Deck 15: Population and Urbanization

Question 1

Mike had to relocate for work. He could have bought a house in the city, but he loves to sail, so he bought a house on a lake where he could moor his boat. As a result, Mike lengthened his commute to work by 30 minutes. Which theory can be used to explain his relocation choice?

A) water quotient theory
B) antiurbanization theory
C) environmental-opportunity theory
D) recreational living theory

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The demographic transition addresses changing fertility and mortality rates over time. What trend does this transition track?

A) an alarming increase in death rates in developing countries
B) dramatically increasing fertility rates in the underdeveloped world
C) increasing birth and death rates in overurbanized cities worldwide
D) a trend from high to low birth and death rates in wealthier nations

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Artisans, soldiers, and other people from all walks of life resided in a community of roughly 40,000 people in southern Greece in the 10th century B.C. What kind of place was this community?

A) a city
B) a town
C) a village
D) a district

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following was an example of a typical woman's destiny in preindustrial society?

A) if unmarried by 20, to remain so
B) a life of poverty and few children
C) her future husband arranged at birth
D) to bear a large number of children

Question 5

After their wedding, Lisa and Dan moved into a trendy downtown condominium complex within walking distance of work, restaurants, and nightlife venues. Five years and two children later, they are now looking for a home in the suburbs, close to schools and sports facilities. Which theory would explain Lisa and Dan's residential choices?

A) environmental-opportunity theory
B) lifestyle-choice theory
C) postmodern theory
D) demographic transition theory

Question 6

Why did preindustrial cities contain only a small fraction of the overall population?

A) There was an inadequate supply of construction material.
B) People overwhelmingly preferred the rural life.
C) City dwelling was restricted to people who were involved in religious life.
D) Disease and pestilence kept urban population numbers low.

Question 7

Maria, Katrina, and Susan all decided to have one child each and formed a "play group" so their children would have socializing opportunities with their peers. Which social problem does the fact that none of these women had more children contribute to?

A) Population replacement levels are not met.
B) Family socialization has less impact.
C) Single children have socialization challenges.
D) Women's desire for children removes them from the workplace.

Question 8

What is the demographer's concept of replacement level?

A) upgrading crumbling infrastructure in our cities (such as replacing old bridges)
B) people relocating out of the city's transition zone and being replaced
C) immigration policies designed to increase populations where they are declining
D) the point where births and deaths balance out for stable population levels

Question 9

Felix and Beth were trying to decide whether to have another child or not, because of the associated costs. Ultimately, they decided they did not want to constantly worry about their finances and decided against having another child. Which theorist could best explain their choice?

A) Talcott Parsons
B) Thomas Malthus
C) Karl Marx
D) Paul Ehrlich

Question 10

From antiquity to the eighteenth century, which characteristics of cities remained very similar?

A) physical layout
B) technological innovation
C) economic boom
D) literacy rates

Question 11

Which of the following factors led to the emergence of the industrial city?

A) declining trade and commerce because of increased war
B) an increase in rural cottage industries trading with cities
C) a dramatic increase in fertility rates of women in cities
D) advancements in transportation and agricultural technology

Question 12

What have been the consequences of globalization for the people of North America?

A) the de-urbanization of central city areas
B) immigrant groups that are less diverse
C) more homogenization of city populations
D) increasing polarization between rich and poor

Question 13

A demographer posits that although birth rates in developing countries are alarmingly high, there will be a dramatic shift to lower birth and death rates in the coming decades as these countries modernize. What concept is used to describe his predictions?

A) fertility conversion
B) demographic transition
C) declining demographics
D) population inversion

Question 14

Brian refused to donate money to the Somali famine relief fund. When asked why he was so miserly, his response was that famines and pestilence were nature's way of controlling population growth since people wouldn't take responsibility for the number of children they were producing. Brian's point of view reflects the perspective of which of the following?

A) Jeremy Bentham
B) Thomas Malthus
C) Julian Simon
D) Karl Marx

Question 15

What prompted the concentration of economic power in Toronto and Montreal?

A) the growth of nearby factory towns
B) U.S. and British financial elites
C) their proximity to the U.S. market
D) capital institutions located in cities

Question 16

Judy decided that her career was very important to her and that having children would jeopardize her advancement. Therefore, she decided not to have any children. Which ongoing phenomenon is Judy's decision part of?

A) the feminist prerogative theory
B) the demographic transition
C) the antidomestic syndrome
D) professional prioritization

Question 17

What effect have international trade agreements had on North American resource towns and farming communities?

A) They have been turned into vacation playgrounds or dumping grounds.
B) These agreements have had a minimal effect on these communities.
C) These communities have been transformed into fantasy theme areas.
D) The number of these communities is increasing in North America.

Question 18

Melissa had just finished reading a popular historical romance novel and was telling Monica about the English heroine who would spend 16 hours a day in her home making lace, which was then collected and shipped to France. What work arrangement was Melissa describing?

A) putting-out system
B) piece-work system
C) subcontracting system
D) postindustrial system

Question 19

What were the important elements in the development of preindustrial cities?

A) civic responsibility, defensive systems, and taxes
B) literacy, food surpluses, and technological innovation
C) sewage systems, running water, pest control
D) education, sports, recreation, and leisure

Question 20

European cities stagnated and declined after the fall of Rome. What factor contributed to the trade routes being re-established and the revival of commerce?

A) the age of enlightenment
B) sea trading mariners
C) the Crusades
D) the emerging bourgeoisie

Question 21

What was the focus of urban studies done by Robert Park and his colleagues at the Chicago School of Sociology?

A) They tried to improve the city by discovering "what made it tick."
B) They found that despite their research, problems in the city could not be fixed
C) They focused on what aspects of city life were working well.
D) They made the city of New York their social research laboratory.

Question 22

Baquir took on a research project studying subway use by teenagers. In addition to interviews and surveys, he rode the subway every day for at least three hours in order to observe activities informally. Which term best describes what kind of researcher Baquir was?

A) transportation analyst
B) population sociologist
C) city psychologist
D) urban anthropologist

Question 23

According to the text, which of the following is included in the concentric-zone model of the city?

A) absence of an urban core
B) modern welfare housing
C) a central business district
D) fixed, distinct zone boundaries

Question 24

When Bob, a researcher in the demography department, was asked to describe his life's work he replied, "I am an anthropologist studying the customs, beliefs, and practices of urban residents." According to the text, whose perspective had Bob adopted?

A) Georg Simmel
B) Louis Wirth
C) Thomas Malthus
D) Robert E. Park

Question 25

According to Louis Wirth, what is an accompaniment to city life?

A) increasing social solidarity and orderliness
B) the undermining of traditional social solidarity
C) greater individual freedom and well-being
D) lifestyles based on money and individual interests

Question 26

A man in a wheelchair is sitting on a subway platform when he is swarmed by a group of teenagers, who mug him as a dozen people stand by and do nothing to help. What kind of modern lifestyle characterizes communities where citizens are detached from each other to such an extent that "everyone wants to mind their own business"?

A) individualism
B) isolationism
C) ghettoism
D) urbanism

Question 27

In a major metropolitan centre, city planners want to revitalize the city core by tearing down old neighbourhoods, replacing side roads with main arteries for traffic, constructing parking garages, and building high-rise condos, trendy restaurants, and fancy boutiques for the downtown workers. What term best describes the lifestyle supporting this city's restructuring?

A) redevelopment
B) urbanism
C) rezoning
D) modernism

Question 28

Luigi is obsessed with his job as a marketing consultant. Where he lives, he does not know his neighbours, and he likes it that way because he can run out of his house and not get stuck in a conversation that will delay his arrival at work. What would Louis Wirth call Luigi?

A) a workaholic
B) an urban economic participant
C) an urbanite
D) an anti-neighbourhood proponent

Question 29

Shaniqua asked her sociology classmate Denise where she lived in the city. Denise, having just finished a class that discussed the concentric zone model of urbanization replied, "I live in zone 3." What type of neighbourhood does Denise live in?

A) a neighbourhood of cheap housing, pawn shops, and second-hand stores
B) a working-class neighbourhood
C) a typical suburban neighbourhood
D) a business district with residential apartments above the stores

Question 30

What was the term coined by Louis Wirth that described the city way of life as one that is economically efficient but socially destructive?

A) urbanism
B) industrialization
C) population control
D) gentrification

Question 31

What does Gemeinschaft mean?

A) the community of feeling
B) social disorganization
C) the traditional society
D) a distinctly rural area

Question 32

What trends did Louis Wirth see as characterizing cities?

A) decreasing density
B) increasing heterogeneity
C) increasing homogeneity
D) decreasing size

Question 33

For what reason does it appear that Vancouver's development has followed the sector model?

A) When land became scarce, growth went high-rise.
B) The sectors developed strong neighbourhood attachments.
C) Its population spread out along the natural shorelines.
D) It developed a single growth nucleus/central core.

Question 34

Daniella was helping her 10-year old son with his homework assignment-"create a model of your city." They started with the business centre in the middle, and then proceeded to add a light manufacturing district, heavy manufacturing district, the university campus and research complex, the shopping district and neighbourhoods around each area. According to the text, what model of urban environment were they creating?

A) multiple nuclei model
B) sector model
C) concentric zone model
D) urban sprawl model

Question 35

What was the concept Robert E. Park and his colleagues gave to crime, juvenile delinquency, family breakdown, and mental illness occurring in the urban setting?

A) social pathologies
B) urban consequences
C) city disease
D) capitalist malaise

Question 36

For sociologist Ferdinand Tönnies, what is Gesellschaft?

A) a lifestyle based on money, commercial contracts, individualism, and class antagonism
B) the shift within cities from downtown development to suburban development
C) a type of living arrangement where a number of families share the same dwelling
D) a lifestyle based on rural life, close social ties, community, and social solidarity

Question 37

Manon lives outside the city and commutes into downtown for work. On her way, her train passes through middle-class and working-class neighbourhoods, as well as an area where drug dealers control the streets. According to Ernest Burgess, how might one analyze the progression Manon sees out her window?

A) with the help of the Neo-Marxist class model
B) with the help of the cityscape model
C) with the help of the multiple-nuclei model
D) with the help of the concentric-zone model

Question 38

When Gina moved to her new home, her neighbour came over to welcome her to the neighbourhood and brought her a small housewarming gift. Which of the following theoretical concepts is the behaviour of the neighbour in keeping with?

A) Gemeinschaft
B) Gesellschaft
C) neighbourhood socialization
D) urban enclave camaraderie

Question 39

According to Burgess's model, where do second-generation immigrants typically reside?

A) zone of interstitial transition
B) zone of better residences
C) zone of working-class homes
D) central business district

Question 40

In Burgess's model, where do illegal commercial activities tend to occur?

A) central business district
B) zone of working-class homes
C) zone of transition
D) zone of better residences

Question 41

What was the name of Canada's first massive suburb, built on (what was then) the northern fringe of Toronto?

A) Scarborough
B) Don Mills
C) York
D) Mississauga

Question 42

What is urban bias?

A) uneven investment and development that favours rural over urban areas
B) ideas and attitudes of urban residents that are prejudiced against rural life
C) the loss of rural populations to urban areas so great that rural life is disappearing
D) uneven investment and development that favours urban over rural areas

Question 43

In recent years, what area of the world has seen cities with populations between 100,000 and 500,000 experience remarkable growth?

A) Australia
B) the European Union
C) the developing world
D) North America

Question 44

A young urbanite is living in a coastal city in the southern hemisphere; it is his nation's capital city, and the largest city in the country. What term is used to classify this kind of city?

A) megalopolis
B) super urbanism
C) urban primacy
D) capital nation

Question 45

The city is growing in leaps and bounds, but interestingly the west end is still the upper-class neighbourhood, the working class lives in the east end, and the immigrants tend to move to the north of the city. If you wanted to study this urban growth model, what would Homer Hoyt recommend that you study?

A) sectors
B) classes
C) compass bearings
D) urban life

Question 46

A metropolitan real-estate magnate has purchased an abandoned warehouse in the city's transitional zone, and is converting it on the street level to a mall with chic boutiques, while making the upper floors into condominiums. Which of the following stages of city evolution applies to this inner-city development?

A) suburban city
B) corporate city
C) peri-urbanized city
D) urban city

Question 47

In Thailand, the capital city of Bangkok has a population of over 8 million people, while the second largest city in this predominantly rural country is Nakhon Ratchasima with a population of less than 200 000. What is this a classic example of?

A) urban sprawl
B) underdevelopment
C) urban primacy
D) urban immigration

Question 48

Which of the following places are most often afflicted with overurbanization?

A) cities with wide areas open to development
B) large cities that have nowhere to expand
C) large cities in the southern hemisphere
D) small cities in economically prosperous areas

Question 49

The city of Mumbai, India, has 16,000 to 20,000 condemned buildings, and every year during monsoon season several of these buildings collapse, killing hundreds of homeless squatters. Which term best describes this city's condition?

A) overurbanization
B) peri-urbanization
C) overpopulation
D) excess urbanization

Question 50

According to the news article Kammi had read, a real estate development company had acquired over 100 square kilometres of prime agricultural land in India, and was in the process of building luxury residential high-rises, exclusive office and retail space, shopping malls, deluxe hotels, and a residential housing area for those who did not want to live downtown. What name would be given to this project?

A) urban renewal
B) industrial city
C) globalized city
D) corporate city

Question 51

According to studies done in the 1950s and 1960s, what characterized the suburban way of life?

A) The suburb was organized around adult activities.
B) The suburb was a cultural wasteland of conformity.
C) Both parents had to work to maintain the lifestyle.
D) Life revolved around a redneck "beer-drinking" culture.

Question 52

What characterized those who moved to the corporate suburbs after World War II?

A) They were ready to embrace familialism.
B) They were ready to invest in shopping malls.
C) They were unwilling to commute to their work.
D) They were reluctant to interact with neighbours.

Question 53

In Pune, Maharashtra, India, a densely populated city of 4.5 million, a visitor notices hordes of people living on the street, traffic congestion and air pollution at the street level, electrical outages, and flooding during the monsoon rains. Which term best describes this city's condition?

A) preindustrialization
B) overurbanization
C) population sprawl
D) peri-urbanization

Question 54

What is peri-urbanization?

A) unplanned settlements emerging on the outskirts of rural villages
B) the blurring of urban and rural areas on the city's outskirts
C) unplanned settlements emerging on the outskirts of small cities
D) concerted planning, design, and reconstruction in high-density areas

Question 55

Paulo moved from rural Argentina into Buenos Aires to look for work. He was unable to find work or affordable housing, so without buying land he built a small shack where other people were doing the same thing. Some called the area a "slum," while Paulo called it home. What urban phenomenon was Paulo a victim of?

A) over urbanization
B) urban sprawl
C) peri-urbanization
D) sheltered migration

Question 56

Chun and his family have a farm on the edge of a big city. It produces enough food for them, but not enough to take goods to market, leaving the family without funds to buy other household necessities. To solve this problem, Chun commutes into the city and works at a factory during the week and works the farm during his time off. What situation is Chun experiencing?

A) over urbanization
B) urban sprawl
C) peri-urbanization
D) suburban sprawl

Question 57

Claus visited a city last week where people did not live where they worked nor where they shopped. Each area of the city had a different function. What model of urban growth was this city based on?

A) the concentric-zone model
B) the sector model
C) the multiple-nuclei model
D) the cityscape model

Question 58

What is over urbanization?

A) too many cities for the world, resulting in an imbalance in global ecosystems
B) urban population outstripping the accompanying economy, services, and resources
C) the movement of populations from urban centres to the outlying suburbs
D) the movement of populations from rural communities and suburbs to the cities

Question 59

Deena and Tony loved living in the downtown high-rise within walking distance to work and all the venues they frequented every weekend, but after the birth of their daughter they wanted a backyard and a home close to parks and schools. Consequently, they moved to a house that was just a commuter train distance away from their jobs. Which of the following lifestyles have Deena and Tony chosen?

A) urbanism
B) suburbanism
C) commuterism
D) familialism

Question 60

What does over urbanization cause?

A) dramatic urban redevelopment to accommodate residents
B) an upper class of residents who live in splendour
C) an underclass of residents in illegal squatter settlements
D) pressure on the middle class and escalating economic strain

Question 61

Allyson recently got a new job in her field by relocating from the city's centre to an urban area 30 kilometres out, where she has cheaper rent and all the social amenities such as shopping, fitness, recreation, and entertainment centres. Which of the following terms best describes this area?

A) ring city
B) rim city
C) peripheral city
D) edge city

Question 62

What effect has the shift in North American economies from a manufacturing to a service and knowledge base had on edge city residents?

A) People prefer to isolate themselves socially and geographically.
B) People are inclined to live and work in the same geographic area.
C) People prefer to commute from the edge city to the corporate offices downtown.
D) People prefer to live in microsocieties scattered across the urban landscape.

Question 63

Near Toronto is Bramalea City Centre. Located at the corner of Queen Street and Dixie Road; it is filled with offices, service occupations, government services, commuter services, and retail and grocery stores, and is surrounded by clusters of apartments, condominiums, townhouses, and single detached homes. Which of the following terms for city development identifies this area?

A) suburban city
B) edge city
C) micro city
D) peripheral city

Question 64

What constitutes the process of gentrification?

A) middle-class housing transformed into working-class neighbourhoods
B) working-class housing transformed into fashionable downtown neighbourhoods
C) upper-class housing transformed into fashionable middle-class residences
D) upper-class housing transformed into low-rental government housing

Question 65

After class, Jessie commented to her friend Maria, "One of the cities discussed in the lecture today reminded me of a line from that song by the Talking Crows-you know, 'They paved paradise and put up a parking lot.'" Maria looked confused and Jessie added, "The paradise they paved was the park." What type of city was Jessie referring to?

A) an edge city
B) a dual city
C) a suburban city
D) a postmodern city

Question 66

Katrina bought a small old house in an old, rundown neighbourhood in the downtown core because it was all she could afford. Katrina slowly fixed up her home, just like others were doing around her. Ten years later, the neighbourhood had transformed and she found herself living in a trendy area of the city. What would the text call this change in her neighbourhood?

A) renovation
B) gentrification
C) urban transformation
D) urban upgrading

Question 67

In a class discussion, Tait was asked to give one outcome of the privatization of public space in the postmodern city. Which of the following would he offer?

A) Suburbs and central cities are being physically separated as a result of a resurgence of green spaces.
B) The number of public places where people can come together and socialize are being reduced.
C) More exclusive people-friendly public places are being created.
D) Real estate and housing costs are skyrocketing beyond the average person's income.

Question 68

Jason works as a stock market fund manager in the city centre; he walks to work from his downtown condominium. Brad operates a hotdog stand near Jason's office building; he takes the subway to get to work. Which of the following terms best describes this modern urban juxtaposition?

A) split-mode commuters
B) dual city
C) urban inequality
D) the great divide

Question 69

When growing up, Chantelle was embarrassed to tell her classmates where she lived, since it was just blocks from the downtown main street in a neighbourhood of working-class residents. Now she is proud of her address and has turned down a number of interested buyers, saying she couldn't imagine living anywhere else. What explains her change of heart?

A) The neighbourhood has matured.
B) The neighbourhood has been gentrified.
C) The neighbourhood has been re-urbanized.
D) The neighbourhood has become a fortress city.

Question 70

What are the components of the postmodern city?

A) emergence of edge, multiethnic, and dual cities
B) a mixture of Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft
C) urbanism and postindustrial economy
D) suburbia, urban core, business district

Question 71

Patricia and Mike are young, married, urban professionals expecting their first child and for lifestyle reasons they have bought a house in a much smaller city that is a 70-kilometre commute to Mike's big-city job. Which of the following terms best categorizes their new lifestyle?

A) familialism
B) urbanism
C) ruralism
D) suburbanism

Question 72

Which of the following caused gentrification in the 1970s and 1980s?

A) dislike of mass-produced housing
B) baby boomers looking for houses of their own
C) a proclivity for antique objects
D) acceptance of the suburban way of life

Question 73

A couple of downtown apartment dwellers locate a rundown Victorian house not far from their apartment, and during a downturn in real-estate prices they purchase the home, gut the inside, and renovate it completely. Soon, the whole city block around them is being refurbished. What kind of urban development is this?

A) rehabilitation
B) urban rebirth
C) core development
D) gentrification

Question 74

Emanuel lives in a new area outside Calgary. It has all the amenities he needs, including a big shopping mall, a hospital, a modern movie theatre complex, etc. He also works in one of the office buildings, so it is convenient for his work. However, when he wants to go downtown, he heads into Calgary, because the area where he lives does not really have a downtown. Where does Emanuel live?

A) in a corporate suburb
B) in an urban community
C) in a gentrified neighbourhood
D) in an edge city

Question 75

Beyond the city limits northwest of Toronto, perched on the Niagara Escarpment, lies Caledon: a rural community where many city dwellers have relocated to escape the urban lifestyle. Which of the following terms identifies this trend in relocation?

A) urban drift
B) urban rebellion
C) counter-urbanization
D) rural-urbanization

Question 76

Speaking in geographic terms, what can be concluded about edge cities?

A) They have no self-contained services such as shopping and entertainment.
B) They are far from commuting range of the city.
C) They exist just beyond the fringe of suburbia.
D) They have few working-class or middle-class neighbourhoods.

Question 77

What does the concept of urban-growth machine refer to?

A) rural landowners and real estate interests selling land on the edge of urban centres
B) a global coalition of urban activists opposed to urban sprawl and development
C) the pressure of population growth forcing cities into ongoing urban development
D) networked interest groups interested in sustained city growth and development

Question 78

In class, Kendra asserted that the city where she had grown up had no downtown. When a classmate asked what kind of city had no downtown, what would Kendra answer?

A) a dual city
B) an edge city
C) a theme-park city
D) an industrial city

Question 79

Lindsey, a licensed real estate sales person, has a number of properties listed for sale in the gentrified area of the inner city. Who should she target as potential purchasers when marketing and advertising these properties?

A) middle-aged men
B) newly arrived immigrants
C) the elderly
D) young, single women

Question 80

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the urban-growth machine?

A) It includes an extensive cast of players.
B) There is an emphasis on community and values.
C) Land use is seen as an investment and commodity.
D) It has a narrow economic and political focus.