Deck 4: Sampling and Generalizability

Question 1

In which sampling technique does every k^th name on the list get selected?

A) simple random sampling
B) systematic sampling
C) stratified sampling
D) cluster sampling

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What type of sampling is usually the easiest to do?

A) quota sampling
B) simple random sampling
C) convenience sampling
D) cluster sampling

Answer 2

C

Question 3

In which sampling technique are units of individuals selected rather than the individuals themselves?

A) simple random sampling
B) systematic sampling
C) stratified sampling
D) cluster sampling

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which sampling technique can assure that the profile of the sample matches the profile of the population?

A) simple random sampling
B) systematic sampling
C) stratified sampling
D) cluster sampling

Question 5

In which sampling technique does each member of the population have an equal and independent chance of being selected to be part of the sample?

A) simple random sampling
B) systematic sampling
C) stratified sampling
D) cluster sampling

Question 6

Which sampling technique is the most time-consuming?

A) simple random sampling
B) quota sampling
C) systematic sampling
D) cluster sampling

Question 7

A table of random numbers _________________________________.

A) is used in nonprobability sampling methods
B) can be used to create a stratified sample
C) works well with convenience sampling
D) is a list of ordered numbers from which the researcher closes his eyes and randomly points until he obtains the desired number for his sample

Question 8

If you are mailing out surveys for your research, you should increase your sample size by what percent?

A) 10%-15%
B) 20%-30%
C) 40%-50%
D) 60%-70%

Question 9

In a study focused on group difference, what is the general rule of thumb regarding the number of individuals per group?

A) 15
B) 30
C) 50
D) 100

Question 10

What is the purpose of a table of random numbers?

A) determine the number of subjects in a study
B) decide what statistical test to use
C) randomly assign people to groups
D) number items on a questionnaire

Question 11

When is a stratified sample an appropriate sampling technique?

A) specific characteristics of the population are of no concern
B) individuals in a population are not equal
C) each member must have an equal chance of being selected
D) you have a small population

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true of systematic sampling?

A) more precise than simple random sampling
B) a little more difficult and involved than simple random sampling
C) not all members of the population have an equal chance to be selected
D) ensures that the profile of the sample matches the profile of the population

Question 13

What does generalizability refers to?

A) results that may be applied to different populations in different settings
B) results that apply only to the sample studied
C) convenience sampling
D) using a table of random numbers

Question 14

What type of sampling selects people with the desired characteristics until the desired number is reached?

A) convenience sampling
B) quota sampling
C) stratified sampling
D) systematic sampling

Question 15

Which one of the following is a characteristic of probability sampling?

A) It does not represent the larger population.
B) The probability of selecting any one subject is unknown.
C) Subjects are selected out of convenience.
D) Subjects are determined by chance factors.

Question 16

Which of the following statements is a definition of sampling error?

A) the difference in characteristics between the sample and the population sampled from
B) the difference in amount of people between the sample and the population sampled from
C) greatest when using simple random sampling than other sampling types
D) larger when you have a larger sample

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a probability sampling method?

A) simple random sampling
B) quota sampling
C) stratified sampling
D) cluster sampling

Question 18

When might you need a larger sample to represent the population?

A) the amount of variability within groups is high
B) the amount of variability within groups is small
C) the difference between the two groups is great
D) both a and c

Question 19

What is the most unbiased tool that can be used in random selection?

A) random sampling
B) table of random numbers
C) quota sampling
D) direct sampling

Question 20

Which sampling technique should be used when the population's members differ from one another on several important characteristics?

A) quota sampling
B) simple random sampling
C) systematic sampling
D) stratified random sampling

Question 21

Which of these statements is true regarding cluster sampling?

A) one example of a nonprobability sampling method
B) individuals grouped together based on cluster of profile characteristics
C) minimizes the risk of bias due to a heterogeneous population
D) a great time-saver compared to simple random sampling

Question 22

Susan calls every 10th name in the student phone book to ask them to participate in her study. This is an example of ________________________.

A) simple random sampling
B) stratified sampling
C) convenience sampling
D) quota sampling

Question 23

Estimating sample size requires that you know which of the following?

A) standard deviations of the independent variable
B) critical values needed at the .60 level of rejection
C) overall differences estimated between groups
D) desired number in the sample

Question 24

What is a disadvantage of quota sampling?

A) It is time-consuming and tedious.
B) There are no disadvantages.
C) The degree of generalizability is questionable.
D) It is expensive.

Question 25

Why is generalizability the key to a successful study?

Question 26

Which of the following statements is true with respect to sample size?

A) use small samples when mailing questionnaires
B) the greater the number of subgroups of interest to the study, the larger the sample
C) more subjects are always better
D) large samples increase sampling error

Question 27

Why does increasing the number of people in a sample decrease the sampling error?

Question 28

Why is the statement "the larger the sample, the better" NOT always accurate?

Question 29

How might a researcher minimize sampling error?

A) using convenience samples
B) randomly assigning individuals to groups
C) decreasing sample size
D) asking friends to answer a questionnaire

Question 30

What is the difference between probability and nonprobability sampling?

Question 31

Sally selects classrooms of first graders to study the effects of teaching styles on math achievement. This is an example of ________________________.

A) stratified random sampling
B) cluster sampling
C) proportional sampling
D) sampling error

Question 32

Which of the following selection processes is the most random?

A) using a class of introductory psychology students
B) picking every third person
C) using a table of random numbers to select from the list of possible participants
D) throwing darts at the names of subjects on a dartboard

Question 33

Explain how to use a table of random numbers.

Question 34

Which of the following explains the use of probability sampling?

A) the likelihood of any one member of a population being selected is known
B) the likelihood any one member of a population being selected is unknown
C) randomly selecting any one member from the population is effective
D) randomly selecting any one member from the population is underestimated

Question 35

David asks the first 10 freshmen he sees on campus a series of questions. This is an example of a ____________ sampling technique.

A) convenience
B) simple random
C) quota
D) proportional stratified

Question 36

Sampling error can be defined by which of the following statements?

A) increased by increasing sample size
B) larger as the diversity of sample values becomes smaller
C) can be minimized by using simple random sampling
D) becomes equal to zero over many samples

Question 37

When might you need a larger sample to represent the population?

A) the amount of variability within groups is small
B) the difference between the two groups is small
C) the difference between the two groups is great
D) both a and c