Deck 11: Strategies for Analyzing Quantitative Data

Question 1

In a normal distribution, what percentage of scores falls between one standard deviation below the mean and one standard deviation above the mean?

A)16%
B)50%
C)68%
D)90%

Answer 1

C

Question 2

When the ____ is the measure of central tendency, the _____ is the most appropriate and informative measure of dispersion.

A)median; standard deviation
B)median; interquartile range
C)mean; interquartile range
D)mean; range

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Danzell is a purchasing agent for a major grocery store chain.He has noticed over the years that the higher the outdoor temperature, the more likely people are to buy fresh fruit.Based on Danzell's observations, we would say there is ______ relationship between outdoor temperature and buying of fresh fruit.

A)a positive
B)a negative
C)a causal
D)no

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Three of the following factors are associated with a relatively small standard error of the mean.Which one is NOT?

A)Sample size is relatively large.
B)Sample standard deviation is relatively small.
C)The variance in the sample is relatively large.
D)The sample is highly representative of the population.

Question 5

When reporting growth data, the ______ is the most useful measure of central tendency.

A)arithmetic mean
B)mode
C)median
D)geometric mean

Question 6

Dorothy has been surveying the Munchkins to determine their level of life satisfaction.The possible scores on the life satisfaction questionnaire range from 0 to 100.If Dorothy decides to statistically compare the male and female Munchkins on their level of satisfaction, she should use a _______ test.

A)parametric
B)nonparametric

Question 7

Frank Fitness found a correlation coefficient of -.74 between hours of strenuous exercise each week and a standard measure of body mass.He interprets this to mean that there is a ______ and ______ relationship between hours of strenuous exercise and body mass.

A)strong; positive
B)strong; negative
C)weak; positive
D)weak; negative

Question 8

How are inferential statistics different from descriptive statistics?

A)Descriptive statistics allow one to draw inferences from the sample to a target population.
B)Descriptive statistics verify the accuracy of the inferential statistics.
C)Inferential statistics describe the results of a study.
D)Inferential statistics allow one to draw inferences from the sample to a target population.

Question 9

Statistical hypothesis testing involves testing the:

A)research hypothesis.
B)probability level.
C)significance level.
D)null hypothesis.

Question 10

Seamus has determined that there is a 95% chance that the number of people visiting the Blarney Stone in the month of June will be between 1,760 and 2,025.This is a/an ______ estimate.

A)point
B)interval

Question 11

When summarizing ordinal data, the ______ is the most useful measure of central tendency.

A)arithmetic mean
B)mode
C)median
D)geometric mean

Question 12

Here is a set of scores: 5, 3, 7, 3, 6, 2, 5, 3.The mean of this set of scores is ______.

A)3
B)4
C)4.25
D)4.5

Question 13

____ are characteristics of samples, whereas _______ are characteristics of populations.

A)Concepts; statistics
B)Parameters; statistics
C)Statistics; parameters
D)Parameters; estimations

Question 14

The percentile rank allows the researcher to determine:

A)how far a target individual's score is from the group mean.
B)what percentage of individuals in the sample scored above the target individual.
C)the mean for the population based on the mean for the sample.
D)what percentage of individuals in the sample scored below the target individual.

Question 15

The z-score, or standard score, allows the research to determine:

A)how far a target individual's score is from the group mean.
B)what percentage of individuals in the sample scored above the target individual.
C)the mean for the population based on the mean for the sample.
D)what percentage of individuals in the sample scored below the target individual.

Question 16

The measure(s)of central tendency that is/are appropriate for use with nominal data is/are:

A)the median only.
B)the mode only.
C)the median and the mean.
D)the median and the mode.

Question 17

Here is a set of scores: 5, 3, 7, 3, 6, 2, 5, 3.The mode of this set of scores is ______.

A)3
B)4
C)4.22
D)4.5

Question 18

Here is a set of scores: 5, 3, 7, 3, 6, 2, 5, 3.The median of this set of scores is ______.

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)4.5

Question 19

On the basis of statistical findings, Ron determines that the differences between males and females on a test of spatial reasoning are not due merely to chance.If, in fact, there are no gender differences in the population, Ron will have made a:

A)Type I error.
B)Type II error.

Question 20

An exam was given to two sections of the same course.In Section 1, the exam mean was 51 and the standard deviation was 7.In Section 2, the exam mean was 51 and the standard deviation was 13.Which of the following conclusions is accurate?

A)Section 1 did better on the exam than Section 2.
B)Section 1 scores were more variable than Section 2.
C)Section 1 scores were less variable than Section 2.
D)Section 1 did less well on the exam than Section 2.

Question 21

Note several steps researchers can take to optimize the power of their statistical tests.

Question 22

A medical researcher is concerned about mistakenly concluding that a new medication is effective when it really is not.What type of error is the researcher concerned about making (Type I or Type II)? Describe what the researcher might do to decrease the likelihood of making that type of error.Discuss ramifications of your suggested approach for other types of error in the study.

Question 23

After completing planned analyses, the researcher must interpret the results of statistical tests.Note several steps that are involved in such interpretation.

Question 24

On the basis of statistical findings, Becky determines that the difference between males and females on a test of abstract mathematical reasoning is merely due to chance.If, in fact, there are gender differences in the population, Becky will have made a:

A)Type I error.
B)Type II error.