Deck 1: What Is Psychology

Question 1

Studying the elements of sensations,feelings,and images is most directly associated with which school of psychology?

A)structuralism
B)functionalism
C)behaviorism
D)humanism

Answer 1

structuralism

Question 2

In the late 20th century,psychology __________.

A)expanded dramatically
B)stagnated
C)contracted slightly
D)contracted dramatically

Answer 2

expanded dramatically

Question 3

By general agreement,psychology was born in __________.

A)1642
B)1853
C)1879
D)1906

Answer 3

1879

Question 4

Studying the elements of sensations,feelings,and images is most directly associated with which school of psychology?

A)structuralism
B)functionalism
C)behaviorism
D)humanism

Question 5

Scientific psychology is formally recognized to have begun:

A)in Greece,with the work of Hippocrates.
B)in the United States,with the work of James.
C)in Austria,with the work of Freud.
D)in Germany,with the work of Wundt.

Question 6

Freud was the founder of __________.

A)existential psychology
B)behavioral psychology
C)psychoanalysis
D)behaviorism

Question 7

What early school of thought in psychology was noted for its emphasis on the unconscious determinants of behavior?

A)Structuralism
B)Behaviorism
C)Gestalt psychology
D)Psychoanalytic theory

Question 8

Freud's theories differed radically from the views of his predecessors because of __________.

A)its extensive use of laboratory research to support its claims
B)the emphasis it placed on Eastern philosophies and culture
C)the emphasis it placed on unconscious processes
D)its emphasis on environmental learning as the source for most personality characteristics

Question 9

.The first psychology laboratory was opened by _________.

A)Wundt
B)James
C)Titchener
D)Watson

Question 10

Psychology is said to have begun when

A)medicine was seen to be ineffective in treating neurosis.
B)Wilhelm Wundt started the first psychological laboratory and I am testing the roll-over to the next line feature.
C)Sigmund Freud opened his private practice in Vienna and I am testing the roll-over to the next line feature.
D)it was discovered in the early 1900s that many illnesses have no medical basis and I am testing the roll-over to the next line feature.

Question 11

The primary method of investigation used by structuralists was:

A)natural observation.
B)dream interpretation.
C)analytic introspection.
D)experimentation.

Question 12

The first psychology laboratory was founded by __________.

A)Wundt
B)James
C)Titchener
D)Watson

Question 13

For Freud,much of our behavior is controlled by __________.

A)unconscious desires
B)environmental stimuli
C)mental Gestalts
D)mental associations

Question 14

Freud believed that many unconscious desires are:

A)the result of excessive punishment.
B)by-products of introspection.
C)the result of excessive reinforcement.
D)sexual in nature.

Question 15

As a science,psychology is approximately how old?

A)50 years
B)100+ years
C)150 years
D)2500 years since the field dates back to the ancient Greeks

Question 16

Titchener was a member of the ___________school of thought.

A)structuralists
B)functionalist
C)behaviorist
D)reductionist

Question 17

The first psychology laboratory was opened by

A)Wundt
B)James
C)Titchener
D)Watson

Question 18

The psychological school that asks,"What are mental processes for?" rather than "What are mental processes?" is which of the following?

A)structuralism
B)functionalism
C)humanism
D)Gestalt

Question 19

Which of the following does NOT fit with the other three?

A)Wundt
B)1879
C)functionalism
D)introspection

Question 20

Modern psychology is said to have begun when:

A)Greek philosophers began studying the differences between people.
B)Wundt opened the first laboratory devoted to the scientific study of psychology.
C)Freud developed psychoanalytic theory and therapy.
D)it was discovered in the early 1900s that many illnesses have no medical basis.

Question 21

Steve,a college sophomore,is seeing a psychologist because of his intense fear of people.His counselor feels that Steve's fear is a product of unresolved conflicts about his parents,and his childhood experiences with them.Steve's therapist is most characteristic of which school of psychology?

A)behaviorism
B)psychoanalytic
C)humanistic
D)Gestalt

Question 22

Cognitive psychology is contributing to the development of ________,which attempts to make computers learn and solve problems the way people do.

A)educational technology
B)forensic psychology
C)virtual reality
D)artificial intelligence

Question 23

Psychologists use techniques based on ___________.

A)cultural ethnocentrism
B)objective introspection
C)philosophical logic
D)the scientific method

Question 24

Which of the following types of psychologists is most prepared to help a person who hears voices and believes she is Joan of Arc?

A)forensic
B)counseling
C)school
D)clinical

Question 25

After more than a year in Iranian prisons,52 American hostages were released by Iran's revolutionary government and allowed to return to the United States.Of the following professionals,__________ psychologists would probably have LEAST professional interest in that event.

A)counseling
B)clinical
C)social
D)experimental

Question 26

A group of psychologists study how adults change and grow,both psychologically and physiologically,as they age.These psychologists are most like ___________.

A)personality psychologists
B)social psychologists
C)organizational psychologists
D)developmental psychologists

Question 27

The work of a behavioral neuroscientist involves studying:

A)the mental events that intervene between stimuli and responses.
B)the biological foundations of behavior.
C)the brain's structure but not its function.
D)psychiatry not psychology.

Question 28

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)A psychologist is a medical doctor specializing in the treatment of emotional disturbances.
B)A psychiatrist is a medical doctor specializing in the treatment of emotional disturbances.
C)Clinical psychologists treat severe psychological disturbances and psychiatrists treat mild disorders.
D)Both clinical psychologists and psychiatrists can prescribe medications to their patients.

Question 29

Psychologists stopped relying on the method of analytic introspection as their primary research tool because:

A)they wanted to study mental processes rather than observable behavior.
B)results were inconsistent across labs.
C)laboratory research was replaced by field research.
D)the technique did not provide useful information for therapists.

Question 30

Cognitive psychologists are concerned with the scientific study of __________.

A)reinforcement
B)alienation and apathy
C)mental processes
D)self-actualization

Question 31

Which of the following assumptions associated with the psychoanalytic school produced the strongest negative reaction?

A)Psychology,as therapy,is more philosophical than scientific.
B)All human behavior is a product of one's experiences.
C)Humans are basically good.
D)All humans,including infants,have sexual motivations and drives.

Question 32

Psychology:

A)has an applied side.
B)is a science of behavior.
C)has goals of describing,predicting,and explaining events.
D)all of the above

Question 33

Cognitive psychologists are a subgroup of experimental psychologists who are concerned primarily with:

A)neurobiological events which underlie behavior.
B)the function of age on behavior.
C)mental events which intervene between stimuli and responses.
D)how people are affected by social situations.

Question 34

A psychologist bases his/her theories completely on measuring observable behaviors.This psychologist is probably a __________.

A)humanist
B)behaviorist
C)structuralist
D)functionalist