Deck 10: Race and Ethnicity

Question 1

Which of the following abilities has been demonstrated to be biologically based?

A) intelligence
B) athletic ability
C) singing and dancing abilities
D) childbearing

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Jillian walks into the cafeteria as her friend Peter is telling a racist joke.What does Peter's behaviour illustrate?

A) prejudice
B) discrimination
C) scapegoating
D) authoritarianism

Answer 2

B

Question 3

What do we call an attitude about a group of people based on some preconceived ideas about the group's real or imagined characteristics?

A) racism
B) prejudice
C) discrimination
D) scapegoating

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Based on the example of Professor Peter Sandiford,which of the following characterizes the position of many people whose beliefs are challenged by contrary evidence?

A) They use science to replicate the research to see where they made their mistake.
B) They ignore or explain away conclusions that challenge their beliefs.
C) They seek out competing explanations to try to arrive at an explanation "in the middle."
D) They change their beliefs to incorporate the new knowledge.

Question 5

Based on the textbook's discussion of race,why might some experts refer to it as "our most dangerous myth?"

A) because people believe that meaningful racial differences exist
B) because people do not believe in important racial differences
C) because it is the factor most significant in determining one's position in the stratification system
D) because it has no bearing on one's position in the stratification system

Question 6

Why is the level of participation of people with African origins relatively high in sports and entertainment?

A) because they possess a natural talent or "gift"
B) because they work harder at them out of a higher level of interest
C) because they often lack alternative options for mobility
D) because they lack role models and friends in other occupations

Question 7

Robert hates competing in the math competition at school when there are a lot of Asian competitors because he believes they are innately much better at math.What does Robert's attitude illustrate?

A) prejudice
B) discrimination
C) scapegoating
D) authoritarianism

Question 8

What conclusion does the textbook reach regarding "race"?

A) That "race" does not matter.
B) That "race" is meaningless because racial differences in thought and behaviour do not exist.
C) That "race" is significant because people believe that it is and act toward others on the basis of their beliefs.
D) That "race" is the most important factor responsible for people's position in the stratification system.

Question 9

Which of the following can be concluded about genetic differences between races?

A) Based upon recent genetic research, results demonstrate that there are more significant racial differences than have been thought to exist for the past 50 years.
B) Based upon recent genetic research, about 5 percent of the biological differences between humans have been found to be due to race.
C) Based upon recent genetic research, about 5 percent of the cultural differences between humans have been found to be due to race.
D) Based upon recent genetic research, results demonstrate that genetic mixing is so widespread that attempts to sort populations into distinct races fails.

Question 10

According to the textbook,what was the intention of the movie Crash?

A) to demonstrate modern-day political correctness in all its varied forms
B) to expose racism as it really is, without the overlay of political correctness
C) to expose the irony that people who are easily believed to be racist often are not
D) to expose the irony that people who are not thought of as racist are often the worst racists

Question 11

Approximately what percentage of Canadians reported having more than one ethnic identity on the 2006 census?

A) 10 percent
B) 20 percent
C) 30 percent
D) 40 percent

Question 12

Which social processes was Dr.Samuel George Morton's research on brain size and race used to justify?

A) globalization and modernization
B) stratification and global expansion
C) colonization and slavery
D) the scientific method and objectivity

Question 13

Janet,a white woman,is walking down the street by her house and notices a large dark-skinned man walking toward her on the sidewalk.Frightened,she swiftly crosses the road away from him.
What does Janet's behaviour illustrate?

A) prejudice
B) discrimination
C) scapegoating
D) authoritarianism

Question 14

What does the fact that Italians,Jews,and Irish people were considered "blacks" by many people a hundred years ago suggest?

A) Swarthy Mediterranean types have often been confused with others regardless of ethnic origins.
B) Distinctions based on race are often made on the basis of facial features as well as skin colour.
C) Skin colour, not ethnic background, is the most important determinant of racial distinctions.
D) Distinctions based on race are arbitrary, socially constructed, and transitory.

Question 15

Which of the following is factual regarding brain size and race?

A) The racial background of people can be determined by skull size.
B) The racial background of people can be determined by skull shape.
C) The sex of a person people can often be determined by skull size.
D) The sex of a person people can often be determined by skull shape.

Question 16

Which of the following is a critique that is missing from the research on IQ tests and race?

A) That IQ scores increased as people were able to access more and better education.
B) That IQ scores increased as poor people could access enriched educational facilities.
C) That biologically based IQ scoring potential has as much truth as the idea that people of different classes have different colours of blood.
D) That IQ tests are culturally biased and based on knowledge more common to specific groups in society.

Question 17

What do we call practices or actions toward people based on their real or imagined group membership?

A) racism
B) prejudice
C) discrimination
D) scapegoating

Question 18

Jason's mother is from Singapore and his father is Irish Canadian.When Jason reports having multiple ethnic identities on his census questionnaire,he responds the same as approximately what percentage of other Canadians?

A) 20 percent
B) 30 percent
C) 40 percent
D) 50 percent

Question 19

The Simpsons rent their basement suite out to a young Aboriginal couple and,although the couple seems nice and have good references,the Simpsons worry that they will come home one day to find the tenants have moved out and left the rent unpaid.What are the Simpsons demonstrating?

A) scapegoating
B) discrimination
C) prejudice
D) authoritarianism

Question 20

Why did Dr.Samuel George Morton's research on brain size and race have such long-lasting and far-reaching effects?

A) because it reinforced and perpetuated dominant ideas about inferiority and superiority
B) because he was one of a handful of educated people conducting scientific research
C) because his findings replicated, and finally demonstrated conclusively, the results of earlier studies
D) because his findings were innovative and novel at the time and people were interested in unique perspectives

Question 21

Nation X has an ideology that supports an official policy of "live and let live," whereby immigrants are encouraged to maintain their cultural heritage and to integrate it with elements of Nation X.What is this type of ideology called?

A) diversity salad
B) multiculturalism
C) cultural merge
D) melting pot

Question 22

According to the textbook,the process where physical differences create a rationale for unequal treatment,which results in people acting differently from one another,leads into which of the following?

A) stereotyping
B) scapegoating
C) stratification
D) ethnic pluralism

Question 23

What do we call members of subordinate groups who are blamed for societal problems?

A) racists
B) minority groups
C) stereotypes
D) scapegoats

Question 24

Organized racist groups like the Heritage Front in Canada target areas hit hardest by economic downturns for recruitment,explaining to people that reason they are experiencing problems is due to Jewish greed and a Zionist plot to take over the world.What are Jews in this example?

A) scapegoats
B) powerless victims
C) majority group members
D) racialized exemplars

Question 25

What do we call the distinctly Canadian pattern of ethnic and racialized stratification?

A) socioeconomic system
B) melting pot
C) vertical mosaic
D) multiculturalism

Question 26

Who coined the term "the vertical mosaic"?

A) John Lie
B) John Porter
C) Peter Sandiford
D) Edna Bonacich

Question 27

What can be learned through John Lie's story of his changing ethnic identity and the experiences that emerged as a result?

A) Experiences and opportunities shift depending upon others' perceptions.
B) It is possible to conceal one's ethnic origins to avoid negative consequences.
C) It doesn't matter who one really is, just who people think one is.
D) What matters most is who one is, not who people think one is.

Question 28

What has been the outcome of Canadian-United States differences on the retention of immigrant culture following immigration?

A) Immigrants to Canada have been better able to retain their culture for generations.
B) Second-generation offspring in both nations have fared considerably better than their parents.
C) Preservation of non-official languages remained high in successive generations in Canada.
D) In the Unites States, people have intermarried at a significantly higher rate than in Canada resulting in more cultural homogeneity.

Question 29

What do we call people who share ancestry,language,customs,religion,and a geographic region?

A) an ethnic group
B) a racial group
C) a minority group
D) a majority group

Question 30

What do we call the process where physical differences create a rationale for unequal treatment of a group,which results in people acting differently from one another,which leads to the creation of stereotypes about the unequally treated group,which leads to distinguishing groups based on differences,and so on?

A) social stratification
B) scapegoat dialectic
C) vicious circle of racism
D) ethnic identity maintenance

Question 31

In Great Britain,what are the Scottish,the Welsh,the Irish,and the English all examples of?

A) the power elite
B) minority groups
C) ethnic groups
D) racial groups

Question 32

What is the broad notion contained in the quote by French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre "the anti-Semite creates the Jew"?

A) The identity of "Jew" in particular is a socially constructed identity based on angst.
B) Jewish identities are mainly shaped by anti-Semitism.
C) People's identification with a particular ethnic identity is shaped in part by how others perceive and act towards them.
D) Identity based on hatred is unstable and changeable.

Question 33

The Mi'kmaq,the Coast Salish,and the Mohawk are all examples of which of the following in Canada?

A) ethnic groups
B) races
C) assimilators
D) majority groups

Question 34

Nation Y has an ideology that supports an official policy of ethnic amnesia whereby immigrants are encouraged to forget their heritage and become reborn as a new member of Nation Y: Y first,all else secondary.What is this type of ideology called?

A) ethnic mosaic
B) multiculturalism
C) pluralism
D) melting pot

Question 35

Which of the following was a major outcome of immigration in Canada in the middle of the twentieth century?

A) The French retained most of their earlier political and economic control.
B) Canada was stratified more by class than by the race or ethnicity of immigrants.
C) Later immigrants to Canada enjoyed similar levels of power and prestige to those who had come earlier.
D) There were large differences regarding prestige and finances between immigrants from Europe and immigrants from Asia.

Question 36

During World War II,the Canadian government relocated,interned,and confiscated the assets of all of the Japanese Canadians who lived anywhere near the British Columbia Coast,blaming them for attacks on Pearl Harbor to the south.What were the Japanese Canadians in this situation?

A) traitors
B) scapegoats
C) immigrants
D) racialized exemplars

Question 37

What do we call people who are viewed as culturally distinct?

A) scapegoats
B) a minority group
C) a majority group
D) an ethnic group

Question 38

According to the textbook,what is responsible for the relative financial success of Jews and Koreans in Canada?

A) overcoming overt prejudice and discrimination
B) cultural values emphasizing hard work and deferred gratification
C) coming to Canada as skilled and literate and experiencing less discrimination
D) multicultural and affirmative action policies

Question 39

Halyna speaks Ukrainian fluently,makes traditional food and dances at traditional festivals,and was married at the Ukrainian Orthodox Church.Which of the following is she a part of?

A) the power elite
B) a majority group
C) an ethnic group
D) a racial group

Question 40

According to the textbook,which two ethnicities protect people born abroad the most from lower income compared to Canadian-born people?

A) British and French
B) British and other European
C) Chinese and Japanese
D) German and Scandinavian

Question 41

Which of the following is a reason for challenging the term "Indian" as it pertains to North American Indigenous people?

A) because it only refers to certain groups of people and yet has sometimes been used incorrectly to refer to all
B) because it is a name erroneously given to indigenous people by a lost colonial explorer
C) because it reflects a lifestyle that is no longer relevant in contemporary society
D) because it is too narrow to reflect the Pan-Indian reality of North America

Question 42

What do we call the process whereby one group of people within a nation gain complete control over the others,create intensive systems of segregation,turn some people into low-wage workers,and buoy their actions with a set of beliefs that paints exploited others as inferior?

A) genocide
B) cultural imperialism
C) internal colonialism
D) colonialism

Question 43

What do we call the process whereby people from one nation invade another,gain complete control,destroy the indigenous culture,turn indigenous people into low-wage workers,and create a system of beliefs that justify their actions?

A) genocide
B) cultural imperialism
C) internal colonialism
D) colonialism

Question 44

Which of the following Canadians is least likely to be able to enjoy symbolic ethnicity?

A) Maggie, the Irish marine biologist
B) Alain, the French engineer
C) Ina, the German nurse
D) Russell, the South Asian comedian

Question 45

What did Hitler's systematic plan to exterminate people of Jewish extraction during World War II exemplify?

A) expulsion
B) conquest
C) colonization
D) genocide

Question 46

Alisha is studying the process of identity formation among second-generation "immigrants" and is trying to determine which theory will allow her to analyze how people negotiate identity.Which sociological theory would work best for her analysis?

A) internal colonialism
B) conflict theory
C) symbolic interactionism
D) split labour market theory

Question 47

Which of the following took place in Canada in the nineteenth century?

A) cultural imperialism
B) internal colonialism
C) symbolic ethnicity
D) colonialism

Question 48

Expulsion,conquest,and slavery are three forms of which of the following?

A) internal colonialism
B) segregation
C) genocide
D) revolution

Question 49

Which of the following terms refers to the intentional murder of a whole population?

A) expulsion
B) genocide
C) colonization
D) conquest

Question 50

With regard to Indigenous people in Canada,which of the following charges have been levelled at the Canadian government?

A) genocide and expulsion
B) segregation and accommodation
C) accommodation and assimilation
D) assimilation and pluralism

Question 51

What do we call the belief that one social group is superior to another on the basis of some visible characteristic and that inferiority of a group justifies unequal treatment.

A) scapegoating
B) racism
C) discrimination
D) race relations

Question 52

Ole looks forward to the Norske Dager festival every year,as he can spend the weekend catching up with family and friends,practising his few remembered words of Norwegian,and walking around in his Viking outfit scaring people.What is Ole engaged in?

A) symbolic ethnicity
B) ephemeral ethnicity
C) transitory ethnicity
D) false ethnicity

Question 53

What is Herbert Gans's term for the nostalgia and pride one can feel about one's ethnic roots without being constrained by it in one's daily life?

A) symbolic nostalgia
B) ephemeral ethnicity
C) transitory cultural identification
D) symbolic ethnicity

Question 54

Steven is a store owner downtown and is convinced that Aboriginal people are thieves.Every time an Aboriginal person comes into his store,he follows them around,finding any excuse he can to kick them out of the store.What is Steven practising?

A) racism
B) pluralism
C) assimilation
D) expulsion

Question 55

What is significant about the Beothuk population of Newfoundland and Labrador?

A) Their chief was a member of the first government of Canada at Confederation, giving them access to rights other indigenous people did not have.
B) They were offered incentives by the European settlers to murder the neighbouring Mi'kmaq.
C) They were hunted, killed, and driven out of their traditional territory until they became extinct.
D) They are the most populous First Nation in Canada today, outnumbering all other groups by two to one.

Question 56

What prompted Italian Canadians to see themselves as a distinctive group in Canada in 1900?

A) being defined that way by government officials and other Canadian residents.
B) the new unification of Italy.
C) the benefits that were available at the time only to immigrants from Italy and Greece.
D) being threatened with deportation if they refused to identify with a nation instead of a region.

Question 57

Which of the following Canadians would have the most ease and success choosing his race and ethnicity?

A) Robert, a 35-year-old Jamaican lawyer
B) Jung-Hwa, a 25-year-old Korean student
C) Conan, a 20-year-old Scottish hair stylist
D) Peter, a 30-year-old Métis construction worker

Question 58

Which of the following terms describes the actions of the British through the eighteenth century in India?

A) genocide
B) expulsion
C) internal colonialism
D) colonialism

Question 59

What do recent Canadian surveys about racism demonstrate?

A) Canadians no longer hold racist views.
B) Only a small fraction of the population holds racist views.
C) Up to one half of the population hold racist views.
D) Nearly all Canadians hold racist views.

Question 60

According to the textbook,how were Aboriginal people depicted in Canadian school textbooks from the early to mid-twentieth century?

A) as "noble savages"
B) as primitive, yet exotic, "others"
C) as evil, manipulative, villains
D) as gentle, peaceful hunter-gatherers

Question 61

Andy is assigned an exercise in his sociology class whereby he records the ethnic backgrounds of his five closest friends and then asks his parents and grandparents to do the same.He discovers that not one of them lists a single non-white friend.According to the textbook,what can this likely be attributed to?

A) active racism
B) a legacy of internal colonialism
C) the lack of non-white immigrants in Canada historically
D) the current lack of diversity in Canada

Question 62

Costas and his wife Nia have worked hard to open and maintain a small restaurant in Greektown.Their plan is to leave the restaurant to their children when they retire so the children may have a legacy and ongoing ties with the homeland.Which of the following advantages of ethnic group affiliation is their plan compatible with?

A) political advantages
B) emotional advantages
C) cultural advantages
D) economic advantages

Question 63

Which of the following can be thought of as a catalyst for the upsurge in Quebec nationalism in the 1960s?

A) the Quiet Revolution
B) secularization
C) the October Crisis
D) large-scale international immigration

Question 64

Gino owns a small grocery store in Little Italy.His store is always busy because he is able to import specialty foods,newspapers,books,and DVDs from the homeland.In this situation,what is Gino?

A) a centre hub
B) an ethnic entrepreneur
C) a neighbourhood big man
D) a community connector

Question 65

When was Canada's immigration policy liberalized to favour the economic situations of immigrants rather than their racialized characteristics?

A) the 1940s
B) the 1950s
C) the 1960s
D) the 1970s

Question 66

Based upon the 1806 newspaper advertisement,which of the following people would be worth the most money in colonial society?

A) an adult male
B) an adult female
C) an adolescent male
D) an adolescent female

Question 67

According to the textbook,the legacy of internal colonialism continues today to act as a barrier to which of the following?

A) pluralism
B) multiculturalism
C) assimilation
D) interest convergence

Question 68

Based on its focus,split labour market theory is a variant of which major perspective?

A) structural functionalism
B) conflict theory
C) symbolic interactionism
D) feminist theory

Question 69

According to the textbook,what is the outcome of social structural barriers to assimilation?

A) residential and employment segregation
B) hostility and animosity
C) depression and other mental health problems
D) incentives to work harder, smarter, and faster

Question 70

Millie is a black women living in Canada in the late 1800s.Which of the following most likely characterizes her life?

A) She is a slave near Ottawa living on the same property as her white owners, with her basic physical needs taken care of.
B) She is a free woman living in Africville and working for almost no pay doing laundry for a hotel.
C) She is a free woman living in downtown Halifax and working as a nurse's assistant in a local hospital
D) She is a free woman who owns and runs a rooming house for travellers requiring long-term accommodation in Ottawa.

Question 71

Chinese men were brought in to Canada particularly to work on the most difficult and dangerous section of the Canadian Pacific Railway line.According to the textbook,how many Chinese workers died per 1.5 kilometres of railway track laid?

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four

Question 72

What do we call ownership and control of humans by other humans?

A) conquest
B) slavery
C) amalgamation
D) assimilation

Question 73

Learning from the history of relations between the British and the French in Canada,which of the following areas of public life is the best to control if a group wishes to hold power over another?

A) language
B) religion
C) commerce
D) culture

Question 74

Most immigrants to Canada in 2009 were drawn from which of the following places?

A) Asia and the Pacific
B) Central and South America
C) the United States
D) Africa and the Middle East

Question 75

When management brings in low-wage workers during a strike,besides resentment toward the low-wage workers by the striking employees,what occurs simultaneously?

A) Anger is deflected from the capitalists and their managers, while low-wage workers become scapegoats.
B) High-wage workers attempt to have low-wage workers abandon their false consciousness and join them against the capitalists and managers.
C) High-wage workers and low-wage workers move past their resentments and come into class consciousness.
D) Low-wage workers take the place of high-wage workers until they can unionize and replace the others, becoming high-wage workers, and then the cycle begins anew.

Question 76

Why were Québécois worried about the French-Canadian population declining beginning in the 1970s?

A) because replacement-level fertility was not occurring in Quebec
B) because life expectancy was declining in Quebec
C) because mortality rates had increased in Quebec
D) because many Québécois were immigrating to other nations

Question 77

When did slavery become illegal in Canada?

A) 1833
B) 1863
C) 1883
D) 1903

Question 78

Judging by the figure in the textbook regarding immigrants' place of birth,what can be concluded in comparing immigration before 1961 and in 2009?

A) Liberalization of immigration policy has had little effect on who has immigrated to Canada.
B) Liberalization of immigration policy has had the effect of ensuring close to zero percent immigration from the United States or Europe today.
C) Liberalization of immigration policy has had the effect of ensuring that the majority of immigration is from non-white nations.
D) Liberalization of immigration policy has had the effect of ensuring that most immigration is from the United Sates today rather than Europe.

Question 79

Who developed the split labour market theory?

A) John Porter
B) Edna Bonacich
C) Karl Marx
D) Harriet Martineau

Question 80

In order to decrease the power of the union at the ABC Auto manufacturing plant,when contract talk broke down and the all white union workers went on strike,the management at ABC recruited,hired,and bussed in low-wage Mexican workers.What is this situation called?

A) internal colonialism
B) segregation
C) split labour market
D) new international division of labour