Deck 9: Canadian Families: Past, present, and Future

Question 1

Which aspect of family relations has most recently been included as a distinct entity in the census definition of family?

A) common-law relationships
B) same-sex couples
C) same-sex spouses
D) stepfamilies

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which statement best summarizes the discussion in the text about marriage and childrearing in Canada today?

A) Men are as likely as women to be single parents.
B) People are more inclined to get married than at any other time in history.
C) Same-sex couples cannot legally adopt children in Canada.
D) People marry at a much later age now than they did several decades ago.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The Canadian census defines a family in terms of a specific set of domestic relationships involving people who can be described as which of the following?

A) have a blood relationship
B) live in the same dwelling
C) have lived together for more than five years
D) can demonstrate that at least two them share at least one common ancestor

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Eugenia's family consists of herself,her ex-husband,their two children,and her sister and new brother-in-law.Her sister lives just down the street and has taken on some parental responsibilities when Eugenia's ex-husband cannot take the kids.According to the text,whose definition would best reflect Eugenia's definition of "family"?

A) Canadian census
B) George Peter Murdock
C) Vanier Institute of the Family
D) Talcott Parsons

Question 5

According to the text,which definition of family considers the presence of "love" between members?

A) Canadian census
B) George Peter Murdock
C) Vanier Institute of the Family
D) Talcott Parsons

Question 6

Which term refers to individuals who are not related by blood,marriage,or adoption but who assume some of the benefits and/or some of the obligations of family life?

A) fictive kin
B) extended family members
C) unrelated relations
D) proto-family members

Question 7

When were "no-fault" provisions introduced in the Divorce Act,which made marital breakdown the sole ground for divorce in Canada?

A) 1968
B) 1973
C) 1985
D) 1994

Question 8

When you consider marriage and cohabitation together,which statement best describes the proportion of people who are living in a committed,intimate relationship by the age of 35?

A) It has remained relatively constant over the decades.
B) It has decreased markedly over the decades.
C) It has shown a sharp increase over the decades.
D) It cannot be reliably estimated.

Question 9

Which term best describes a definition of family in terms of particular statuses (e.g. ,parent,child)and a specific physical location?

A) functional
B) structural
C) neolocal
D) demographic

Question 10

Michael and Jennifer each have one child from a previous relationship.They had legal adoption papers drawn up for each of these two children.They also had a set of twins after they became a common-law couple.According to the text and to census data classifications,how is this family best described?

A) nuclear and intact
B) stepfamily and intact
C) blended and stepfamily
D) blended and intact

Question 11

In 1972,Elyse and Mathias had been separated for three years.According to the text,what is the term that describes the divorce legislation that allowed this couple to obtain a divorce without evidence of wrong doing by either person?

A) practical divorce
B) annulment
C) no-fault divorce
D) blameless divorce

Question 12

According to the text,which term describes families that include children from a previous relationship?

A) nuclear
B) blended
C) intact
D) stepfamilies

Question 13

What accounts for the decline in marriage in recent decades?

A) large numbers of people deciding to never marry
B) an increase in cohabitation
C) fewer people believe in marriage according to opinion polls
D) concerns about the fact that over half of all marriages end in divorce

Question 14

According to the text,which factor accounts for the increase in single parents?

A) decrease in marriages
B) increase in divorces
C) increase in services for single parents
D) decrease in taxes for single parents

Question 15

Which of the following is included in the definition of family used by the Vanier Institute?

A) that children be present
B) a heterosexual relationship
C) that family members live in the same dwelling
D) that family involve emotional connections

Question 16

What does the Vanier Institute of the Family emphasize in its definition of family?

A) people who are related to each other by blood,legal ties,or adoption
B) internal processes and functions of families
C) economic roles and identity with other individuals
D) any group whose members consider themselves to be a family

Question 17

What kind of approach does the Canadian census use to define "family"?

A) structural
B) functional
C) sensible
D) antiquated

Question 18

Madeleina came to Canada with her husband and two children.After their arrival,they met and befriended a young couple who were very helpful with the children and even lent them money once when they had bills to pay.The husband even shovelled the walk once when Madeleina's husband was ill.The families are so close that they now invite each other to celebrate Christmas,birthdays,and other celebrations during the year.According to the text,how would their relationship be defined?

A) as an immigrant family
B) as a family network
C) as fictive kin
D) as adoption

Question 19

Which of the following is a major source of demographic information about families?

A) the research of sociologists
B) municipal records
C) Canadian census
D) found in data drawn from a large national sample

Question 20

Maya and Sandy have been living together in a committed relationship for five years,without being legally married.Which term best describes their relationship?

A) constitutional relationship
B) common-law union
C) dual habitation
D) trial marriage

Question 21

Janine and Joshua married when they were both 38 and have decided to have only one child,primarily because of the cost of raising a child today.David Popenoe would explain their decision as a reflection of what social trend?

A) marrying later in life
B) a loss of childcentredness
C) pre-emptive custody concerns
D) divorce-focused marriages

Question 22

According to the text,which term refers to a family household that includes three generations in the same household?

A) extended
B) postmodern
C) communal
D) primordial

Question 23

In Canada,which trend has been seen in recent decades?

A) increasing marriage rates
B) couples marrying at younger ages
C) increases in lone parenthood
D) increasing birth rates

Question 24

In Canada today,what percentage of single families are headed by women?

A) 30
B) 50
C) 65
D) 80

Question 25

Which statement best reflects the family pluralism perspective?

A) People should have more children.
B) Stable families tend to have religious foundations.
C) Today,people have less control of their children's socialization.
D) People have greater opportunity for relationship satisfaction.

Question 26

According to Brooks (2002),what is the "most important problem" facing society?

A) same-sex marriage
B) aging population
C) uneducated parents
D) family decline

Question 27

If members of a tribe practised the custom of marrying one person during their entire lifetime,what kind of marriage would they have?

A) homogamous
B) polygamous
C) monogamous
D) group marriage

Question 28

According to the "family decline perspective," lone parenthood is equated with what social outcome?

A) absentee fathers
B) loss of childcentredness
C) ineffective child socialization
D) increased child labour

Question 29

Which term refers to a marriage to one person at a time?

A) homogamy
B) polygamy
C) monogamy
D) monofily

Question 30

Emily and Nathan,both in their mid-30s,want children but are experiencing infertility.Together,they earn a comfortable upper-middle class income.They and their physician have discussed several very expensive reproductive technologies.They have family members who are opposed to purchasing a service that may result in human life.According to the text,this scenario highlights what bioethical concern?

A) The children born of these technologies are considered state property.
B) The children born of these technologies are perceived as commodities.
C) Children born from reproductive technologies face social stigma.
D) Social supports for families who freeze fertilized eggs are dwindling.

Question 31

Which of the following is a nuclear family?

A) Sara and Dave Smith,their two children,and their parents
B) Barbara and her great aunt
C) married couple Amy and Bryan,and Bryan's son from a previous marriage
D) Lachlan and his 10-year-old golden retriever

Question 32

What does the term "baby boom" refer to?

A) a dramatic increase in government subsidies made available to parent with more than three children
B) a period after World War II during which an unusually large number of children were born
C) the dramatic increases in the number of multiple births resulting from new reproduction technologies
D) the large number of immigrants who have children within their first year in Canada

Question 33

Barry is a senior partner in an accounting firm.He is working on a retirement plan that includes cutting back to half-time work when he turns 63,just two years from now.He was born in 1953.Most of the senior partners were born in roughly that same post-World War II timeframe.Barry is a member of which age cohort?

A) old age pensioners
B) the "golden parachute" group
C) baby boomers
D) early retirees

Question 34

Which statement best reflects the family pluralism perspective?

A) In the so-called golden age of the family,single parenthood was very much a matter of choice.
B) Individuals actually have less freedom now than in the past to choose the types of relationships they wish to have.
C) The decline perspective is based on myths.
D) One needs to be very cautious with respect to family diversity.

Question 35

Dan and Aamori live in Vancouver with their two sons,Emmett and Imara.Which term best describes their family?

A) disjointed kin
B) extended family
C) nuclear family
D) conjugal family

Question 36

Kellan and Rachel are getting a divorce.Their friend Julie believes they are both being selfish and not thinking of their children.She believes they should work on their marriage to create a stable home for their children.According to the text,what perspective does Julie support?

A) family decline perspective
B) family pluralism perspective
C) family unit perspective
D) family unity perspective

Question 37

Sheila,Mandy,and Cynthia live with their husband Phillip and the three children,which all adults play a role in raising.There are,in total,seven people in the family.Sheila,Mandy,and Cynthia make all of the major family decisions and are the ultimate authority on family matters.Like other people in the society in which they live,the adults trace their ancestry through the mothers.Which set of terms best describes this family?

A) nuclear,monogamous,patriarchal,and bilineal
B) nuclear,monogamous,bitriacchal,and bilineal
C) nuclear,polygamous,matriarchal,and matrilineal
D) extended,monogamous,matriarchal,and bilineal

Question 38

Alaine,his wife Cleo,and their two young sons live in a house they built shortly after Alain and Cleo got married.Cleo's parents live in a nearby city and Alaine has family across the country that they seldom see.How would a sociologist describe Alaine and Cleo's two-child family?

A) disjointed
B) extended
C) nuclear
D) conjugal

Question 39

Kellan and Rachel are getting a divorce.Their friend Samir supports their decision because staying in an unhappy marriage is worse for the children than creating two single-parent homes.According to the text,what perspective does Samir support?

A) family decline perspective
B) family pluralism perspective
C) family unit perspective
D) family unity perspective

Question 40

Which statement best reflects the family pluralism perspective?

A) People should have more children.
B) It is a myth that families used to be better off than they are today.
C) Same-sex marriage reflects the decline of the family.
D) The 1950s was the height of family togetherness.

Question 41

Lisa and Charles recently lost their father to heart disease.Charles inherits the family estate and lakefront property while Lisa gets nothing.What pattern of descent is at work here?

A) monarchical
B) patrilocal
C) patrilineal
D) patriarchal

Question 42

What does data gathered from police reports on child abuse in Canada suggest?

A) The rate of victimization by family violence is lower for girls than for boys.
B) The younger the victim of child abuse is,the more likely it is that the offender is a parent.
C) Child abuse is most likely when the child is below the age of five.
D) Male and female children are equally likely to be the victims of sexual abuse.

Question 43

When Europeans arrived in what is now called Canada,what did they find?

A) Indigenous families were matriarchal.
B) Women in Indigenous families had virtually no power compared to women in European families.
C) Some Indigenous cultures were patrilineal,while others were matrilineal.
D) Family forms had less to do with relationships and more to do with static roles within a social structure.

Question 44

According to the text,which theory states that "individuals wish to pursue or maintain relationships in which a profit is derived"?

A) profit sharing theory
B) social exchange theory
C) companion theory
D) life course development theory

Question 45

Margo is an Indigenous woman who had parents and other relatives who were forcibly sent to live in the first incarnation of the residential schools.Her parents grew up in these schools without learning most of the skills and capacities necessary to keep a family functioning.Margo's parents,and many parents like Margo's,were not able to cope with the demands of parenthood and,without adequate education and employment,were impoverished.Subsequently,in the 1960s,Margo was also taken from her parents and placed into the residential school system.According to the text,what is the name given to the second wave of Indigenous child apprehension?

A) Indigenous baby boomers
B) the sixties scoop
C) the sixties educational placement strategy
D) Indigenous child protection services

Question 46

In what family structure does the eldest male (usually the father)hold authority?

A) patriarchal
B) matriarchal
C) egalitarian
D) bilateral

Question 47

When Europeans arrived in what is now called Canada,what did they find about Indigenous families?

A) Children were viewed as property rather than as "persons."
B) Children were to be kept at an emotional distance and treated harshly.
C) Punishment was used extensively as a socialization technique.
D) There was a relative absence of patriarchal authority.

Question 48

Despite some changes,which terms do many scholars still contend best describe Canadian society?

A) bilineal and patriarchal
B) bilineal and bitriarchal
C) patrilineal and patriarchal
D) matrilineal and patriarchal

Question 49

According to the best available evidence,which statement best describes children and poverty?

A) Children born into common-law relationships are no more likely to experience family disruption and poverty by the age of 10 than are children born into more conventional marriages.
B) The proportion of children living in poverty is higher in lone-parent families than in families where both parents are present.
C) Children living in off-reserve families are more likely to live in poverty than children in on-reserve families
D) Only about five percent of children live in low-income families.

Question 50

What does the term "sixties scoop" refer to?

A) the large number of Canadians who entered universities in the 1960s
B) the post baby boom period
C) the large number of Indigenous children who entered foster care in the 1960s
D) the large number of government programs which provide benefits to those over 60 years of age

Question 51

In what family structure does the mother hold authority?

A) patriarchal
B) matriarchal
C) egalitarian
D) bilateral

Question 52

According to the text,what did a 17-year study of married couples conclude?

A) Marital cohesiveness was largely unaffected by the rewards associated with the relationship.
B) Marital cohesiveness was heavily dependent on the barriers to divorce.
C) Perceptions of alternatives were more important than rewards in determining marital cohesiveness.
D) Barriers to divorce were less important than rewards in determining marital cohesiveness.

Question 53

Theresa has owned and operated a popular bakery in Timmins for three decades.Her five children work under her leadership.Which term best describes this family structure?

A) patriarchal
B) matriarchal
C) egalitarian
D) bilateral

Question 54

Which statement best describes social exchange theory?

A) It assumes that relationships are guided by emotions.
B) It is social psychological in nature.
C) It has been criticized for conceptualizing profit in narrow economic terms.
D) It has neglected the role played by equity in social exchanges.

Question 55

In the 1930s,the Canadian government insisted that,at age five,Arora go to an Indigenous residential school.She was abused and suffered from neglect.According to the text,what other outcome likely occurred as a result of her time in the government school?

A) She received a solid education.
B) She was punished for speaking English.
C) She grew up outside a family environment.
D) She became more aware of her Indigenous heritage.

Question 56

According to the text,what destroyed the traditional Indigenous family?

A) a successful assimilation policy
B) interventionist strategies employed by the Canadian state and the church
C) cultural awareness and self-government
D) the informal network and the formal political hierarchy

Question 57

What did the findings of the Canadian General Social Survey suggest with respect to family violence?

A) Women were much more likely than men to report being abused.
B) Women were more likely to experience more severe forms of abuse.
C) The majority of victims said that they reported their victimization to authorities.
D) Dating violence cannot be investigated using a survey method.

Question 58

Jerome lives with his wife Vivian and their two children,for a total of four people in the family.Jerome makes all of the major family decisions and is the ultimate authority on family matters.Like other people in the society in which they live,Jerome and Vivian trace their ancestry though both the mother's and the father's side of the family.Which set of terms best describes this family?

A) nuclear,monogamous,patriarchal,and bilineal
B) nuclear,monogamous,bitriachal,and bilineal
C) nuclear,polygamous,matriarchal,and matrilineal
D) extended,monogamous,matriarchal,and bilineal

Question 59

What did the Canadian federal government establish in order to accelerate assimilation of Indigenous families?

A) residential schools
B) the off-reserve system
C) a program of financial incentives
D) a program of sponsorship among non-Indigenous families

Question 60

What pattern of descent has a legitimate son as the father's heir to property and sometimes social position?

A) monarchical
B) patrilocal
C) patriarchal
D) patrilineal

Question 61

Pat and Chris just brought home their first baby.Based on previous research,what might a family life course sociologist advise them to be aware of?

A) Pat and Chris are likely to experience a decline in relationship conflict given their joy over the birth of their baby.
B) Pat and Chris need not worry about a decline in their feelings of love for each other because the baby is adopted.
C) They are about to undergo one of the most stressful family situations.
D) If Pat and Chris are gay or lesbian parents,they need not worry about a decline in feelings of love because this only affects heterosexual parents.

Question 62

Matthew staunchly believes that as long as society insists that women need to be responsible for home and children,women will be oppressed.He feels frustrated because people do not seem to understand that women's inferior position is linked to their lower status in the private sphere.Which theoretical perspective do Matthew's ideas mirror?

A) postmodern
B) feminist
C) conflict
D) symbolic interactionist

Question 63

Which theories are most commonly used in the study of the family?

A) conflict theory and social exchange theory
B) social exchange theory and life course development theory
C) conflict theory and functionalist theory
D) exchange theory and interactionist theory

Question 64

Which statement best summarizes the arguments of interactionist theorists?

A) It sometimes makes sense to talk of "her marriage" but never "his marriage."
B) For divorced parents,variable perceptions of the father's parenting skills on the part of parents tends to contribute to the development of effective parenting.
C) Victims of dating violence are rarely unsure as to whether or not they have been victimized.
D) For divorced parents,a variable perception of a mother's willingness to accommodate changes in the visiting schedule makes effective co-parenting difficult

Question 65

"When I get home from my full-time job,my husband often is waiting for me to make dinner.After we eat,we put the kids to bed,but then I have to straighten up the house or it doesn't get done." What is this a prime example of?

A) why men have children later in life
B) why the birthrate is falling
C) gendered inequality
D) a mothering ideology

Question 66

While defining families on the basis of love offers flexibility relative to inclusiveness and notions of emotional support,the tendency to focus on positive emotions is an idealized version of families that can neglect to account for negative emotional realities (e.g. ,family violence).

Question 67

As new parents,Colin and Erica are finding that parenthood has taken a toll on their marriage.They fight more often and rarely take time to show each other love or affection.According to the text,what theory would best be used to analyze their relationship?

A) social parenting theory
B) family expansion theory
C) dual-parenting theory
D) family life course development theory

Question 68

Ontario has the highest proportion of common-law couples of any province in Canada.

Question 69

According to the Canadian Census,a family is defined as "intact" when children are the biological/adopted children of both parents.

Question 70

Which statement best reflects the ideas of sociologist Jessie Bernard?

A) Men and women experience marriage differently and that a marriage contains two marriages: "his marriage" and "her marriage."
B) Romantic love is no longer a very significant factor in mate selection in Western culture.
C) Problems of dominance and subordination inherent in relationships represent a "negative side of family life."
D) Patriarchy in the society is often reversed in the home,with the woman being more dominant than the man.

Question 71

It is not acceptable to include and describe pets as members of the family.

Question 72

According to the text,what do feminist theorists believe is the source of inequality in the family?

A) social status
B) class differences
C) property arrangements
D) patriarchy

Question 73

After an argument about childcare,married couple Alison and Bob are at odds.Alison believes she is almost fully responsible for raising the children,while Bob is certain he does more than his fair share of childrearing.According to sociologist Jessie Bernard,what is happening here?

A) Alison and Bob have "his marriage" and "her marriage."
B) Alison and Bob have an egalitarian marriage.
C) Alison and Bob have a marital hierarchy.
D) Alison and Bob have shared realities.

Question 74

In Canada,since 1970,the rates of people who are getting married for both the first and second times have steadily increased.

Question 75

Program Brightstart in Saskatchewan is intended to assist in solving some of the unique problems associated with which type of parents?

A) teenage
B) later life
C) same-sex
D) immigrant

Question 76

You have some friends whom you have known all your life whom you regard as "family members." These friends are considered "fictive kin."

Question 77

If we were to argue that family conflict is a microcosm of societal conflict,we might not be surprised to find a relationship between family violence and which of the following?

A) sibling rivalry
B) family resources
C) age of parents
D) social disorganization

Question 78

The Canadian census definition of family has changed a great deal over the years.

Question 79

According to which perspective is the family important for maintaining social order?

A) functionalist theory
B) interactionist theory
C) conflict theory
D) feminist theory

Question 80

Which statement best describes feminist theories of the family?

A) They reinforce romantic images of family life.
B) They are heteronormative.
C) They ignore the study of the "second shift."
D) They argue there is no single,monolithic "family," but rather a plurality of family forms.