Deck 12: Motivation

Question 1

Betty is a first-born child and she has a younger brother and sister.Which child is most likely to show a high need for affiliation when confronted with a fear situation?

A)the younger sister
B)the younger brother
C)Betty
D)Affiliation is not related to birth order.

Answer 1

Betty

Question 2

Clark Hull's drive-reduction perspective was based on which of the following principles?

A)homeostasis
B)instinct
C)psychic energy
D)genetics

Answer 2

homeostasis

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the instinct theory of motivation?

A)Tension is created within an organism when it has been deprived of something it needs,thus compelling it to satisfy its needs.
B)External cues elicit behaviour from an organism.
C)Organisms have inborn patterns of behaviour and innate desires to perform in a certain manner.
D)Organisms have desires to act in specific ways,but these behaviours can be modified by learning.

Answer 3

Organisms have inborn patterns of behaviour and innate desires to perform in a certain manner.

Question 4

Homeostasis refers to:

A)realizing one's full potential.
B)a balanced state in the body's internal environment.
C)a state of optimum stimulation either above or below equilibrium.
D)the mechanism by which unconscious needs are satisfied.

Question 5

The concept that an organism is motivated to act because its body is in a state of need is based on the _________ theory.

A)incentive
B)affiliation
C)drive
D)instinct

Question 6

Motivation refers to that which:

A)explains the physical makeup of an organism.
B)energizes the behaviour of an organism.
C)directs the behaviour of an organism.
D)both b and c

Question 7

Daniel,age 5,saw a clock on the shelf and took it apart to see what made it tick.Which theory best explains this behaviour?

A)cognitive
B)drive-reduction
C)instinct
D)behavioural

Question 8

The process by which the body maintains a balance or equilibrium in its internal environment is called ______.

A)neoteny
B)autoregulation
C)homeostasis
D)hypothalamus

Question 9

The concept of _______ replaced the concept of instinct in motivation theory.

A)purpose
B)optimal level of stimulation
C)drive reduction
D)homeostasis

Question 10

When you get too warm,you begin to perspire.This is an example of:

A)a drive.
B)homeostasis.
C)a need.
D)adjustment.

Question 11

An innate or inborn predisposition to act in a specific way is called a(n)_______.

A)instinct
B)drive
C)incentive
D)need

Question 12

In some mammals,odorous chemical substances that attract mature males are called ___________.

A)pheromones
B)phonemes
C)estrogens
D)releasing stimuli

Question 13

According to social-learning theory,the two major mechanisms for the learning of aggression are ___________.

A)anxiety and fear
B)instinct and anxiety
C)reinforcement and imitation
D)reinforcement and fear

Question 14

Drives that are unlearned are called __________.

A)primary
B)secondary
C)reflexive
D)learned

Question 15

An example of intrinsic motivation is reading a textbook because:

A)you want to earn an A on a test.
B)you want to avoid a D or an F.
C)you enjoy reading it.
D)you are being paid to read it.

Question 16

The observation that people often seek stimulation and that not all motives are aroused by internal states contradicts the _______ theory of motivation.

A)incentive
B)drive-reduction
C)Gestalt
D)cognitive

Question 17

Instincts are thought to:

A)exist within the individual.
B)explain why people act differently in the same situation.
C)explain what an individual does but not why.
D)be caused by conditions outside the organism that push it into action.

Question 18

The concept that a person acts in a certain manner because of an innate predisposition to do so is based on the _______ theory.

A)aggression
B)drive
C)instinct
D)incentive

Question 19

Social learning theorists would suggest which of the following to parents?

A)Monitor and control the television programs you allow your children to watch.
B)Let children watch violent television shows to release their hostility.
C)Allow children to behave violently in controlled settings to decrease their violence elsewhere.
D)Don't let children watch television.

Question 20

A need that energizes and directs behaviour toward some goal is known as a _______.

A)cue
B)behaviour
C)motive
D)stimulus

Question 21

A famed psychologist claims that motivated behaviours result from an effort to reduce tension caused by bodily needs such as hunger or thirst.This psychologist's philosophy most closely matches _______ theory.

A)threshold
B)trait
C)homeostatic
D)drive-reduction

Question 22

Hugh has such powerful sexual needs that he engages in dangerously promiscuous behaviour.In this case,Hugh's sexual needs are a(n)_______.

A)emotion
B)motive
C)stimulus
D)cue

Question 23

A group of people is watching a movie in which an attractive man and woman are shown getting undressed.Which of the following is most likely to become MOST aroused?

A)a healthy young man
B)a healthy young woman
C)an adolescent of either sex
D)a healthy adult of either sex

Question 24

A decline in the level of testosterone in either men or women leads to __________.

A)an increase in sexual desire
B)abnormal sexual desires
C)pain and discomfort during sexual activity
D)a decrease in sexual desire

Question 25

According to Maslow's hierarchy of motives theory,which one of the following needs must first be satisfied?

A)self-actualization
B)esteem needs
C)physiological needs
D)safety needs

Question 26

Bulimia is most common among which of the following?

A)females in their late teens and early twenties
B)middle-aged females
C)adolescent males
D)both males and females in their late teens and early twenties

Question 27

The correct order of Maslow's hierarchy of motives from the most primitive to the most complex and human is _______.

A)safety,physiological,belongingness,esteem,self-actualization
B)physiological,esteem,self-actualization,safety,belongingness
C)physiological,esteem,safety,belongingness,self-actualization
D)physiological,safety,belongingness,esteem,self-actualization

Question 28

Which motivational theorist is associated with the following assumption? "Before higher-level needs can be addressed or acted on,one's lower level needs must be met."

A)Freud
B)Maslow
C)McClelland
D)Harlow

Question 29

Which of the following is the most recent conclusion concerning the role of stomach contractions in signalling hunger? They:

A)have no influence.
B)play a minor role.
C)play a major role.
D)cannot be studied because of lack of technology.

Question 30

What is the lowest need in Maslow's hierarchy?

A)physiological
B)safety
C)achievement
D)self-actualization

Question 31

For Maslow,the most highly evolved motive is _______.

A)esteem
B)physiological need
C)intellectual need
D)self-actualization

Question 32

Maslow is associated with which of the following notions?

A)that when the body temperature falls,we are motivated to eat
B)that the motive to explore and manipulate is important for individual survival
C)that our motives are organized into a hierarchy
D)that some people are driven by the achievement motive

Question 33

A(n)_______ is an external stimulus that can motivate behavior even if no drive is initially present.

A)homeostatic mechanism
B)motor program
C)arousal mechanism
D)incentive

Question 34

Sexual behaviour seems to fit the instinct model ___________.

A)in humans
B)only in human males
C)in some lower animals
D)only if pheromones are not present

Question 35

Which theory maintains that emotion is caused by the interaction of physiological processes and interpretation?

A)James-Lange theory
B)cognitive theory
C)activation theory
D)Cannon-Bard theory

Question 36

Abraham Maslow theorized that human needs are:

A)basically identical to those of animals.
B)arranged in a hierarchy of importance.
C)destined to conflict with one another at all times.
D)less important than emotions.

Question 37

It is believed that the hypothalamus controls ________.

A)aggression
B)social learning abilities
C)long-term mechanisms of body weight
D)biological motives

Question 38

Dorothy is both hungry and thirsty.Which of the following is involved in both of these drives?

A)the hippocampus
B)spinal reflexes
C)the hypothalamus
D)the amygdala

Question 39

The basis of drive theory is the principle of ________.

A)reinforcement
B)achievement
C)homeostasis
D)homeopathy