Deck 1: The American Labor Movement

Question 1

The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938:

A) Abolished child labor, created a standard 40-hour workweek, and provided a federal minimum wage.
B) Only created a standard 40-hour workweek.
C) Only provided a federal minimum wage.
D) Only created a standard 40-hour workweek and provided a federal minimum wage.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following was the first national trade union to advocate collective bargaining, trade autonomy, exclusive jurisdiction, standard hours, and better wages and working conditions?

A) Clayton Act
B) Civil Service Reform Act
C) AFL and CIO merge
D) American Federation of Labor AFL)

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which Act required employers to meet with accredited representatives of a majority of their employees and to make an effort to reach an agreement on issues raised?

A) Norris-LaGuardia Act
B) Wagner Act
C) Walsh-Healy Act
D) Erdman Act

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which organization was often employed by company owners to assist them during a labor strike?

A) "Molly Maguires"
B) "Wobblies"
C) Pinkerton agents
D) Knights of Labor

Question 5

_____ staged the first "sit-in" strike, occupying the General Motors auto plant in Flint, Michigan.

A) Teamsters
B) The United Auto Workers
C) Industrial workers
D) Craft workers

Question 6

Which enabled the President to broaden the merit system and was the foundation of the present federal civil service system?

A) The Wagner Act
B) The Taft-Hartley Act
C) The Civil War
D) Pendleton Act

Question 7

Which of the following topics was mentioned frequently around the nation in the speeches of Eugene Debs?

A) Karl Marx's "Das Kapital"
B) Years of strikebreaking by hired thugs
C) Debs's objection to the U.S. entry into World War I
D) Government troops breaking up the Pullman Strike

Question 8

The __________ stated that labor was not a commodity, that the existence and operation of labor was not prohibited by antitrust, and that the individual members of unions were not restrained from lawful activities.

A) Clayton Act
B) Railway Labor Act
C) Norris-LaGuardia Act
D) Wagner Act

Question 9

The __________ provided the following "right to work" law: To give states the right to outlaw union shop requirements in collective bargaining agreements so that employees can refrain from joining the union representing them at the bargaining table.

A) Taft-Hartley Amendments
B) Walsh-Healey Act
C) Fair Labor Standards Act
D) Landrum-Griffin Act

Question 10

From 1935 to 1947, union membership:

A) Fell due to World War II.
B) Fell from 3 million to 1 million.
C) Grew from 3 million to 5 million.
D) Grew from 3 million to 15 million.

Question 11

Which of the following provided for a bipartisan three-member Civil Service Commission to draw up and administer competitive examinations to determine the fitness of appointees to federal office?

A) The Wagner Act
B) The Taft-Hartley Act
C) Pendleton Act
D) The union president

Question 12

The primary goal of the Taft-Hartley Act was to:

A) Create the NLRB.
B) Freeze the federal minimum wage.
C) "Equalize" power between labor and management.
D) Eliminate child labor.

Question 13

John D. Rockefeller, Jr. started the ________.

A) Pullman Strike
B) Civil Services Reform Act
C) Company Unions
D) Clayton Act

Question 14

Young women found work in textile mills in the 1840s but did not stay long enough to unionize because:

A) They were discharged for incompetence.
B) They took the jobs temporarily to help save the family farm.
C) The mills closed.
D) Pregnant women were not allowed to work in Colonial America.

Question 15

The National Labor Relations Act provided all of the following except which of the following?

A) Most private sector employees' right to organize.
B) Most public sector employees' right to organize.
C) Required employers to meet with union representatives.
D) Created the NLRB.

Question 16

The following established a national labor policy recognizing the need for collective bargaining as a way to eliminate and mitigate industrial strife:

A) National Labor Relations Act.
B) Maintenance of Membership.
C) Preamble.
D) Check and Balance Rule.

Question 17

Which of the following equalizes) the balance between labor and management?

A) National union bylaws
B) The AFL-CIO
C) The Taft-Hartley Amendments
D) The Wagner Act

Question 18

The American labor movement of the 1800s was partly based on two competing ideas. The second one was individualism-people can become successful through hard work. The first idea was:

A) State's rights-each state is sovereign.
B) The Wagner Act.
C) Community-people with common interests can best work to collectively solve their problems.
D) Grievance arbitration of disputes.

Question 19

Which 1800s national social union was formed to organize farmers and skilled and unskilled workers?

A) National Labor Union
B) Knights of Labor
C) Socialist Labor Movement
D) American Federation of Labor

Question 20

The Landrum-Griffin Act _______________.

A) Rejects the rise in union membership
B) Protects the democratic nature of unions
C) Supports Senate hearings on corruption in unions
D) Provides public sympathy for farm workers

Question 21

In Commonwealth v. Hunt, the court found that to be considered criminal:

A) Conspiracies by employees required either an illegal means or legal ends.
B) Conspiracies by employees against employers could never be found illegal.
C) Conspiracies by employees required illegal actions against the government.
D) The action must violate a federal or state law.

Question 22

The state militia ended the first "sit-down" strike staged by autoworkers in Flint, Michigan in 1936.

Question 23

Which of the following was passed in 1939 after politicians used their control over Works Progress Administration WPA) programs to influence elections?

A) Pendleton Act
B) Federal Labor Relations Act
C) Sovereignty Doctrine
D) Hatch Act

Question 24

Fannie Sellins was killed for her union activities.

Question 25

The foundation of the present federal civil service system was:

A) President Andrew Jackson's doctrines.
B) The 1883 Pendleton Act
C) The Civil War.
D) The 1935 Wagner Act.

Question 26

The primary objective of the Lloyd-LaFollette Act was to allow:

A) Strikes by federal workers.
B) Civil service systems for state employees.
C) Federal employee organizations to present their grievances to Congress.
D) U.S. postal workers to form a labor organization.

Question 27

The Wagner Act was amended after the LaFollette hearings on detective agencies infiltrating unions to make such a practice illegal.

Question 28

The U.S. Supreme Court in National League of Cities v. Usery 1976) confirmed:

A) Postal employees' collective bargaining rights.
B) PATCO employees' right to strike.
C) Federal employees' right to bargain collectively.
D) The right of the states to determine the labor relations rights of their own employees.

Question 29

The legal basis for collective bargaining as we know it today is found in the _____.

A) National Labor Relations Act
B) Landrum-Griffin Act
C) Civil Rights Act
D) Walsh-Healy Act

Question 30

The sovereignty doctrine requires that:

A) The government exercise its power under the influence of all the people.
B) Only the President can be authorized to negotiate collective bargaining agreements.
C) The government conducts all public business, industry labor negotiations in public meetings.
D) Only the President can determine employee wages, benefits, and working conditions.

Question 31

The Knights of Labor sought social and economic reform for workers through political action.

Question 32

In the Cordwainers Case, the employees' action was found to be illegal because:

A) They used illegal means.
B) They sought illegal ends.
C) They combined together.
D) No federal law gave them rights.

Question 33

Which of the following was not a factor that increased public employees' desires for collective bargaining in the early 1960s?

A) Private unions had surpassed public employees' ability to lobby and affect employment changes.
B) The civil service system had become an employer personnel system.
C) Increased layers of bureaucracy had freed politicians from direct contact.
D) Tight budgets had decreased their numbers through layoffs and early retirement.

Question 34

The National Partnership Council was all of the following except:

A) Enacted by President George Bush.
B) Created to advise the President on labor-management issues.
C) Made up of union leaders, representatives from the Federal Labor Relations Board, the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service, and executive branch directors.
D) Developed the goal to change the relationship and alter the process by which the managers and unions reached decisions.

Question 35

Under Title VII of the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978, the government is prohibited from all of the following except:

A) Encouragement of union membership.
B) Coercion of employees who exercise their organizational rights.
C) Negotiating a collective bargaining agreement
D) Sponsorship of a labor organization.

Question 36

Over 100 employees were killed in the Railway Strike of 1877.

Question 37

Under Title VII of the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978, a labor organization is prohibited from all of the following except:

A) Calling for a work stoppage.
B) Asking the Federal Service Impasse Panel to assist on resolving an impasse.
C) Organizing a work slowdown.
D) Discriminating against, or supporting employees, because of their union activities.

Question 38

In the public sector, governments were able to resist collective bargaining because of the _____.

A) Spoils Systems of President Andrew Jackson
B) Executive Order of President John F. Kennedy
C) National Labor Relations Act
D) Sovereignty Doctrine

Question 39

The primary motive behind the creation of the Civil Service System was to:

A) Allow a "spoils system" to operate legally.
B) Permit lobbying by federal employees.
C) Increase federal employees' pay levels.
D) Provide job security for federal employees.

Question 40

Major provisions of the Wagner Act did not include:

A) Members appointed to the National Labor Relations Board by U.S. President.
B) Employee representatives shall be exclusive representations of the appropriate unit.
C) Denial by employers of employee collective bargaining leads to strikes, industrial unrest, and obstruction of commerce.
D) Employees have the right to organize into unions as directed by the NLRB.

Question 41

If employees today combine their efforts to raise their wages, they can be found guilty of violating the Conspiracy Doctrine.

Question 42

The National Labor Relations Act is the model for public sector labor relations.

Question 43

The Fair Labor Standards Act provided minimum wage, 40-hour week, overtime pay, and the abolition of child labor.

Question 44

The Labor Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959 repealed the Taft-Hartley Act of 1947.

Question 45

The National War Labor Board gave employees collective bargaining rights during the Civil War.

Question 46

Under the Landrum-Griffin Acts' Bill of Rights, members can sue their employers.

Question 47

The Sovereignty Doctrine is defined as "the supreme," absolute, and uncontrollable power by which an independent state is governed.

Question 48

In the 1800s, most of the U.S. labor policy came from Congress.

Question 49

Organized labor has never succeeded in repealing the Labor Management Reporting and Disclosure Act.

Question 50

The Taft-Harley Act, not the National Labor Relations Board, holds federal recognition elections.

Question 51

The Wagner Act created the National Labor Relations Board.

Question 52

President Kennedy's Executive Order 10988 denied public labor organizations the right to strike.

Question 53

The Railroad Strike of 1877 established the first federal minimum wage.

Question 54

Labor relations laws apply equally to the public and private sectors.

Question 55

The Knights of Labor and the Congress of Industrial Organizations joined in 1955.

Question 56

The stock market crash of 1929 decreased public sympathy for labor's problems.

Question 57

In Commonwealth v. Hunt, the court upheld workers' right to vote.

Question 58

President Carter vetoed the 1947 Taft-Hartley Act.

Question 59

The Civil Service Reform Act creates Federal Labor Relations Authority, which oversees labor practices in the federal government.

Question 60

Public employees do not have the same right to strike as the Wagner Act gives private employees.

Question 61

The Family and Medical Leave Act law requires employers to give employees up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave for family reasons.

Question 62

At the federal level, professional employees do not have the right to form labor organizations.

Question 63

The Federal Labor Relation Authority mandates the use of binding arbitration to resolve employee grievances.

Question 64

The "sunbelt states" generally have favorable comprehensive public sector labor laws.

Question 65

Federal labor organizations are prohibited from engaging in a work stoppage.