Deck 2: Historical Antecedents

Question 1

As the 20^th century approched and during its early decades major discoveries began to show how life sustaining activities were regulated and

A) Claude Bernard discovered hormones
B) Walter H. Gaskill concluded that the involuntary system had antagonistic components
C) Walter Cannon named the autonomic nervous system
D) Ivan Pavlov proposed the milieu interiur to explain his finding tha dogs could salivate to the sound of a bell

Answer 1

Walter H. Gaskill concluded that the involuntary system had antagonistic components

Question 2

The classical medical traditions of antiquity

A) were free of magical and religious overtones
B) arose first in Greek civilization
C) viewed disease as resulting entirely from naturals causes
D) remained influential for millenia

Answer 2

remained influential for millenia

Question 3

The idea that disease must be understood in holistic terms and treatment directed at the whole person

A) was not evident in antiguity
B) blossomed after the germ theory of disease became established
C) was clearly evident at the end of the 19^th century
D) had to wait for psychoneuroimmunology to gain recognition

Answer 3

was clearly evident at the end of the 19^th century

Question 4

An understanding that disease could be spread by contact

A) is a recent development resulting from science
B) was understood in antiquity
C) did not have an impact on health until the 20^th century
D) was precluded by the notion that disease was due to the imbalance of humors

Question 5

Microscopic life forms such as bacteria were discovered in

A) 1543
B) 1628
C) 1670
D) 1883

Question 6

Hugo Besedovsky and Alejandra del Rey demonstrated that

A) sympathetic nerve fibers innervate lymphoid tissue
B) molecules released by immune cells activate the hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal axis
C) immune cells release pituitary peptides
D) rabies vaccine caused brain inflammation

Question 7

Which of the following was an important contributor to the research which set the stage for the emergence of psychoneuroimmunology

A) Hans Selye
B) George Solomon
C) Aaron F. Rasmussen, Jr.
D) all of the above

Question 8

Chinese, Indian, and Greek medical traditions all emphasized the

A) balanced flow of substances as essential to health
B) centrality of heart-mind to happiness
C) role of digestive-fire in neutralizing experience
D) impact of black-bile excess on emotional disease

Question 9

The individual credited with recognizing that the body actively fought infection was

A) Elie Metchnikoff
B) Edward Jenner
C) Louis Pasteur
D) Shibaraburo Kitusata

Question 10

The evolution of healing is disucussed in detail by

A) Charles Darwin
B) Edward S. Golub
C) Horacio Fábrega
D) Milton Erickson

Question 11

Communication between the brain and the immune system was

A) originally explored based on the work of Cannon
B) actively sought by Ader based on his theory of psychoneuroimmunology
C) gained acceptance after it was shown that brain cells resemble immune cells
D) supported by the finding that immune suppression could be classically conditioned

Question 12

Health is a characteristic of life that

A) is reflected in the behavior of individuals
B) affects the group only in humans
C) both a and b
D) none of the above

Question 13

Attempts at healing the sick by early humans

A) were never conducted by close kin
B) were intended to delay death
C) did not pose a risk for the healer
D) were temporary and focused on recovery