Deck 1: Overview of Crisis Intervention

Question 1

The effects of a stressor or crisis event may be mediated by

A)tangible resources such as food,clothing,and shelter.
B)intangible resources such as self-esteem and problem-solving ability.
C)external resources such as social support or government aid.
D)All of the above.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

According to Boss (2002),__________ is a continuous variable,whereas __________ is a dichotomous variable.

A)distress;eustress
B)stress;crisis
C)organization;disequilibrium
D)coping;adaptation

Answer 2

B

Question 3

According to Hill's ABC-X model of crises,

A)a crisis is caused by a stressor event.
B)as long as there are resources to meet the demands of a stressor event,there will not be a crisis.
C)"A" represents an antecedent event,"B" represents behavioral resources,"C" represents the crisis,and "X represents treatment or intervention.
D)a crisis is the outcome of an interaction between a stressor event,resources,and cognitive processes involving perception and meaning.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Stressors that may lead to crises

A)generally are unforeseen.
B)may be normal,developmental phenomena.
C)typically originate outside the individual or family.
D)most often are traumatic.

Question 5

According to Raphael (2000),the full impact of trauma frequently is felt

A)within 48 hours of a crisis event,during the "fight or flight" period of adjustment.
B)two to four weeks after a crisis event during the period of adjustment known as "picking up the pieces."
C)a considerable time after the crisis event during the "disillusionment" period of adjustment.
D)after individuals or families have completed the "rebuilding" period of adjustment and can reflect on the events of the crisis in totality.

Question 6

Following a stressor or crisis event,the degree to which functioning has changed over an extended period of time is called

A)adaptation.
B)resilience.
C)coping.
D)None of the above.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about coping is FALSE?

A)Denial may be a useful short-term coping strategy.
B)Coping often involves "fight or flight" responses.
C)Using defense mechanisms should not be considered coping.
D)Coping involves both cognitive and behavioral responses.

Question 8

__________ was an early influence in the field of crisis intervention.

A)The Great Atlantic Hurricane of 1944
B)The Cocoanut Grove Nightclub fire of 1942
C)Hiroshima and Nagasaki being bombed with nuclear weapons in 1945
D)Orson Wells' broadcast of "The War of the Worlds" in 1938

Question 9

Crises are

A)traumatic events.
B)any events that cause trauma reactions.
C)events that cause subjective distress.
D)None of the above.

Question 10

The study of crisis intervention began during World War II in response to

A)soldiers returning from the war effort with PTSD diagnoses.
B)family reactions when loved ones left home to participate in war efforts.
C)family reactions when soldiers returned from service and resumed their civilian lives.
D)families grieving for loved ones who died in combat.

Question 11

According to Selye (1956),there are two types of stress,

A)affective and cognitive.
B)biological and environmental.
C)internal and external.
D)distress and eustress.

Question 12

A behavioral or cognitive action that is taken in an effort to manage stress is

A)a coping strategy.
B)a defense mechanism.
C)adaptation.
D)a resource.

Question 13

__________ is NOT a category of coping described by Lazarus (1993).

A)Problem-focused coping
B)Solution-focused coping
C)Emotion-focused coping
D)Avoidance

Question 14

According to authors such as James (2008)and Slaikeu (1994),a crisis

A)is a perception or experience.
B)is an event.
C)is a situation.
D)always leads to a negative outcome.

Question 15

A cluster of symptoms including somatic distress,feelings of guilt,hostility,disorganization,and behavior changes experienced by the surviving family members of nearly 500 individuals who died in a tragic event in the 1940s was labeled "acute grief." A disorder that is described in the DSM that seems to parallel acute grief is

A)acute stress disorder.
B)posttraumatic stress disorder.
C)adjustment disorder.
D)bereavement.

Question 16

According to the Double ABC-X Model proposed by McCubbin and Patterson (1982),long-term change following a crisis event

A)would most likely be negative.
B)would most likely be positive.
C)is not likely.
D)may be positive or negative.

Question 17

According to Boss (2002),stress is mediated by internal and external contextual variables.Internal contextual variables include

A)factors over which the individual or family has no control,such as heredity.
B)normative,developmental factors.
C)factors such as culture.
D)factors or dimensions that may be controlled or changed.

Question 18

According to Erich Lindemann,a psychiatrist and researcher who described acute grief,treatment for acute grief

A)should be provided only by psychiatrists who may prescribe medication.
B)may be provided by psychiatrists (MDs)or psychologists (PhDs)but not counselors or social workers.
C)may be provided by paraprofessionals and helpers other than psychiatrists.
D)is not necessary.

Question 19

Early contributors to the field of crisis intervention include all of the following EXCEPT

A)Gerald Caplan.
B)Gerald Corey.
C)Erich Lindemann.
D)Reuben Hill.

Question 20

Which of the following statements with regard to trauma is TRUE?

A)Traumatic events almost always involve actual death or serious injury.
B)People experiencing traumatic events respond with intense feelings of fear and helplessness.
C)Most people who experience traumatic events develop acute stress disorder or post-traumatic stress disorder.
D)All of the above.

Question 21

__________ does NOT have a positive association with resilience.

A)Attachment
B)Mastery
C)Cognitive skills
D)Affective arousal

Question 22

Which of the following statements is TRUE? Crisis intervention

A)usually occurs between counselors and clients who have no previous relationship.
B)may be a scheduled component of other forms of counseling.
C)is similar to other forms of counseling in its purpose,setting,time,and design.
D)may take place within an established ongoing counseling relationship.

Question 23

Compared to psychologists and psychiatrists,professional counselors

A)are less trained and less prepared to provide crisis intervention.
B)work from a prevention point of view.
C)would not be likely to diagnose mental or emotional disorders.
D)are less effective advocates because they have Masters' degrees rather than doctoral degrees.

Question 24

The procedures for working with clients in crisis begin with

A)establishing equilibrium.
B)assessment.
C)debriefing.
D)defusing.

Question 25

Within the mental health community,paraprofessionals

A)include counselors.
B)are not permitted to provide crisis intervention because they are not licensed.
C)may provide an outlet for clients to talk and feel less isolated.
D)None of the above.