Deck 1: Section 2: Criminal Justice and Scientific Inquiry

Question 1

Research proposals describe _____ and include a budget and time line.

A) planned activities.
B) literature review.
C) theoretical models.
D) limitations of research.

Answer 1

A
Explanation:
A. The correct answer is A because Research proposals describe planned activities and include a budget and time line.
B. This is an incorrect answer because Research proposals describe planned activities and include a budget and time line not literature review.
C. This is an incorrect answer because Research proposals describe planned activities and include a budget and time line not theoretical models.
D. This is an incorrect answer because Research proposals describe planned activities and include a budget and time line not limitations of research.

Question 2

Researchers guard against overgeneralization by selecting sufficiently large samples that are _____.

A) considered favorable to their hypothesis
B) probably good
C) carefully selected to reflect the variables that will show significant relationship
D) representative of the population
The correct answer is D

Answer 2

D
Explanation:
A. This is an incorrect answer because in order to generalize results to the population, the selected samples have to be representative of the population.
B. This is an incorrect because in order to generalize results to the population, the selected samples have to be representative of the population not just good.
C. This is an incorrect answer because in order to generalize results to the population, the selected samples have to be representative of the population not carefully selected to reflect the variables that will show significant relationship. That will be biased.
D. The correct answer is D because in order to generalize results to the population, the selected samples have to be representative of the population..

Question 3

When it comes to getting information from the Web, You need to be critical of the information you use because _____.

A) only experts can make a website that looks expert
B) Web relies more heavily on sponsored experts' views
C) Websites are continuously reviewed
D) Websites are seldom reviewed or refereed

Answer 3

D
Explanation:
A. This is an incorrect answer because anybody can submit information to be added and it may look like accurate and expert not just experts.
B. This is an incorrect answer because anybody can submit information to be added and it may look like accurate and expert and the sponsored experts may more details to how favorable their reviews are than the accuracy.
C. This is an incorrect answer because anybody can submit information to be added and it may look like accurate and expert not just experts. These websites are not generally reviewed or refereed.
D. The correct answer is D because Websites are rarely reviewed or refereed. Anybody can submit information to be added and it may look like accurate and expert.

Question 4

The abstract serves two major functions. First, it gives you a good idea as to
What is the article about. Second it establishes a _____ to read the rest of the article.

A) Format that should be used
B) Framework within which
C) Rubric that may be used
D) Guideline for your ideas and how

Question 5

Generally exploratory research is used to collect data on a measure to _____ with which future changes will be compared.

A) conduct interviews
B) establish a baseline
C) develop theory
D) conduct survey

Question 6

In, _____a researcher or public official observes and then describes what was observed.

A) applied research
B) exploratory research
C) descriptive research
D) survey research

Question 7

Empirical research is a process of learning through experience and involves _____.

A) developing theory
B) measurement and interpretation.
C) explanatory variables
D) ordinary ways

Question 8

A _____ is the most appropriate method for studying both general concern and fear for personal safety

A) Randomized trial
B) Interview
C) Focus group
D) Survey

Question 9

The patterns of cause and effect are _____ not predetermined

A) Probabilistic
B) definite
C) experimental
D) assigned

Question 10

Two basic activities in criminal justice research are: measurement and _____.

A) Variables
B) Interpretation
C) Descriptions
D) Objectives

Question 11

Criminal justice professionals _____.

A) only produce research .
B) only consume research.
C) consume and produce research
D) neither consume nor produce research

Question 12

The final stage of the research process involves using the research you've conducted and the conclusions you've reached. This is called _____.

A) Application
B) Evaluation
C) Exploration
D) Investigation

Question 13

When a researcher wishes o determine how common certain practices are in mentoring youth in the juvenile justice. The researcher may start collecting data on a measure to establish a baseline with which future changes will be compared. This is an example of _____.

A) explanatory research
B) exploratory research
C) descriptive research
D) Analytical research

Question 14

The population for a study is that group about whom we want to be able to _____.

A) study further.
B) explore and discuss.
C) make different observations
D) draw conclusions

Question 15

Doing a literature review is basically a process of _____ information.

A) Analyzing and writing.
B) accumulating, sorting through, and synthesizing.
C) describing and conceptualizing.
D) gathering data and preparing methods.

Question 16

Science offers a special approach to the discovery of reality through _____.

A) creative speculation
B) personal experiences
C) selective observation
D) metamorphosis

Question 17

The things we know from direct experience become our _____.

A) Agreement reality
B) Experiential reality
C) Assigned reality
D) Experimental reality

Question 18

_____ is one of the most used techniques to study patterns of cases and devise appropriate responses.

A) problem analysis
B) research
C) literature review
D) inductive reasoning

Question 19

Criminal Justice researchers reduce errors in research by making observation a careful and _____ activity.

A) swift
B) expensive
C) hasty
D) deliberate

Question 20

Examining whether a program designed to reduce certain crime actually had the intended effect is an example of _____.

A) Explanation
B) Evaluation
C) Application
D) Research

Question 21

Everyday human inquiry draws on personal experience and individual authority

Question 22

Science offers an approach to only experiential reality.

Question 23

Overgeneralization leads to misrepresentation and simplification of the problems.

Question 24

Methodology refers to the scientific methods that are used to better understand crime and criminal justice policy

Question 25

Some ideas or things we consider real because we've been told they're real, and everyone else seems to agree they are real. This is called agreement reality.