Deck 3: Culture

Question 1

Look carefully at the following term: gutergemeinschaft.What is the principal reason most Canadian-born English speakers do not understand what this term means?

A) Their command of English is poor.
B) Their education is deficient.
C) They did not read this textbook with sufficient care.
D) Their culture is restricted.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

According to the textbook,at what levels do symbols exist?

A) the concrete and artificial levels
B) the abstract and supernatural levels
C) the concrete and abstract levels
D) the supernatural and artificial levels

Answer 2

C

Question 3

When hockey legend Sidney Crosby performs a unique pre-game handshake before stepping on the ice,what type of practice is he taking part in?

A) supernatural
B) cultural
C) obsessive-compulsive
D) counterproductive

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following characterizes the "cultural" part of human experience?

A) looking
B) naming
C) seeing
D) identifying

Question 5

The concept of culture requires understanding the shared meaning of what?

A) experience
B) symbols
C) relationships
D) history

Question 6

By themselves,how are concrete sensations experienced?

A) as harmless
B) as harmful
C) as meaningful
D) as meaningless

Question 7

The fact that a Canadian-born English speaker can understand this sentence illustrates the power of what?

A) education
B) society
C) culture
D) family

Question 8

Human survival is based on the capacity to create general ideas that are not linked to specific or particular instances.What are these ideas called?

A) abstractions
B) culture
C) norms
D) methods

Question 9

According to the textbook,why is culture important?

A) Human life is possible without culture.
B) Culture can detract from human experience.
C) Human life is impossible without culture.
D) Culture can supplement human experience.

Question 10

What is the correct ordering for a sociological understanding of how culture operates?

A) look, see, name
B) name, look, see
C) name, see, look
D) look, name, see

Question 11

What does culture provide to raw human experience?

A) significance
B) ambiguity
C) dimensionality
D) orientation

Question 12

Where does the meaning of symbols reside?

A) in the symbol itself
B) in the symbol's referents
C) in some other symbol
D) in your mind

Question 13

What results from the abstraction process?

A) concepts
B) percepts
C) measures
D) hypotheses

Question 14

According to the textbook,how do most people respond to an event?

A) They respond to the event itself.
B) The respond to the cultural meaning of the event.
C) They respond to their idiosyncratic meaning of the event.
D) They respond by conformity to others.

Question 15

Who consumes mass culture?

A) all social classes
B) primarily the middle class
C) primarily the lower class
D) women more so than men

Question 16

What is the primary problem that culture addresses?

A) survival
B) meaning
C) adaptation
D) integration

Question 17

According to the textbook,what level of experience do touch,taste,sight,sound,and smell comprise?

A) the semantic level
B) the syntactic level
C) the concrete level
D) the abstract level

Question 18

Imagine a student develops her own "shorthand" for taking lecture notes.Which of the following statements is correctly identifies a feature of her shorthand?

A) The shorthand is composed of symbols but is not part of culture.
B) The shorthand does not qualify as symbols but is part of culture.
C) The shorthand is composed of symbols and is part of culture.
D) The shorthand does not qualify as symbols and is not part of culture.

Question 19

Who consumes high culture?

A) primarily the middle class
B) primarily the upper class
C) primarily the lower class
D) women more so than men

Question 20

Which of the following categories does Rap music fit into,according to the textbook's definitions?

A) High culture and popular culture.
B) Culture and popular culture.
C) High culture but not popular culture.
D) Ppopular culture but not culture.

Question 21

When a father tells his son,"You should brush your teeth before going to bed," what is the father expressing?

A) a fact
B) a value
C) a norm
D) a belief

Question 22

Which of the following is a good reason for Aboriginal peoples to preserve their traditional languages?

A) Hunting rights depend on traditional language competence.
B) Losing traditional language jeopardizes their land claims.
C) Traditional languages are more effective for communication.
D) Language is the foundation of culture.

Question 23

Rosanne Barr,an American actor,was publicly denoucnced for making a mockery of the American anthem when she purposely sang the anthem off key.What type of cultural rule is she guilty of breaking?

A) cultural reproduction
B) a more
C) a folkway
D) a taboo

Question 24

Which of the following is the basis of an evolutionary argument for the existence of some trait?

A) fitness maximization
B) selective management
C) integration potential
D) survival value

Question 25

.What do we call the less important rules of behaviour?

A) production
B) mores
C) folkways
D) cooperation

Question 26

What do we call the chemical units that carry traits from parents to children?

A) hydrocarbons
B) genocarbons
C) genes
D) pheromones

Question 27

What discipline makes the claim that genes account not just for physical characteristics but also for specific behaviours and social practices?

A) socio-archaeology
B) evolutionary psychology
C) anthropological sociometrics
D) social biology

Question 28

Shelley is carrying a large heavy box out of class,while the people ahead of her exit the classroom and allow the door to slam in her face.What cultural rule are they breaking?

A) a taboo
B) a more
C) a folkway
D) cooperation

Question 29

A child looks at a writing instrument that has an eraser on the end,a sharp tip,and is filled with graphite.She calls it a "pencil." What process has occurred?

A) operationalization
B) instrumentation
C) abstraction
D) integration

Question 30

Matthew overhears an argument where one person claims that social behaviour is determined by the same biological patterns as those that determine people's eye colour.What is this position known as?

A) socio-archaeology
B) evolutionary psychology
C) sociometrics
D) psychometrics

Question 31

When humans are able to conceptualize the idea of gravity without having an apple fall on their heads,what are they engaging in?

A) sociology
B) culture
C) abstraction
D) methods

Question 32

What is the term for serious rules that people believe are essential for the survival of their group?

A) production
B) mores
C) folkways
D) cooperation

Question 33

What do we call the conclusion that experience,thought,and language interact?

A) the Thomas theorem
B) The Miller paradox
C) Pinker's paradigm
D) the Sapir-Whorf thesis

Question 34

What do we call the capacity to create a complex social life by establishing norms?

A) abstraction
B) cooperation
C) production
D) distribution

Question 35

How much evidence is there for a link between specific genes and specific social arrangements and behaviours?

A) none
B) very little
C) quite a bit
D) a lot

Question 36

Tools and techniques to produce things form part of what?

A) our values
B) our material culture
C) our sanctions
D) our popular culture

Question 37

A common misconception is that because the human genome has been mapped as of June 26,2000,all human characteristics can be "read" from this information.Why is this belief a misconception?

A) Genes mutate from generation to generation.
B) Genetic function is precise and human behaviour is also precise.
C) Genetics needs greater study.
D) Genes mutate randomly and interact with social and physical environmental conditions.

Question 38

What is it called when people judge another culture by the standards of their own?

A) culture shock
B) culture lag
C) culture confrontation
D) ethnocentrism

Question 39

When Travis holds up two fingers in the "peace sign," what is he using?

A) an archetype
B) a symbol
C) a norm
D) methods

Question 40

According to evolutionary psychologists' arguments,what happens to behaviour that increases the survival of the species?

A) It must change.
B) It is unlikely to change.
C) It will change.
D) It eventually will change.

Question 41

Consider religious rituals that are conducted in public,which involve elaborate body decoration,carefully orchestrated chants,and precise movements.What are these rituals examples of?

A) globalization
B) postmodernism
C) rites of passage
D) multiculturalism

Question 42

Which of the following forces have contributed to the fragmentation of culture?

A) the Renaissance and the Protestant Reformation
B) the French and British Revolutions
C) the Protestant Revolution
D) the Christian Reformation

Question 43

Many have argued that educational curricula should present a more balanced picture of Canada's history,cultures,and society by reflecting Canada's ethnic and racial diversity.What does this perspective advocate?

A) cultural solidarity
B) ethnocentrism
C) cultural production
D) multiculturalism

Question 44

What do we call ceremonies that mark the transition from one stage of life to another?

A) cultural relativism
B) ethnocentrism
C) rites of passage
D) cultural production

Question 45

Which of the following sociological concepts does the movie Borat (2006)demonstrate?

A) cultural myopia
B) ethnocentrism
C) cultural rites of passage
D) entropy

Question 46

Which of the following is a public acknowledgment of a changing social status?

A) rites of passage
B) ethnocentrism
C) cultural reproduction
D) multiculturalism

Question 47

According to the textbook,social and political change has been going on since the Renaissance,the Protestant Reformation,the Scientific Revolution,and the French and American Revolutions.However,which of the following has led cultural fragmentation to pick up steam?

A) cultural reproduction
B) fundamentalism
C) industrialization
D) multiculturalism

Question 48

What do sociologists call the belief that all cultures and all cultural practices have equal value?

A) cultural relativism
B) ethnocentrism
C) cultural production
D) multiculturalism

Question 49

When First Nations groups in Canada began to assert their rights to cultural sovereignty and establish and claims,what process were they engaging in?

A) cultural solidarity
B) rights revolution
C) cultural production
D) multiculturalism

Question 50

Marvin Harris argues that ethnocentrism misleads many Western scholars and observers from completely understanding cow worship in rural India.When examining cow worship from the point of view of the functions it provides to Indian culture,what can cow worship be understood as?

A) a rational economic practice
B) a meaningful religious practice
C) a strange and non-useful practice
D) a sentimental emotional practice

Question 51

What do symbolic interactionists claim that people do?

A) People accept culture as it is given to them.
B) People shape culture only when they care about an issue.
C) People focus on all aspects of culture.
D) People shape the culture in which they live.

Question 52

The textbook notes that culture is not just a process that provides us with opportunities to exercise our freedom.What else is it?

A) It is liberating.
B) It is constraining.
C) It is beneficial.
D) It is harmful.

Question 53

Jennifer tells her friend Libby that she finds it disgusting that in some countries outside of Canada,the inhabitants eat bugs.What concept is reflected in Jennifer's feelings?

A) cultural diffusion
B) cultural confrontation
C) ethnocentrism
D) myopia

Question 54

Which of the following is a criticism of multiculturalism discussed in the textbook?

A) Multicultural education hurts minority students by overlooking core subjects.
B) Multiculturalism discourages the equal valuation of different cultures.
C) Multicultural education creates interethnic and interracial jealousies.
D) Multiculturalism discourages pluralism.

Question 55

Which cultural process is illustrated by Marshall McLuhan's idea of a "global village"?

A) cultural fragmentation
B) globalization
C) industrialization
D) multiculturalism

Question 56

Liam and Michael are about to get married.What are they engaging in with their marriage?

A) a rite of passage
B) an institutional practice
C) a globalizing trend
D) a postmodern abstraction

Question 57

What is the opposite of ethnocentrism?

A) cultural relativism
B) intolerance
C) cultural production
D) multiculturalism

Question 58

Until the 1960s,many sociologists argued that culture was a simple "reflection" of society.However,what do many sociologists contend today about people's agency?

A) People accept culture as it is given to them.
B) People shape culture but typically only when they care about an issue.
C) People do not just accept culture passively.
D) Culture is nothing more than people's values.

Question 59

Cow worship in India seems irrational to most Canadians.What is this typical Canadian perspective an example of?

A) ethnocentrism
B) cultural dissonance
C) cultural shock
D) cultural entropy

Question 60

How has the United Nations defined female genital mutilation (FGM)?

A) as cultural diversification
B) as ethnocentrism
C) as cultural production
D) as violence against women

Question 61

Why is English the dominant language around the world?

A) because English is the superior language in which to conduct business
B) because of impact of biculturalism over the last 100 years
C) because of the economic, political, and cultural influence of Great Britain and the United States over the past 200 years
D) because of the great influence of countries that speak other languages over the past 200 years

Question 62

The growth of different religious beliefs and practices is a characteristic of which form of culture?

A) premodern
B) industrial
C) modernism
D) postmodern

Question 63

Critics of postmodernism are concerned that the lack of a common culture will create problems in maintaining a stable society.Which of the following is one of these problems?

A) how to teach common societal values
B) how to organize anti-global efforts
C) how to create meaningful knowledge
D) how to transmit different belief systems

Question 64

Serena states that she believes in a god but has never attended any religious services.Instead,she practises tarot and astrology and also believes in reincarnation.What do her spiritual practices and beliefs reflect?

A) postmodernism
B) tribalism
C) institutionalization
D) premodernism

Question 65

More and more people are taking part in global resistance movements,engaging in protests against global capitalism and corporate greed.What is this global engagement indicative of?

A) tribalism
B) urbanism
C) postmodernism
D) primitivism

Question 66

During a school trip to Russia with other British Columbia high school students,Michelle is surprised to hear Justin Beiber's latest song being played at top volume when they enter the McDonald's in St.Petersburg.She is further surprised when a group of local teens in the restaurant begins to sing along to the song.What is Michelle witnessing?

A) the shrinking of cultural repertoires
B) the expansion of cultural comfort zones
C) media convergence
D) globalization

Question 67

In which of the following countries did the questioning of authority after the 1960s spread more quickly and more thoroughly?

A) the United States
B) Italy
C) Great Britain
D) Canada

Question 68

As a father,Adrian's cultural hero is the character Peter on the cartoon Family Guy.What does this indicate the onset of?

A) an eclectic mixing of elements from different times and places
B) the erosion of authority
C) the decline of consensus around core values
D) the increase of dysfunctional family life

Question 69

Kristin and Melissa are outspoken critics of the Canadian government and of Canadian foreign policy.What type of thinking do their critiques reflect?

A) tribalism
B) postmodernism
C) urbanism
D) primitivism

Question 70

The culture of our times has been through so much fragmentation and reconfiguration.What is this situation characteristic of?

A) primitivism
B) tribalism
C) institutionalization
D) postmodernism

Question 71

Which of the following languages do more than one billion people worldwide speak today?

A) English
B) Arabic
C) French
D) German

Question 72

Which of the following is an aspect of modernity?

A) belief in the inevitability of progress
B) respect for the erosion of authority
C) consensus around the inevitability of cultural stagnation
D) decline of consensus around core values

Question 73

Which of the following languages is now being used "more frequently" on the Internet,compared to world usage in 2001?

A) Japanese
B) Chinese
C) English
D) German

Question 74

What is causing the loss of several thousand languages around the world?

A) consumerism
B) rationalization
C) globalization
D) multilingualism

Question 75

According to the textbook,which of the following processes destroys political,economic,and cultural isolation?

A) cultural fragmentation
B) multiculturalism
C) industrialization
D) globalization

Question 76

Up to the beginning of this millennium,which of the following languages has been most distributed by the forces of globalization?

A) French
B) Italian
C) Japanese
D) English

Question 77

Freja voted for the Green Party in the last election because she favoured the party leader over other leaders.In the most recent election however,she decided to vote for the NDP because she agreed with their platform on education more than the others.What element of postmodernism do her changing political convictions reflect?

A) an eclectic mixing of elements from different times and places
B) the erosion of authority
C) the decline of consensus around core values
D) the fragmentation of simulated abstractions

Question 78

What form of culture involves an eclectic mixing of elements from different times and places,the erosion of authority,and the decline of consensus around core values?

A) premodern culture
B) postmodern culture
C) modern culture
D) meta culture

Question 79

What do we call the era during which the overwhelming majority of people of Western culture believed in the inevitability of progress,respected authority,and formed a consensus around core values?

A) premodernism
B) sociological analysis
C) modernity
D) postmodernity

Question 80

According to your textbook,what was perhaps the biggest of all historical projects in the twentieth century?

A) the inevitability of progress
B) communism
C) religious commitment
D) consumerism