Deck 8: Race and Ethnicity: Defining Ourselves and Others

Question 1

Which term refers to a system of classification based on physical differences that are seen as essential and permanent?

A) ethnicity
B) cultural hierarchy
C) race
D) fixed social ranking

Answer 1

C

Question 2

According to the text,what are objective definitions of ethnicity based upon?

A) a sense of belonging,or a shared "we feeling"
B) language,customs,national origin,and ancestry
C) labels and definitions applied by out-groups
D) definitions of the in-group that defines itself

Answer 2

B

Question 3

According to the text,what is the main difference between race and ethnicity?

A) Race is physical attributes;ethnicity is cultural characteristics.
B) Race is cultural characteristics;ethnicity is physical attributes.
C) People can be multiracial,but they can't be multi-ethnic.
D) Racial categorizations are more scientifically determined.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

How long have Indigenous people called the land known as North America home?

A) approximately 500 years
B) approximately 1000 years
C) at least 14,000 years
D) at least one million years

Question 5

Which term acknowledges fundamental rights,as outlined in the United Nations Declaration:

A) Native
B) Aboriginal
C) Indigenous
D) First Nations

Question 6

Which term refers to the ethnic characteristics of your ancestors?

A) objective ethnicity
B) subjective ethnicity
C) cultural ethnicity
D) ancestral ethnicity

Question 7

Which term draws attention to the oppressive social and political practices that give rise to inequalities experienced by people of colour?

A) ethnic identity
B) race
C) visible minority
D) racialized group

Question 8

What is the preferred location for most immigrants to Canada?

A) medium-sized cities
B) Atlantic Canada
C) Toronto
D) Vancouver

Question 9

Which term refers to "the process by which racial categories are constructed as different and unequal in ways that have social,economic,and political consequences"?

A) discrimination
B) cultural diversity
C) racialization
D) radicalization

Question 10

According to the text,which of the following is a conclusion of the scientific community concerning racial differences?

A) Racial classification is based on sound science.
B) Outward appearance definitions are reasonable.
C) Genetic differences are behaviourally significant.
D) Genetic differences between groups are small.

Question 11

Stan is a third-generation descendant of Chinese immigrants.He works as a volunteer at a local food bank in a mid-sized Western Canadian city.The city has a large Indigenous population who,due to the legacy of colonization,poverty,and social barriers,are frequent clients of the food bank.Due to his physical features of non-Caucasian skin colour and black hair,he is often asked about his "Indigenous" ancestry and is commended for helping his "people." According to the text,what two categorizations are being incorrectly integrated?

A) visible minority status and subjective ethnicity
B) cultural characteristics and racial profiling
C) ethnicity and race
D) objective and subjective ethnicity

Question 12

Which statement best describes ethnicity?

A) Ethnicity is a term that should be used to refer to groups outside of the dominant culture.
B) Only groups of people who are definable in terms of language or lifestyle can be said to have an ethnicity.
C) Everyone can be said to have an ethnicity.
D) While everyone has an objective ethnicity,few people have a subjective ethnicity.

Question 13

Which term refers to how you personally identify your ethnicity?

A) objective ethnicity
B) subjective ethnicity
C) cultural ethnicity
D) personal ethnicity

Question 14

Which term refers to a group of people who can be distinguished by themselves and others on the basis of cultural or nationality characteristics?

A) a minority group
B) a nation state
C) a racial group
D) an ethnic group

Question 15

Which term is defined as "a socially constructed category used to classify humankind according to such physical characteristics as skin colour,hair texture,and facial features"?

A) race
B) objective ethnicity
C) subjective ethnicity
D) ethnic origin

Question 16

Currently,what are the top three source countries for immigrants who move to Canada?

A) Pakistan,Nigeria,China
B) Philippines,China,and Iran
C) China,Philippines,and India
D) China,Japan,and India

Question 17

In Canada,what is the most common mother tongue?

A) English
B) French
C) Mandarin
D) Punjabi

Question 18

Tarik's parents encouraged him to participate in activities in their Bosnian community in Canada,but he refused,telling his parents that he was "Canadian." Five years later,however,he became active in the community,volunteered at a Bosnian cultural centre,and called himself "Bosnian." What does this case study demonstrate?

A) Group ethnicity is stronger than individual ethnicity.
B) Denying one's ethnicity is problematic.
C) Ethnicity can change.
D) Growing up in Canada is confusing for immigrant youth.

Question 19

According to the text,what is the country of origin of Canadian immigrants today most likely to be?

A) European
B) non-European
C) African
D) Asian

Question 20

Which term refers to cultural characteristics such as language,religion,taste in food,shared descent,cultural traditions,and shared geographical locations?

A) national pride
B) functional culture
C) cultural acuity
D) ethnicity

Question 21

Which statement best describes extended families?

A) Immigrants are less likely than non-immigrants to live in extended families.
B) Members of non-racialized groups are more likely than members of racialized groups to live in extended families.
C) Indigenous people on reserves are more likely than non-indigenous people to live in extended families.
D) The extended family is the dominant family form in Canada irrespective of immigration or racial status.

Question 22

What label is given to the pattern of adaptation used by immigrant youth who identify primarily with their new,national culture?

A) ethnic pattern
B) national pattern
C) diffuse pattern
D) integration pattern

Question 23

Which statement best reflects the difference between the term "minority" and "visible minority"?

A) A visible minority refers to non-white individuals.
B) A visible minority refers to all women and non-white people.
C) A visible minority refers to Aboriginal people.
D) A visible minority refers to a shorthand slang term for anyone who looks different than the norm.

Question 24

Who would most likely be classified as a member of a minority group in Canada?

A) a Chinese man
B) a white man with northern European ancestry
C) a French Canadian man
D) a member of the middle class

Question 25

Zainab is a 20-year-old woman who emigrated from Iraq to Canada with her family in 2008.While she is at home among her extended family and family friends,she dresses and acts as is expected of a young Iraqi woman.When she returns to her university dormitory to live amid her friends who come from many ethnic and religious backgrounds,she dresses and acts according to dominant Western norms.What term best describes Zainab's intergenerational status?

A) bicultural
B) multicultural
C) socioculturally adaptive
D) rebellious

Question 26

According to the text,what type of immigrant needs to be sponsored by close relatives who have already immigrated to Canada?

A) Geneva Convention refugees
B) economic immigrants
C) country of asylum refugees
D) family-class immigrants

Question 27

Which statement best describes the average income of immigrants and the average income of Canadians?

A) Immigrants earn less than non-immigrants only at the highest income levels.
B) Immigrants earn less than Canadians only in the lowest educational levels.
C) Income disparities are smallest among those who have migrated in the last five years.
D) Immigrants earn less than non-immigrants at all educational levels.

Question 28

According to your text,to whom does the term "les femmes du pays" apply?

A) European women who emigrate to Canada to marry wealthy Canadian merchants in Quebec
B) European women who migrated with their husbands to Western Canada to participate as farm wives in Western settlement
C) Indigenous country wives of European traders
D) Métis wives of French Canadian farmers

Question 29

Youth like Juan whose parents were born in Mexico but who was born in Canada have been observed to adapt to the demands of the two cultures in four different ways.Which of the following is NOT recognized as a form of adaptation?

A) integration
B) national
C) ethnic
D) specific

Question 30

Which factor has the greatest effect on the income disparity between Indigenous and non-Indigenous people?

A) age of first job
B) level of education
C) language skills
D) willingness to relocate

Question 31

Juan's parents were born in Mexico but he was born in Canada.At home he is expected to speak Spanish and to observe Mexican customs and holidays.Which term best describes his orientation?

A) subcultural
B) bicultural
C) Mexi-Canadian
D) Spanish-Canadian

Question 32

What term do sociologists use for the group whose members are disadvantaged and subjected to unequal treatment by the dominant group,because of physical or cultural characteristics,and who regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination?

A) socially depressed
B) minority
C) marginalized
D) powerless

Question 33

According to the text,which term describes a child who is exposed to characteristics of the family heritage when at home and participates in the national culture of the country where he or she lives when outside the home?

A) cultural liaison
B) bicultural
C) ethnic-national
D) ethnically balanced

Question 34

Immigration policies that barred entry into Canada for certain groups were allowed until the application policies were reworded in the 1960s.According to the text,what was exclusionary phrase that was removed from immigration forms?

A) nation of origin
B) ethno-racial ancestry
C) ethno-cultural ancestry
D) racial origin

Question 35

What label is given to the pattern of adaptation used by immigrant youth who identify with both their heritage cultures and their new,national cultures?

A) ethnic pattern
B) national pattern
C) diffuse pattern
D) integration pattern

Question 36

Which statement best describes co-residence of immigrants?

A) Young adults from the first generation in their families to be born in Canada are less likely to be co-residing with parents.
B) The effects of ethnicity on co-residence is unaffected by the length of time the family has been living in Canada.
C) Young people of Southern European and Asian origins are more likely co-reside with parents.
D) Co-residence with parents is unaffected by the recency of immigration to Canada.

Question 37

According to the text,which of the following is NOT a factor that influences the age when youth move out of the family home in Canada?

A) family socioeconomic status
B) family connectedness
C) community participation
D) recency of immigration

Question 38

What process involves members of subordinate racial and ethnic groups becoming absorbed into the dominant culture?

A) participation
B) pluralism
C) assimilation
D) amalgamation

Question 39

You know of four people who are seeking to relocate to Canada.Reza wishes to come to Canada because he lost his family in a natural disaster some years ago and wishes to start over.Sange had a factory in his country making buggy whips and he is considered a master buggy whip maker.Megha feels that if she returns to her home she may be prosecuted because of her role in the democracy movement.Finally,Brett wants to come to Canada because he has inherited wealth and wants to go on an endless ski vacation.Who would you say most closely matches the objectives of the Immigration and Refugee Act of 2001?

A) Reza
B) Sange
C) Megha
D) Brett

Question 40

Joseph,his four siblings,his parents,and his grandparents share a home.Joseph and his family have recently moved to the city from an Indigenous reserve in northern Manitoba.According to the text,why might this family choose to live as an extended family?

A) to ensure the passing on of cultural tractions from elders
B) to allow for ease of religious worship among the family
C) extended families can offer support and protection in a racialized society
D) to have the grandparents to care the younger children in the children's own home

Question 41

Which statement best describes residential schools?

A) The program of residential schools began in the 1950s.
B) Residential schools were operated by local school boards.
C) Students were allowed to not take part in the residential school program if they had strong religious objections.
D) Under the policy,education beyond Grade 8 was prohibited for Indigenous youth.

Question 42

Which term refers to someone who holds a negative attitude about people of colour based on preconceived notions about them?

A) prejudiced
B) a discriminator
C) stereotyped
D) a scapegoater

Question 43

What is a minority group?

A) a group that is socially disadvantaged
B) a group that makes up less than 50 percent of the population
C) a combination of immigrant groups and visible minorities
D) a group that can be defined in terms of a unique ethnic character

Question 44

Which pattern of group interactions is reflected in the Canadian policy of multiculturalism?

A) assimilation
B) pluralism
C) miscegenation
D) voluntary segregation

Question 45

What do anti-miscegenation laws prohibit?

A) attempting to immigrate without possession of the relevant documents
B) any attempt to subvert multiculturalism policy
C) interracial marriage
D) interracial adoption

Question 46

The school board abolished an old regulation that no students from Country X would be admitted.The regulation had been put in place because the board had believed at the time that people from Country X were less intelligent and unable to achieve appropriate academic standards.What was the rule an example of?

A) prejudice
B) normative theory
C) frustration-aggression
D) Marxist ideology

Question 47

Which statement best describes population transfer?

A) It includes the voluntary relocation of population groups.
B) It involves agreements by countries to set matching immigration goals.
C) It is exemplified in the development of the reserve system for Indigenous People.
D) It is exemplified by the release of people of Japanese descent from internment camps at the end of World War I.

Question 48

Which statement best describes the assimilation of immigrants?

A) It is generally understood as an involuntary process.
B) It is best understood as a linear process in the case of racialized groups.
C) It is best understood as a segmented process in the case of contemporary immigrant groups.
D) Over time all immigrant groups seem to be assimilated to roughly equal degrees.

Question 49

Which statement best describes the Canadian Multiculturalism Policy?

A) During the incipient stage (prior to 1971)Canadian political and social institutions were employed a "made in Canada" model of multiculturalism.
B) A movement away from assimilation was prompted by the large scale immigration that occurred after World War I.
C) Canada was the first nation in the world to establish a national multiculturalism law.
D) In the 1990s Canadian multiculturalism developed a folkloric orientation.

Question 50

Your parents believe that all people from Hawaii have pig roasts on a regular basis and can hula dance.What name would sociologists use to describe these overgeneralizations?

A) ethnicity
B) discrimination
C) stereotypes
D) racism

Question 51

The reserve system forced Indigenous communities to give up most of their traditional sociocultural,spiritual,and political systems.According to the text,what was the goal of the Gradual Civilization Act of 1857 and the Gradual Civilization Act of 1869?

A) acculturation
B) pacification
C) reconciliation
D) ethnocide

Question 52

According to the text,what is the definition of "pluralism"?

A) Cultural differences are maintained and celebrated.
B) Cultural differences are too numerous to count.
C) National cultures combine into one new culture.
D) Origin culture is slowly replaced by new culture.

Question 53

According to the text,what is the federal government's reserve system for status Indians a blatant example of?

A) population transfer
B) accommodation
C) structural assimilation
D) amalgamation

Question 54

A woman tells her husband: "I am going to hire Julie to clean the house because she is from Country X and immigrants from there are very hard workers." Which prejudicial component is this woman highlighting?

A) behavioural
B) affective
C) institutional
D) cognitive

Question 55

According to the text,which term is used when a minority group is separated from the dominant group?

A) population split
B) ghettoization
C) segregation
D) social division

Question 56

Which statement best describes the assimilation experiences of Indigenous people in Canada?

A) It finds its origins in the middle of the 20th century.
B) The reserve system largely allowed Indigenous people to maintain their traditional customs.
C) While the process was coercive it should not be seen as a form of ethnocide.
D) Under the Indian Act,all Indigenous people became wards of the federal government.

Question 57

Jaroslav believes that his Polish culture is superior to every other culture.What is his belief called,according to the text?

A) non-specific ethnic pride
B) ethnocentrism
C) subliminal racism
D) stereotyping

Question 58

Which statement best describes the education students received in residential schools?

A) In addition to their academic work,students were required to spend every afternoon doing manual labour.
B) By and large teachers had the same training as teachers in other schools.
C) Unlike private school systems,residential schools were not allowed to operate for profit.
D) Relatively few schools played any part in a program of ethnocide.

Question 59

As of 2015,what amends have been made for the residential schools?

A) None of the religious orders involved in the residential school system have offered an apology.
B) The federal government apologized for the residential school system in 2008.
C) Despite promises,former students have yet to be offered a restitution package.
D) Despite promises,a "Truth and Reconciliation Commission" was never created.

Question 60

According to the text,what is racism?

A) It is mostly a biological category.
B) It is largely a thing of the past.
C) It is primarily a form of prejudice
D) It is primarily associated with radical countercultures looking for change.

Question 61

Which group was subject to a head tax as part of Canada's racist immigration policy?

A) Jews
B) South Asians
C) Chinese
D) Japanese

Question 62

Why would a study of galvanic skin responses be a useful way to study prejudice?

A) Prejudice cannot really be measured in a survey.
B) Prejudice people are less likely to respond to surveys.
C) Galvanic skin response can be measured without the subjects' knowledge.
D) People might not be aware of their own prejudices.

Question 63

What was found in a study of prejudice and galvanic skin responses?

A) People who were high in ethnocentrism were likely to have a higher galvanic skin response in the presence of a black subject.
B) People who were low in ethnocentrism were likely to have a higher galvanic skin response in the presence of a black subject.
C) Ethnocentrism appeared to be unrelated to galvanic skin response.
D) People who were high in ethnocentrism had a higher galvanic skin response irrespective of the colour of the subject.

Question 64

According to the text,what label is assigned to an immigrant who is blamed for the difficulties of a Canadian-born person?

A) unwanted
B) blame-target
C) scapegoat
D) employed

Question 65

With respect to race and ethnicity,what are interactionist theories about?

A) They are about individually ascribed mental and physical advantages and disadvantages.
B) They are about racial prejudices and attitudes caused by inbred,biological dispositions.
C) They are about social problems caused by the nature of economic inequality in society.
D) They are about racial prejudices and attitudes learned through social interactions.

Question 66

According to the text,which of the following is an example of systemic discrimination?

A) specifically naming Aboriginal peoples in Canada's Charter of Rights and Freedoms
B) the Parliament of Canada apologizing to Aboriginal people for residential school abuses
C) awarding Japanese Canadians cash awards for wrongs suffered during World War II
D) imposing height restrictions as part of the screening process for applicants to the police force

Question 67

According to the text,which statement best reflects the realistic conflict theory?

A) It asserts that racism is about biological/genetic inheritance,not resources.
B) It is used to understand how prejudice emerges from competition over scarce resources.
C) It ensures that superior genetics are kept within specific ethnic groups.
D) It supports ideas that the owning class is socially superior and entitled.

Question 68

A young man grew up in the U.S.Deep South.His grandfather and father were both members of the Ku Klux Klan,and he is also a member of the Klan,and he has an abiding hatred of minorities.Which type of social theory predicts this man's prejudice?

A) interactionist
B) social-psychological
C) power-conflict
D) Marxist

Question 69

According to split labour market theory,which category is most likely to discriminate?

A) highly paid non-white workers competing with immigrants for the same jobs
B) recent immigrants from different countries competing for the same jobs
C) white workers (expensive labour)being displaced by immigrants (cheap labour)
D) the state by discriminating against immigrants by limiting access through head taxes

Question 70

How does realistic conflict theory explain inter-group prejudice?

A) in term of authoritarian personalities
B) in terms of competition over scarce resources
C) in terms of the presence of scapegoats
D) in terms of racialization theory

Question 71

Which statement best describes the role of the cognitive and affective components with respect to prejudice?

A) The cognitive component need not correspond to the behavioural component but the affective component always corresponds to the behavioural component.
B) The affective component need not correspond to the behavioural component but the cognitive component always corresponds to the behavioural component.
C) Neither the cognitive nor the affective components must correspond to the behavioural component.
D) Both the cognitive and the affective components must correspond to the behavioural component.

Question 72

What does the discussion of institutional and systemic discrimination demonstrate?

A) Discrimination is always a conscious choice.
B) Height requirements for police officers may be discriminatory against some ethnic groups.
C) Members of racialized groups are in fact not more likely to be subject to random street checks.
D) Institutional and systemic discrimination are by definition not intentional.

Question 73

Which statement best describes the outcome of research into prejudice and discrimination?

A) Prejudice is both a behaviour and an attitude.
B) Racism may or may not be a form of prejudice.
C) One cannot be said to said to be prejudice if the stereotypes one employs are positive rather than negative.
D) When we discuss the cognitive components of a prejudice,we are talking about what we think.

Question 74

According to the text,which statement best distinguishes between realistic conflict theorists and split labour market theorists on racism?

A) Realistic conflict theorists assume the middle class is the engine of racist thinking,while split labour market theorists assume that the capitalist class is.
B) Realistic conflict theorists assume that the capitalist class is the engine of racist thinking,while split labour market theorists assume that the working class is the engine of racist thinking.
C) Realistic conflict theorists assume that the working class is the engine of racist thinking,while split labour market theorists assume that the capitalist class is the engine of racist thinking.
D) Realistic conflict theorists assume the working class is the engine of racist thinking,while split labour market theorists assume that the middle class is.

Question 75

What process puts prejudice into practice?

A) discrimination
B) ethnocentrism
C) alienation
D) stereotyping

Question 76

Which statement best describes Canadian hate crime laws?

A) An act of homicide may be considered a hate crime if it is motivated by hatred toward a particular group.
B) Hate crimes are a category of crime that tends to be over-reported to the police.
C) The majority of hate crimes are based on sexual orientation.
D) Muslims are the racial/ethnic group toward which hate crimes are most commonly reported.

Question 77

A little boy uses a racist term when describing a neighbour,and rather than telling him how inappropriate that label is,his parents laugh.From this experience,the boy learns that his parents think he is funny when he uses racist language and he repeats the practice.What type of theorist would best explain this construction of racism?

A) primordial
B) social-psychology
C) power-conflict
D) interactionist

Question 78

Which of the following demonstrates how institutional racism normally manifests itself?

A) underrepresentation of visible minorities in management positions at a cable company
B) hate crimes against Asians
C) complaints to a Human Rights Commission
D) explicit hiring policies at an airline that prevent new immigrants from applying

Question 79

After the terrorist bombings in the United States in 2001,some airline passengers overheard a group of other passengers speaking Arabic and demanded that the foreigners be taken off the plane.The airline employees had the foreign-born passengers disembark.What term best describes this incident?

A) prejudice
B) racism
C) discrimination
D) bigotry

Question 80

According to the research discussed in the textbook,which term refers to a media framing method that emphasizes overidealization?

A) invisibility
B) adornment
C) white-washed
D) stereotyping