Deck 10: A: Intelligence and Intelligence Assessment

Question 1

After an employer hires fifty widget wirers for the new plant,she gives them all the Widget Wiring Skills Test.If she later correlates scores on the test with the average daily production of widgets by the wirers,which aspect of the test is being assessed?

A)content validity
B)internal consistency
C)criterion validity

Answer 1

criterion validity

Question 2

Which general statement about test reliability and validity is most accurate?

A)A test that is not reliable is also not valid.
B)A test can be valid without also being reliable.
C)A test cannot be reliable without also being valid.
D)A test cannot be both reliable and valid.

Answer 2

A test that is not reliable is also not valid.

Question 3

As Beth repeatedly got on and off her bathroom scale one morning,she noticed that her weight was dramatically different each time.In the language of assessment,which term best describes her bathroom scale?

A)invalid.
B)nonstandard.
C)invariant.
D)unreliable.

Answer 3

unreliable.

Question 4

First the students groaned and then they let out a sigh of relief when the teacher realized her mistake.The test was supposed to be on the topic of the modern romance novel,but she inadvertently passed out exam questions that were intended for another course she was teaching on medieval poetry.What were the initial test questions lacking?

A)reliability.
B)criterion validity.
C)predictive validity.
D)construct validity.

Question 5

On the topic of genius,what position did Sir Francis Galton take?

A)Genius is a construct that does not exist.
B)Genius is determined by early childhood experiences.
C)There are more males than females in the genius category.
D)Genius is inherited.

Question 6

In the language of assessment,which term refers to a test that measures what an assessor intends it to measure?

A)reliable.
B)valid.
C)standardized.
D)invariant.

Question 7

Susan is developing the norms for a creativity test.What should Susan ensure when selecting members of the comparison group?

A)That they are similar to the individuals who will be tested.
B)That they are different from the individuals who will be tested.
C)That they have average creativity scores.
D)That they have high creativity scores.

Question 8

A youngster is taking a test in a large room.The test administrator is very careful that everyone takes the test under the same conditions.Everyone hears exactly the same instructions,and is given the same amount of time.Which term best characterizes this type of test?

A)reliable.
B)standardized.
C)valid.
D)predictive.

Question 9

How many years ago were psychological assessments first used on a large scale?

A)100
B)150
C)200
D)4,000

Question 10

A woman is part of an investigation in which she is asked to take an intelligence test and then is informed that she will have to take the same test again in approximately two weeks.What type of reliability is being described?

A)test-retest
B)parallel forms
C)internal consistency
D)split-half

Question 11

Which of the following most likely constitutes a violation of standardization when administering a test?

A)All test takers are given the same form to fill out.
B)Due to excessive noise,some students are allowed to take more time to finish the test.
C)The same set of instructions are read to everyone who is taking the test.
D)Those taking the test are reminded of the amount of time left for the test,at 15-minute intervals.

Question 12

Carl is taking a test to assess his anxiety.The questions he is asked include "How anxious are you?" and "Do you feel anxious most of the time?" What type of validity does this test most likely have?

A)face
B)criterion
C)predictive
D)construct

Question 13

The students' math scores are representative of a normal distribution.What can be assumed about the students' scores?

A)They are very high on average.
B)They are very low on average.
C)They are clustered in the middle and fewer are at the extremes.
D)They are clustered at the extremes and fewer are in the middle.

Question 14

The project director for the latest test that is being developed informs her assistant that,because of certain concerns,she wants to use an internal consistency measure of reliability for this test.What approach should the assistant take?

A)give the test two different times to two different groups of people.
B)give the test two different times to the same group of people.
C)give the test only once.
D)compare the odd-numbered questions in the first testing with the odd-numbered questions on the second testing.

Question 15

Which statement about the scientific study of intelligence would most psychologists likely agree upon?

A)human intelligence can be represented by a single numerical score.
B)intelligence has many components that should be separately assessed.
C)there are several distinct kinds of intelligence,across different domains of experience.
D)there is a difference of opinion about the nature of intelligence.

Question 16

In 1869,who wrote the highly influential book,Hereditary Genius?

A)Alfred Binet.
B)David Wechsler.
C)Sir Francis Galton.
D)Lewis Terman.

Question 17

If one is using the test-retest measurement of reliability,what will a perfectly reliable test yield?

A)a correlation coefficient of +1.00.
B)a correlation coefficient of 0.00.
C)comparable scores on parallel forms of the test.
D)high internal consistency on a measure of split-half reliability.

Question 18

When the test-retest reliability correlation is measured,it is found to be 0.02.What does this value indicate?

A)the test is highly reliable.
B)the test will be reliable two times in every one thousand administrations.
C)the same individuals who received the highest and lowest scores on the first test did so on the second test.
D)the test is unreliable.

Question 19

A researcher wants to determine if a test is reliable in terms of its internal consistency.Which approach would be most appropriate to take?

A)giving the same people the same test on two different occasions.
B)administering alternate parallel forms of exactly the same test twice.
C)comparing performance on odd- and even-numbered items.
D)training individuals carefully before allowing them to administer the test.

Question 20

A man receives a score of 50 on "The Anger Potential Scale." To understand what this score means,what else is necessary?

A)to know the validity of the test.
B)to have access to statistical norms for the test.
C)to obtain collaborating information about the individual's anger from a trained professional.
D)to know if the test was administered using a standard protocol.

Question 21

Miffy,who is 20 years old,is thrilled to report that she just took Alfred Binet's test and her mental age is 15.What should Miffy be told about her score?

A)she has a really good score; few people score 15 points above their age.
B)she has an average score; most individuals above the age of 15 score a mental age of 15.
C)she has a terrible score; she scored the same as the average 15-year old.
D)She has a terrible score; most 15-year olds score better than 15.

Question 22

What makes the Wechsler Intelligence Scales uniquely valuable?

A)They test individuals with extremely high IQs.
B)They test individuals with extremely low IQs.
C)They track specific intellectual abilities over time.
D)They measure verbal and quantitative skills.

Question 23

In constructing his intelligence test for adults,what did David Wechsler attempt to achieve?

A)a culturally-fair test that emphasized verbal items.
B)a test that could be administered to groups of individuals.
C)a test that included both verbal and performance subtests.
D)a test that included items that assessed interpersonal skills.

Question 24

Sam is taking the WAIS-IV.At the end,what will he receive?

A)a WISC score,a WPPSI score,and a WAIS-III score.
B)a crystallized intelligence score and a fluid intelligence score.
C)a Full Scale IQ,a Verbal IQ,and a Performance IQ.
D)a single IQ score.

Question 25

What do the Stanford-Binet scales and the Wechsler scales have in common?

A)they were both developed in Europe,but popularized in the United States.
B)they both measure potential,not intelligence.
C)both were written and developed at the same time.
D)both are individually administered tests of intelligence.

Question 26

A 5-year-old child has taken Alfred Binet's test of intelligence,and his parents have just been told that his mental age is nine.What does this score indicate?

A)his chronological age is nine.
B)he is less intelligent than most 9-year-olds.
C)his score equals the score of the average 9-year-old.
D)he is developmentally disabled.

Question 27

Martina was asked to derive the IQ score for one of her friends.If Martina used Terman's concept of an IQ,how would she proceed?

A)add mental age to chronological age and divide the result by 100.
B)add 110 to mental age and then divide the result by chronological age.
C)divide mental age by chronological age and multiply the result by 100.
D)add chronological age to mental age and multiply the result by 100.

Question 28

A teacher presents a video showing a psychologist administering one of David Wechsler's tests,the WPPSI-III.What age is the individual who is being tested most likely to be?

A)1 year old
B)5 years old
C)10 years old
D)20 years old

Question 29

What was one consequence of the large-scale use of intelligence testing in the United States?

A)assessment was seen as an evil that differentiated people into the haves and the have-nots.
B)the public came to accept that intelligence tests could differentiate people in terms of socially important characteristics.
C)a large section of the population became disillusioned with testing and launched a social movement against the use of intelligence testing.
D)researchers strove to develop tests that could be used on an individual basis,and moved against group testing.

Question 30

What was the practical question that eventually led to the development of the first workable intelligence test?

A)"What needs to be done to ensure a strong military-industrial complex?"
B)"What needs to be done to produce mathematically gifted students?"
C)"How can individuals be helped in their striving for self-actualization?"
D)"How can developmentally disabled children be taught more effectively?"

Question 31

Child is to adult as

A)WAIS-IV is to WISC-IV.
B)WISC-IV is to WAIS-IV.
C)WISC-IV is to WPPSI-III.
D)WPPSI-III is to WISC-IV.

Question 32

Which statement about the WAIS-IV,WISC-IV,and the WPPSI-III is accurate?

A)They are Wechsler intelligence tests for adults of different ages.
B)They are subtests of the adult version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scales.
C)They were revised recently to be administered in groups.
D)They yield full scale IQs at all age levels.

Question 33

Who carried out revisions to the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale?

A)Evelyn Stanford.
B)Lewis Terman.
C)Earl Hunt.
D)Harold Stevenson.

Question 34

Lucy is taking an intelligence test that includes problems on block design,vocabulary,arithmetic,and digit span,to name a few.What test is Lucy most likely taking?

A)Stanford-Binet
B)Terman Intelligence Test
C)WAIS
D)WPPSI

Question 35

A child is tested by Alfred Binet.Her test results indicate that she has a mental age of five.What does this mean?

A)Her score is the same as the average score of a group of 5-year-olds.
B)She is 5 years old.
C)She is developmentally delayed.
D)There is no meaning that can be attached to the fact that she has a mental age of five.

Question 36

If Terman's formula was used to determine that Jade's IQ is 125,which of the following must be true?

A)Her chronological age is greater than her mental age.
B)Her mental age is greater than her chronological age.
C)Her mental age equals her chronological age.
D)Her mental age plus her chronological age equals 125.

Question 37

Since its publication in 1916,what has been the status of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test?

A)It has remained unchanged.
B)It has not been used with individuals in the normal range of performance.
C)It has been found to have low reliability and is used on a limited basis.
D)It has been revised several times and is widely used today.

Question 38

Which statement accurately characterizes the types of test questions developed by Alfred Binet?

A)They allowed for comparison of children's responses.
B)They could not be scored as correct or incorrect.
C)They involved the same content throughout the test.
D)They assessed judgment,reasoning,and rote memory.

Question 39

A boy who is 10 years old has just tested at a mental age of eight.What would his IQ be using Terman's formula for deriving this number?

A)80
B)100
C)125
D)The score is impossible to determine from the given information.

Question 40

Which item is from one of the WAIS-IV subtests that measures perceptual reasoning?

A)Performing a series of mathematical computations.
B)Repeating a series of digits after the examiner has done so.
C)Stating how two objects such as airplane and submarine are alike.
D)Using patterned blocks to reproduce designs provided by the examiner.

Question 41

The textbook describes a study conducted on adolescents from the Yup'ik Eskimo group in Alaska.What did the results reveal in general?

A)these adolescents had a high level of analytical intelligence.
B)these adolescents had a high level of creative intelligence.
C)those who lived in urban environments had less practical intelligence than those who lived in the rural environments.
D)those who lived in urban environments had more practical intelligence than those who lived in rural environments.

Question 42

What did Charles Spearman discover when studying intelligence?

A)that the performance of individuals on a variety of intelligence tests was highly correlated.
B)that each individual domain had associated with it specific skills.
C)that a person's performance on tests depended both on general intelligence and domain-specific abilities.
D)that fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence were relatively independent.

Question 43

Jeurgen has an above average IQ,is highly original and innovative,and will complete whatever assignment is given to him with a strong sense of commitment.Which phrase describes Jeurgen most aptly?

A)He is gifted.
B)He is reliable.
C)He is honest.
D)He is good-natured.

Question 44

"My studies have shown that in fact there is only one factor,let us call it g,underlying all intelligence." Which psychologist most likely uttered this statement?

A)Howard Gardner.
B)Charles Spearman.
C)Raymond Cattell.
D)J)P.Guilford.

Question 45

Manfred is planning on completing an intelligence test online.What should Manfred consider?

A)there are serious questions about the reliability and validity of such tests.
B)the online tests seem reliable,but may be lacking in validity.
C)the range of online sites available yields fairly comparable intelligence test scores.
D)the primary attribute of such tests is that they have been standardized.

Question 46

What do family studies suggest is at the root of mild retardation?

A)poor parenting skills
B)in-utero oxygen deprivation
C)environmental toxins
D)genetic inheritance

Question 47

A group of friends has been to a concert,but finds that their car will not start when it is time to leave.One member of the group quickly helps the group find another way to get home.Based on Robert Sternberg's theory,what type of intelligence is being demonstrated?

A)analytical
B)creative
C)practicalD)crystallized

Question 48

A woman is great at dealing with situations that she has encountered before,but she has difficulty when thrown into a new situation that requires her to see complex relationships.According to Cattell,what type of intelligence is underdeveloped?

A)fluid
B)crystallized
C)componential
D)contextual

Question 49

On IQ tests today,how are decisions made concerning which individuals would be labeled as "gifted"?

A)on the basis of performance on selected test questions.
B)on the basis of verbal IQ scores
C)on the basis of cutoff points for scores.
D)if an individual's score exceeds a standard score of 110.

Question 50

According to Raymond Cattell,which type of intelligence involves the knowledge that an individual has already acquired?

A)verbal
B)nonverbal
C)fluid
D)crystallized

Question 51

Applying Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence,when individuals are solving anagram problems what components are they most likely to use to manipulate the letters in their heads?

A)performance
B)knowledge acquisition
C)metacognitiveD)analytical

Question 52

Which criterion is required for classification as intellectually disabled?

A)older than 18 years of age.
B)significant disabilities in adaptive skill areas.
C)a valid IQ score of over 75.
D)a valid IQ score of below 100.

Question 53

Terman explored the popular myth that gifted children have problems with social and emotional adjustment.What did he discover?

A)his sample was better adjusted than their less gifted peers.
B)that gifted children had more problems with social adjustments as compared to their less gifted peers.
C)that gifted children did not participate in athletic activities as compared to their less gifted peers.
D)his sample was poorer on adjustment than their less gifted peers.

Question 54

Garth does not do particularly well in his schoolwork,but those who know him say that he has "street smarts." He adapts well to new situations,gets along day to day with few problems,and seems to have a knack for getting his needs met.According to Sternberg's theory,what type of intelligence is Garth displaying?

A)creative
B)analytical
C)logical
D)practical

Question 55

What is a research psychologist who adopts the psychometric approach to intelligence most likely to do?

A)use factor analysis.
B)collect case studies.
C)carry out cross-cultural research.
D)support a heredity view of intelligence.

Question 56

Using the latest version of the Stanford-Binet test,if someone were to receive an IQ score of 109 today,what would it mean?

A)The individual scored lower than 50 percent of those who took the test.
B)The individual had a "normal" IQ.
C)The individual could be classified as having "superior" intelligence.
D)The individual was "developmentally disabled."

Question 57

Brian is very talented at memorizing bits of information and retrieving that information.Which type of intelligence is Brian demonstrating?

A)crystallized
B)fluid
C)verbal
D)analytical

Question 58

Using Howard Gardner's theory of intelligence as a guide,one would expect that an expert salesperson would be high in what type of intelligence?

A)interpersonal
B)intrapersonal
C)spatial
D)logical-mathematical

Question 59

According to Howard Gardner,how many types of intelligence exist?

A)two
B)three
C)five
D)eight

Question 60

According to Robert Sternberg,a person's capacity for learning new facts,using problem-solving strategies,and monitoring progress toward desired goals is related to what type of intelligence?

A)analytical
B)creative
C)practical
D)conventional

Question 61

Although IQ testing is controversial,what is one positive aspect of IQ testing that supports their continued use?

A)moderate correlation between IQ scores and longevity.
B)high degree of face validity.
C)capacity to predict success in school and work environments.
D)high construct validity across racial and ethnic groups.

Question 62

In a classroom debate,a student says that,because research has determined that IQ is highly heritable,the IQ differences found between different racial groups must be genetic.What is an appropriate response to this student's conclusion?

A)heritability that is based on an estimate within one group cannot be used to interpret differences between groups.
B)racial differences in gene pools reflect the evolutionary pressures imposed by different environments.
C)differences between groups do not occur when culturally-fair tests are used.
D)heritability estimates that apply to one group apply to most groups.

Question 63

A program started in 1962 at the High/Scope Perry preschool in Ypsilanti,Michigan,focused on a group of 3- and 4-year-old low-income African American children who had been evaluated as being at risk for school failure.What was the focus of this program?

A)participatory education.
B)directive education.
C)mandatory education.
D)eclectic education.

Question 64

An inventor devises a revolutionary type of trap,but has a difficult time selling her idea because the animals that can be caught by the trap are extinct.Why would the inventor's creation fail to satisfy the definition of creativity?

A)The aspect of novelty has not been met.
B)The cost would be prohibitive.
C)It has no valid application.
D)It doesn't lead to the generation of other unique ideas.

Question 65

When Harold Stevenson and his colleagues asked U.S.and Asian respondents to explain the fact that Asian children consistently outperform American children in mathematics achievement,Asian respondents emphasized studying hard.What did the respondents from the United States emphasize?

A)degree of maternal education
B)socioeconomic status
C)effort put forth
D)innate intelligence

Question 66

Which of the following statements best captures the basic assumption of Howard Gardner's theory of intelligence?

A)Learning to be an efficient processor of information is more important than genetic factors in determining intelligence.
B)The society in which a person lives evaluates how intelligent that person is thought to be.
C)Intelligence should be defined in terms of the ability to deal with abstract concepts.
D)Assessing intelligence requires the use of paper-and-pencil tests and quantified measures.

Question 67

An artist is thought to be creative.According to the psychological definition of creativity,how is the artist's behaviour best described?

A)original.
B)novel and appropriate.
C)unique and artistic.
D)talented and exceptional.

Question 68

Corinna is taking a test of creativity.She is asked to name as many soft,yellow things as she can in three minutes.What type of thinking is being tested?

A)divergent
B)convergent
C)crystallized
D)heuristic

Question 69

Because of the strict provisions of her religion,a child learns to listen respectfully to authority figures rather than expressing her own opinions.Based on a case that is described in the textbook,if this child goes to school in which students are expected to speak assertively,what is likely to happen?

A)She will be motivated to adjust to the new norms.
B)She may be labeled with a learning disability.
C)She will be viewed somewhat negatively by the teacher.
D)She will be considered a positive role model for other students.

Question 70

In a study described in the textbook,researchers had students complete a measure of emotional intelligence.They also obtained students' GPAs and videotaped students giving a speech.What did the results reveal?

A)high emotional intelligence (EI)was positively correlated with the degree of enthusiasm measured in the speeches.
B)there was no difference in public speaking ability among students with high and low EI.
C)low EI students were more effective public speakers.
D)high EI students were more effective public speakers.

Question 71

Omar is a member of a social group that is stereotypically expected to perform poorly in mathematics.In fact,when Omar takes a math test he does indeed perform poorly.Which term best characterizes this phenomenon?

A)stereotype threat
B)culture bias
C)discrimination
D)demand characteristics

Question 72

Henry Goddard argued that certain groups were genetically inferior.What finding further reinforced his beliefs?

A)a series of new studies comparing identical twins separated from birth proved the genetic basis of intelligence.
B)case studies of families from a small midwestern city showed how the transmission of intelligence was traced to a genetic basis.
C)intelligence testing found that people from Eastern Europe actually had higher IQ scores than those from Northern Europe.
D)African Americans and other racial minorities scored lower than Whites in large-scale Army intelligence testing.

Question 73

Due in part to the advocacy of psychologists such as Henry Goddard,it became national policy in 1924 to administer intelligence tests.What were these tests used to determine?

A)the abilities of military recruits.
B)the suitability of immigrants.
C)the placement of students in public schools.
D)the advancement of workers in government service.

Question 74

Larry is a single parent living below the poverty line.He cannot afford the proper food for his children to thrive,nor can he provide them with educational toys such as books and computers.Which contributing factor to intellectual functioning is being clearly highlighted?

A)social support
B)paternal education
C)socioeconomic status
D)heredity

Question 75

Several decades ago,the gap between the IQ scores of African Americans and White Americans was estimated to be about 15 IQ points.What do contemporary studies reveal about the gap?

A)It is approximately 20 points.
B)It is 15 points.
C)It is between 8 and 11 points.
D)It is nonexistent.

Question 76

The correlation between IQ scores of identical twins raised together is found to be +.85 and the correlation between IQ scores of identical twins reared apart is found to be +.70.What is the most likely source of the .15 difference found between the two groups?

A)the impact of genetics.
B)the impact of the environment.
C)sampling errors.
D)validity of the assessment tool.

Question 77

One tradition has been to attribute group differences in IQ scores to differences in environments.To what does the other tradition attribute group differences in IQ scores?

A)nature.
B)nurture.
C)both nature and nurture.
D)differences in academic opportunities.

Question 78

Studies have been done to explore the correlation between IQ score and genetic relationship.What have these studeis revealed?

A)identical twins reared together show lower correlations than identical twins reared apart.
B)identical twins reared apart show higher correlations than fraternal twins reared together.
C)siblings reared together show lower correlations than siblings reared apart.
D)siblings reared apart show higher correlations than fraternal twins reared apart.

Question 79

According to a large-scale study of more than 26,000 children,what are the best predictors of a child's IQ at age four?

A)the family's socioeconomic status and the level of the mother's education.
B)the family's spiritual beliefs and the degree of social support.
C)the family's physical and mental well-being.
D)the age of the parents and the degree of familial support.

Question 80

When the responses on a test of creativity are scored,the scorer finds that one individual has given a response to a question that no one else has given.Which creativity dimension will most likely receive a high score?

A)fluency.
B)uniqueness.
C)fluidity.
D)flexibility.