationship?

A) nominal, ordinal, and interval/ratio measures of association
B) only ordinal and interval/ratio measures of association
C) only interval/ratio measures of association
D) no measures of association indicate the strength of a relationship

Question 5

If a measure of association is asymmetric,

A) it matters which is the independent variable and which is the dependent variable
B) the statistic can take on only positive values
C) the statistic can take on only negative values
D) the statistic can be used to measure the association between variables that have different levels of measurement

Question 6

If two variables are inversely related, cases that have low scores on one variable will tend to have _____ scores on the other variable.

A) high
B) low
C) missing

Question 7

If two variables are positively related, cases that have low scores on one variable will tend to have _____ scores on the other variable.

A) high
B) low
C) missing

Question 8

Which of the following measures of association indicates the direction of a relationship?

A) Cramer's V
B) lambda
C) uncertainty coefficient
D) Kendall's tau-c

Question 9

Which of the following gamma values indicates the strongest relationship?

A) −.50
B) .00
C) .10
D) .85

Question 10

Which of the following gamma values indicates the weakest relationship?

A) −.90
B) −.45
C) .05
D) .55

Question 11

Which of the following is a nominal measure of association?

A) coefficient of contingency
B) Kendall's tau-b
C) Kendall's tau-c
D) Somers' d

Question 12

Which of the following is most appropriate for measuring the relationship between an ordinal variable and an ordinal variable?

A) Cramer's V
B) Kendall's tau-b
C) lambda
D) phi

Question 13

Your hypothesis is that the taller a person is, the more self-confident he or she is. Height is an interval/ratio variable measured in inches; self-confidence is a five category ordinal variable with higher scores indicating greater self-confidence. The value of Somers' d is −.68. Does this measure of association

A) support the hypothesis
B) contradict the hypothesis

Question 14

Which measures of association indicate the direction of a relationship?

A) nominal, ordinal, and interval/ratio measures of association
B) only ordinal and interval/ratio measures of association
C) only interval/ratio measures of association
D) no measures of association indicate the strength of a relationship

Question 15

Which of the following tau-b coefficients indicates the strongest relationship?

A) −.90
B) −.55
C) .00
D) .45

Question 16

You want to see what percent of persons in each region say they are very happy with their life. Which type of analysis should you do?

A) create a crosstab with appropriate percents
B) create a frequency table for each variable
C) compute a measure of association
D) compute the median for each variable

Question 17

If Jim and Mary form a concordant pair on the variables height and weight, then

A) one of them is both taller and heavier than the other
B) one of them is taller but the other is heavier
C) they are both the same height and both the same weight

Question 18

Which statistic is modeled after Pearson's r but transforms the scores on both variables to ranks before calculating the measure of association?

A) Cramer's V
B) gamma
C) Somers' d
D) Spearman's correlation

Question 19

The number of years a person has been married and their level of happiness with their marriage have a Kendall's tau-b value of .75. Which of the following is true?

A) Persons married fewer years tend to be happier with their marriage.
B) Persons married fewer years tend to be just as happy with their marriage as persons married more years.
C) Persons married more years tend to be happier with their marriage.
D) Persons married more years tend to be less happy with their marriage.

Question 20

Which of the following measures of association does NOT indicate the direction of a relationship?

A) Cramer's V
B) Pearson's r
C) Somers' d
D) tau-b

Question 21

For describing a relationship between two variables, what information does a measure of association provide that an examination of percents, medians, or modes in a crosstab does not?

Question 22

You want to see if there is a positive relationship between social class and number of friends. Which type of analysis should you do?

A) create a frequency table for each variable
B) compute the mean for each variable
C) compute a measure of association
D) compute the variance for each variable
(Note: * indicates

Question 23

What kinds of questions can you answer using a measure of association?

Question 24

Which of the following is most appropriate for measuring the relationship between a nominal and an ordinal variable?

A) Cramer's V
B) Kendall's tau-b
C) gamma
D) Spearman's correlation

Question 25

Why would it not make sense for a nominal measure of association to indicate direction of the relationship?

Question 26

What are the names of two nominal measures of association?

Question 27

Explain the difference between a positive association between two variables and a negative relationship between two variables.

Question 28

What is the difference between a symmetric and an asymmetric measure of association?

Question 29

Which of the following is an ordinal measure of association?

A) Cramer's V
B) Kendall's tau-b
C) lambda
D) uncertainty coefficient

Question 30

What are the names of two ordinal measures of association?

Question 31

The height of a child and the age of a child are

A) inversely related
B) negatively related
C) positively related

Question 32

If two variables are negatively related, cases that have high scores on one variable will tend to have _____ scores on the other variable.

A) high
B) low
C) missing

Question 33

If Betty and Ann form a discordant pair on the variables 1^st exam grade and 2^nd exam grade, then

A) one of them got the better grade on both exams
B) one of them got the better grade on the 1^st exam but the other got the better grade on the 2^nd exam
C) they both got the same grade on one of the exams
D) one of them got the same grade on both exams

Question 34

If you know nothing about a person, the best guess to make about his or her religion is whatever the most common religion is. Always guessing the most common religion, you will make quite a few incorrect guesses. Assume the value of lambda for the relationship between race and religious affiliation is .65. By what proportion could you reduce your number of errors if, before you guess their religious affiliation, you are told their race?

A) .00
B) .35
C) .65
D) 1.00

Question 35

Which of the following values for a statistic is clearly incorrect because it is outside the statistic's range?

A) Cramer's V = −.45
B) lambda = .00
C) Kendall's tau-b = .50
D) Somers' d = −.88

Question 36

What is the difference between a concordant pair of cases and a discordant pair of cases?

Question 37

How do you decide for a pair of variables whether you need a nominal, ordinal, or interval/ratio measure of association?

Question 38

Which of the following is a proportional reduction in error (PRE) measure of association?

A) Cramer's V
B) gamma
C) lambda
D) tau-b