Deck 7: Deviance and Crime

Question 1

What do we call semi-serious acts of deviance that are subject to institutional control?

A) social deviations
B) social diversions
C) conflict crimes
D) consensus crimes

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Glynnis watches Scott dump a day's worth of tree seedlings straight into a ravine instead of planting them.The company that employs Glynnis and Scott has a strict policy about this action,which is viewed as theft,so Glynnis tells the supervisor what she witnessed.Scott is immediately fired and sent home.Which of the following did Scott receive?

A) an informal sanction
B) a norm enhancement
C) a formal punishment
D) a sanction retribution

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Heather has several visible body piercings and tattoos and frequently dyes her hair blue.What kind of deviance are her actions characterized as?

A) conflict crime
B) social diversion
C) consensus crime
D) social deviation

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Heroes,such as Mahatma Gandhi,Martin Luther King Jr.,and Nelson Mandela,have been imprisoned for committing crimes at some point in their lives.Why are these criminals considered to be heroes today?

A) because they engaged in seriously good works while in prison
B) because cultural definitions of what is and is not criminal have changed
C) because their so-called criminal acts were inconsequential
D) because other cultures do not consider their crimes to be crimes at all

Question 5

Which of the following is the criterion that determines how a community should react when someone commits a deviant or criminal action?

A) perceived harmfulness
B) degree of public agreement
C) severity of social response
D) actual harmfulness

Question 6

Which of the following are people who break a cultural norm considered to be?

A) deviants
B) criminals
C) norm followers
D) inherently immoral

Question 7

Which of the following illustrates committing a crime?

A) Bob burns the Canadian flag on his lawn.
B) Bob parks his car too long at a parking meter downtown.
C) Bob lets the door slam in the face of the person behind him.
D) Bob has a prescription for and uses marijuana for medical purposes.

Question 8

Aashif is often ridiculed at school for his religious beliefs and practices and occasionally he gets physically pushed down or slammed into lockers.What is happening to Aashif at school?

A) informal punishment
B) formal punishment
C) stigmatization
D) retribution

Question 9

Negatively assessing a person and labelling the person as undesirable based on his or her ethnic background,gender,or disability is characteristic of which of the following?

A) punishment
B) sanctioning
C) public agreement
D) stigmatizing

Question 10

Terry has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder,at times acting paranoid in public,at times acting out angrily by shouting at people on the street for imagined trespasses. What kind of deviance is Terry exhibiting?

A) conflict crime
B) social diversion
C) consensus crime
D) social deviation

Question 11

What do we call minor acts of deviance?

A) social deviations
B) social diversions
C) conflict crimes
D) consensus crimes

Question 12

According to the textbook's discussion of the film Paradise Now,research on international suicide bombers found that none of them exhibited which of the following?

A) psychological problems
B) religious affiliations
C) middle-class status
D) higher educations

Question 13

Which of the following is the criterion that determines whether or not an act should be considered deviant or criminal by a community?

A) perceived harmfulness
B) degree of public agreement
C) severity of social response
D) actual harmfulness

Question 14

What is the definition of a crime?

A) rule breaking behaviour
B) breaking rules to gain respect from others
C) breaking rules that get a negative response from others
D) breaking rules that are formally enacted as laws

Question 15

Glynnis watches Scott dump a day's worth of tree seedlings straight into a ravine instead of planting them.The company that employs Glynnis and Scott has a strict policy about this action,which is viewed as theft.Glynnis calls Scott a "jerk," tells her friends what he has done,and ignores him for the rest of the season.What is Glynnis engaging in?

A) informal sanctions
B) norm enhancement
C) criminalization
D) sanction brokering

Question 16

What is the term for behaviours such as frowning at someone,calling a person a bad name,or looking away from a person when the person commits a bad action?

A) deviance
B) stigmatization
C) informal punishment
D) criminalization

Question 17

Why does the textbook assert that "everyone" is deviant?

A) because most people break rules and admit that they are deviant
B) because most people are not as good or law abiding as they would have us believe
C) because what is considered deviant varies across cultures
D) because definitions of deviance are not well understood by people.

Question 18

The textbook discusses the film Paradise Now where a character sends his mother a message in the middle of his "martyrdom tape" What does Kahled's message about sale-priced water filters signify?

A) the nervousness he feels about his upcoming actions
B) the bond to his mother
C) the lack of regard for the seriousness of his upcoming actions
D) the humanity he shares with all people

Question 19

Consider the case of NHL hockey player Todd Bertuzzi,who is discussed in the textbook.What type of deviance did he demonstrate?

A) conflict crime
B) social diversion
C) consensus crime
D) social deviation

Question 20

Which of the following is the criterion that determines how terrible a community believes an action to be?

A) perceived harmfulness
B) degree of public agreement
C) severity of social response
D) actual harmfulness

Question 21

Which of the following statements best reflects the impact of Canada's aging population on crime rates?

A) Crime rates are down because young people today are controlled more than young people were in the past.
B) Crime is a young person's pursuit generally and there are fewer young people.
C) The definitions of crime have changed so that acts that are committed by youth today and thought of as criminal are not thought of as crimes by older people.
D) Older people get away with more crimes than younger people do because they are suspected less often of committing crimes.

Question 22

When Katherine went out on a date with Barry for the first time,he tried to force her into having sex with him.Which type of deviance are his actions characterized as?

A) social diversion
B) social deviation
C) conflict crime
D) consensus crime

Question 23

Official crime statistics are not regarded as 100 percent accurate because not all crimes get reported.According to the textbook,what is the other reason crime statistics may be inaccurate?

A) because enforcement of crimes is subject to political pressure and legal changes
B) because many people do not report crimes to police in a systematic manner, giving all information
C) because much of the information collected by police is later found to be fabricated or otherwise untrue
D) because some crimes are not crimes at all but rather are merely acts of deviance

Question 24

Which of the following is believed to compensate for the shortcomings of official crime statistics?

A) the Juristat Reporting Survey
B) the Uniform Crime Reporting Survey
C) a Health Canada research survey
D) a self-report survey

Question 25

A group of students gathers around a lone female student who has been pushed down and is receiving a brutal beating from five students.While the beating occurs, other students watch and record the incident on their phones.Which type of deviance are the five people's actions characterized as?

A) social diversion
B) social deviation
C) consensus crime
D) conflict crime

Question 26

Approximately what proportion of Canadians have committed some type of crime?

A) Only about one-tenth of Canadians have ever committed some type of crime.
B) About one-third of Canadians have committed some type of crime.
C) About one-half of Canadians have committed some type of crime.
D) The majority of Canadians have committed some type of crime.

Question 27

Which of the following terms refers to acts of deviance that are formally defined as illegal but are subject of a great deal of societal disagreement about their illegality?

A) social deviations
B) social diversions
C) conflict crimes
D) consensus crimes

Question 28

Which of the following age groups is most prone to committing crimes?

A) 12- to 17-year-olds
B) 15- to 24-year-olds
C) 25- to 34-year-olds
D) 45- to 60-year-olds

Question 29

Liam works as a sex trade worker,soliciting customers at a specific corner downtown. Which type of deviance are his actions characterized as?

A) social diversion
B) social deviation
C) consensus crime
D) conflict crime

Question 30

In any given year,approximately what percentage of Canadians believe they have been victimized through a crime?

A) 5 percent
B) 25 percent
C) 45 percent
D) 50 percent

Question 31

Which of the following does the textbook note is a controversial factor in changing crime rates?

A) the legalization of abortion
B) the legalization of marijuana
C) the criminalization of insider trading
D) the criminalization of Wall Street and other bankers

Question 32

Where do Canadians get most of their information on reported crimes?

A) the Juristat Reporting Survey
B) the Uniform Crime Reporting Survey
C) the General Social Survey
D) the Self-Report Survey

Question 33

In comparison to official crime statistics,how much "serious crime" is reported using self-report measures?

A) at last twice as much
B) at least ten times as much
C) approximately half as much
D) approximately the same amount

Question 34

Which of the following is an accurate reflection of reported crime rates in Canada between 1998 and 2009?

A) It fell sharply in the late 1990s and then levelled off in the 2000s.
B) It rose sharply in the 1990s and then levelled off in the 2000s.
C) It has continued to fall gradually since the late 1990s.
D) It has continued to rise gradually since the late 1990s.

Question 35

What kind of deviance are illegal gambling,prostitution,and drug use examples of?

A) self-report crimes
B) dyadic crimes
C) victimless crimes
D) offenderless crimes

Question 36

What do we call acts of deviance that are widely believed to be harmful to everyone?

A) social deviations
B) social diversions
C) conflict crimes
D) consensus crimes

Question 37

In comparison to official crime statistics,how much "less serious crime" is reported using self-report measures?

A) at last twice as much
B) at least ten times as much
C) approximately half as much
D) approximately the same amount

Question 38

Martin is a crime researcher who is interested in creating an accurate picture of sexual assault in Canada,and he is concerned about the inaccuracy of official crime statistics.Which of the following is the best resource for him to use to get a more accurate picture of sexual assault in Canada?

A) the Juristat Reporting Survey
B) the Uniform Crime Reporting Survey
C) a Health Canada research survey
D) a self-report survey

Question 39

Brittany is victimized by a crime and reports the crime to the local police right away.Which of the following crimes is she most likely to have been victimized by?

A) Someone sexually assaulted her.
B) Someone yelled racist slurs at her.
C) Someone stole her car.
D) Someone stole property from her car.

Question 40

Lisa is caught smoking marijuana downtown at the bus shelter while she waits for the bus.Which type of deviance are her actions characterized as?

A) conflict crime
B) social diversion
C) consensus crime
D) social deviation

Question 41

Which sociologist theorized that becoming a deviant is often accomplished through a process of social learning?

A) Travis Hirschi
B) Steven Spitzer
C) Robert Merton
D) Howard Becker

Question 42

In 2003,former British Columbia Premier Gordon Campbell pled guilty to the misdemeanour of drinking and driving in Hawaii and was fined $913.Despite pleading guilty to the offence,Campbell did not have to step down as premier,although Canadian laws state that a person convicted of a criminal offence may not hold political office. What does this story demonstrate?

A) It demonstrates that people who commit crimes are labelled as criminals.
B) It demonstrates that people who commit serious crimes, like murder, are labelled as criminals but people who commit less serious crimes are not.
C) It demonstrates that Campbell is not a criminal.
D) It demonstrates that social status plays a significant role in whether the label of criminal is applied.

Question 43

Which of the following terms refers to crimes such as copyright infringement and embezzlement?

A) street crimes
B) victimless crimes
C) white-collar crimes
D) office crimes

Question 44

Martha Stewart was convicted in 2004 of conspiracy and obstruction of justice.Her crime was dumping 3900 shares of ImClone stock based on a tip that stock prices were about to plummet.What type of crime was Martha Stewart found guilty of?

A) a street crime
B) a victimless crime
C) a white-collar crime
D) an office crime

Question 45

Consider the case of Simon,who is in the process of becoming a regular marijuana user.According to the social learning theory,which of the following is most likely to happen if Simon fails to pass a stage of the learning process?

A) He will not become a regular user.
B) He will become a regular user.
C) He will become a user of a different, more serious, substance.
D) He will become opposed to anyone using marijuana.

Question 46

Lord Conrad Black,a Canadian media mogul,was sentenced in 2007 to 6.5 years in a Florida prison for fraud totalling $2.9 million in misappropriated funds.What type of crime was Lord Black found guilty of?

A) a victimless crime
B) a white-collar crime
C) an elite crime
D) a political crime

Question 47

Which of the following theorists developed the strain theory of deviance?

A) Robert Merton
B) Travis Hirschi
C) Howard Becker
D) Steven Spitzer

Question 48

Jamie,looking for money for his next heroin fix,breaks into a car and steals a rich woman's purse.What type of crime is Jamie guilty of committing?

A) a victimless crime
B) a white-collar crime
C) an elite crime
D) a street crime

Question 49

"Zorro," a local dealer,cooks meth and deals it and other drugs from the basement of his mother's home.What type of crime is he guilty of committing?

A) a victimless crime
B) a street crime
C) an act of terrorism
D) a crime of passion

Question 50

What does the research on racialization demonstrate with regard to police searches of vehicles?

A) Police are particularly suspicious of black people who are successful by conventional cultural standards.
B) Police are especially suspicious of poor South Asian youth who drive expensive trucks.
C) Police are particularly suspicious of well-to-do white people who drive expensive vehicles.
D) Police are particularly suspicious of poor, uneducated white people.

Question 51

According to the social learning theory of deviance,how do people learn to define unpleasurable deviant acts as pleasurable?

A) by continuing to try the deviant act over and over
B) by trying the deviant act in new settings
C) by being taught how to redefine their experiences
D) by reacting against other's definitions of their actions as deviant

Question 52

Based on incarceration data,who is most likely to be sentenced to custody in a prison in Canada?

A) Seth, a 47-year-old Aboriginal male
B) Robert, a 26-year-old white male
C) Ravina, a 25-year-old Punjabi female
D) Delores, a 19-year-old white female

Question 53

Which of the following do most people ignore when trying to explain the high levels of incarceration among certain ethnic groups?

A) inherent racial differences
B) cultural differences in how people view crime
C) social forces such as cultural genocide
D) differences in IQ among certain groups

Question 54

Janis needs money to buy groceries for her children and shoplifts some bread and cheese from the local grocery store.What type of crime is Janis guilty of committing?

A) a victimless crime
B) a white-collar crime
C) a street crime
D) a crime of passion

Question 55

Consider the story of the brutal murder of Pamela George by Alex Ternowetsky and Steven Kummerfield.What does this case demonstrate?

A) It demonstrates that most people who commit a crime are labelled appropriately, according to the crime committed.
B) It demonstrates that that people who commit serious crimes, like murder, are labelled according to their actions, regardless of their social status.
C) It demonstrates that that social status plays a significant role in whether one is labelled a deviant or not.
D) It demonstrates that that the justice system is almost never skewed in favour of the victim of a serious crime.

Question 56

In the past,people who committed various crimes were paraded through the village and detained in full view of the public,where villagers could hurl insults and worse at them.From a functionalist perspective,what purpose did the public nature of this practice serve?

A) maintaining moral boundaries
B) providing an outlet for pent-up societal aggression
C) alerting the public about who the criminals were
D) saving money, as no money was required to build prisons

Question 57

Which of the following terms refers to crimes such as robbery and assault?

A) street crimes
B) victimless crimes
C) white-collar crimes
D) office crimes

Question 58

Which of the following groups is the most overrepresented in Canadian prisons?

A) South Asian women
B) Aboriginal women
C) white women
D) white men

Question 59

Which of the following people is most likely to be stopped and searched by police while driving in a Canadian city?

A) Ted, a 35-year-old white executive
B) Blanche, a 45-year-old Asian housewife
C) Carl, a 25-year-old black Ph.D. student
D) Dmitri, an 18-year-old Russian immigrant store clerk

Question 60

Which classical theorist believed that deviance was functional for society?

A) Karl Marx
B) Max Weber
C) Emile Durkheim
D) Harriet Martineau

Question 61

According to the textbook,when did social scientists and others begin to recognize crimes against women like sexual assault?

A) the 1960s
B) the 1970s
C) the 1980s
D) the 1990s

Question 62

Willie is from a poor home and dreams of becoming a doctor.He wins a full scholarship and is able to afford university,and he graduates at the top of his class.In strain theory terms,what is Willie?

A) a ritualist
B) a conformist
C) a retreatist
D) an innovator

Question 63

In preindustrial societies,what is the most likely punishment a person would receive for murder?

A) life imprisonment
B) capital punishment
C) humiliation
D) exile

Question 64

What type of society do many sociologists believe Canadians now live in?

A) a laissez-faire society
B) a collectivist society
C) an atomized society
D) a surveillance society

Question 65

Christina is from a poor home and dreams of becoming a doctor.She has excellent grades and wins a scholarship for her university costs.However,in her undergraduate class,she becomes disillusioned with the medical model and eventually decides that doctors are pawns in the overall system to keep people unaware of all of the abuses that "the system" is guilty of.She leaves university and founds a group of people dedicated to exposing "the system's" lies at all costs.In strain theory terms,what is Christina?

A) a ritualist
B) an innovator
C) a retreatist
D) a rebel

Question 66

Raj is from a poor home and dreams of becoming a doctor.He does not have good enough grades to gain entrance to university however,and instead gives up his dream and works a series of menial jobs for the rest of his life.In strain theory terms,what is Raj?

A) a ritualist
B) a conformist
C) a retreatist
D) a rebel

Question 67

In monetary terms,which of the following types of crime likely costs society the most?

A) drug trafficking and other drug-related offences
B) violent crime
C) street crime
D) white-collar crime

Question 68

Which of the following views of punishment is characterized by the idea that if criminals are imprisoned they will not be free to do more societal harms?

A) deterrence
B) incapacitation
C) revenge
D) rehabilitation

Question 69

Which of the following views of punishment is characterized by the idea that if criminals are imprisoned they will learn how to become better and more productive members of society?

A) deterrence
B) incapacitation
C) revenge
D) rehabilitation

Question 70

Rebecca is from a poor home and dreams of becoming a doctor.She has excellent grades but has nowhere near the money required for eight years or more of university.She works part-time at a restaurant but decides to supplement her income by selling drugs to her co-workers as well.In strain theory terms,what is Rebecca?

A) a ritualist
B) an innovator
C) a retreatist
D) a rebel

Question 71

Which of the following views of punishment is characterized by the idea that if criminals understand that they will lose their freedom if imprisoned,their involvement in criminal acts will cease?

A) deterrence
B) incapacitation
C) revenge
D) rehabilitation

Question 72

According to conflict theories,which of the following types of people are most likely to be criminalized?

A) those who engage in anti-globalization protests
B) those who engage in insider trading
C) those who engage in cutting corners regarding worker safety
D) those who engage in bribing politicians

Question 73

According to research,where is the relationship between age,class and crime the strongest?

A) among youth who commit less serious crimes
B) among adults who commit less serious crimes
C) among lower-class adults who commit street crimes
D) among middle-class adults who commit violent crimes

Question 74

Which of the following characterizes complex,industrial societies?

A) strict social control and high conformity
B) less strict social control and low conformity
C) widely shared social norms
D) few choices about which groups or organizations to belong to

Question 75

Jackie is concerned about the level of graffiti and vandalism at her school.She wants to target a crime-prevention program at those most likely to commit these crimes.According to control theory,whom should she target for her campaign?

A) the female students
B) the religious students
C) the poor students
D) the straight-A students

Question 76

Natasha is from a poor home and dreams of becoming a doctor.She has excellent grades but does not have the money required for eight years or more of university.She numbs the pain of having to give up her lifelong dream by abusing alcohol and eventually becomes hooked on crystal meth,losing all ability to hold any kind of job.In strain theory terms,what is Natasha?

A) a ritualist
B) an innovator
C) a retreatist
D) a rebel

Question 77

According to the textbook,what has increased gender equality resulted in?

A) higher rates of women as victims of crime
B) higher rates of men as victims of crime
C) higher rates of female offenders
D) higher rates of male offenders

Question 78

What is Roger Caron's book Go-Boy! about?

A) his early life experiences in a juvenile detention centre
B) his time in prison as a young man, leading to his reform
C) his experiences with the brutality and violence in prison
D) his life after prison as a minister to other prisoners

Question 79

Michael has been imprisoned since the age of 14.Based on what is known about prisons as agents of socialization,which of the following is the most likely outcome for Michael?

A) life as a career criminal
B) partial reform
C) full reform
D) early death

Question 80

According to the textbook,what kind of group are criminals who create their own distinct norms,values,and codes of behaviour?

A) innovators
B) subcultures
C) group conformists
D) deviant factions