Deck 3: Culture

Question 1

The Sapir-Whorf thesis states that the language we use shapes the reality we perceive.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The story of Helen Keller,who became blind and deaf,shows how the development of our humanity depends on the ability to understand and use symbols.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Values are standards that serve as broad guidelines for living.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The Census Bureau reports that only ten different languages are spoken in the United States.

Question 5

English is the first language of only 5 percent of humanity,but it has become the preferred second language throughout most of the world.

Question 6

People around the world have much the same outward appearance and wear the same clothing and bodily decoration.

Question 7

An example of nonmaterial culture would be the types of vehicles people use to get around.

Question 8

Cultural transmission cannot take place unless people have a written language.

Question 9

Symbols allow people to make sense of their surroundings.

Question 10

Compared to cultures around the world,the way of life in the United States emphasizes individualism.

Question 11

The same way of life is biologically "natural" to humans everywhere.

Question 12

The emergence of computer-based instant messaging shows how new symbols are being created all the time.

Question 13

Symbols refer to anything that carries meaning that is recognized by people who share a culture.

Question 14

For at least 12,000 years,humans have used culture as a strategy for survival.
REMEMBER;

Question 15

Experiencing an unfamiliar culture can generate culture shock.

Question 16

In high-income countries such as the United States,everyone has the ability to read and write.

Question 17

Businesses in this country can profit from recognizing the cultural diversity of the U.S.population.

Question 18

The gesture we commonly call "thumbs up" is used in most of the world's societies to signify that something is very good.

Question 19

Culture refers to the values,beliefs,behavior,and material things that form a way of life.

Question 20

Most people in the United States share the value that everyone should not only have equality of opportunity,but also equality in all aspects of social standing.

Question 21

Japan is more multicultural than the United States.

Question 22

One emerging value in the United States is the importance of personal growth,including spiritual activity.

Question 23

The U.S.has a popular culture,but not a high culture.

Question 24

Mores are norms that have great moral significance.

Question 25

Most people participate in numerous subcultures without necessarily becoming very committed to any of them.

Question 26

Across the United States,mores vary more than folkways.

Question 27

Multiculturalists claim that,over the course of U.S.history,most non-English immigrants were advised to adopt the cultural patterns of the English-their "betters"-rather than "melt in."

Question 28

Cultural lag refers to the fact that some cultural elements change more quickly than others.

Question 29

The fact that hip-hop music and the DJ scene were invented in the low-income,African American neighborhoods of New York show that people of all social positions help create U.S.cultural patterns.

Question 30

Technology refers to knowledge people use to make a way of life in their surroundings.

Question 31

In general,low-income nations have cultures that value individualism and personal self-expression.

Question 32

Values and norms help to define a society's "ideal culture."

Question 33

Cultural values in high-income nations tend to be secular-rational,giving greater importance to personal self-expression.

Question 34

Cultural change results from invention,discovery,and diffusion.

Question 35

Cultural values in the United States always go together-they are all consistent with one another.

Question 36

The Amish way of life accepts most of the U.S.'s modern conveniences.

Question 37

Cultural relativism means using your own cultural standards to evaluate another culture.

Question 38

Subculture is more at odds with dominant culture than counterculture.

Question 39

Afrocentrism refers to the dominance of European cultural patterns.

Question 40

People in the United States tend to view the past as being better than the present.

Question 41

The term Homo sapiens,the name of our species,comes from Latin meaning

A)"person of culture."
B)"intelligent person."
C)"one who walks upright."
D)"person who evolves."

Question 42

Cars,computers,and iPhones are all examples of which of the following?

A)high culture
B)material culture
C)norms
D)nonmaterial culture

Question 43

Rock -and-roll music in the United States is one cultural trait that has nothing in common with music that was popular a time before it emerged.

Question 44

The United States is the most _______ of all countries.

A)multicultural
B)culturally uniform
C)slowly changing
D)nonmaterial

Question 45

ThChapter opening story of the diversity initiative at Charles Schwab & Co.shows us that

A)various minorities respond to the same advertising in exactly the same way.
B)Asian American immigrants prefer English to their native language when they are doing business.
C)learning more about cultural diversity can help a company boost sales.
D)All of these are correct.

Question 46

The intangible world of ideas created by members of a society is referred to as

A)high culture.
B)material culture.
C)norms.
D)nonmaterial culture.

Question 47

The term _____ refers to a shared way of life,and the term ____ refers to a political entity.

A)culture; society
B)country; nation
C)nation; culture
D)culture; nation

Question 48

The structural-functional approach sees culture as a relatively stable system of integrated patterns people use to meet their needs.

Question 49

It is fair to say that humans are prisoners of their existing culture.

Question 50

What is the term for the beliefs,values,behavior,and material objects that together make up the way of life for a group of people?

A)social structure
B)social system
C)culture
D)society

Question 51

The fact that instant messaging is based on a new set of symbols shows us that

A)today's young people are smarter than their parents.
B)symbols are static elements.
C)culture changes over time.
D)we are not dependent on our culture's symbols.

Question 52

Cultural universals refer to patterns that are held by everyone in a society.

Question 53

Sociobiology explores how human biology has shaped today's culture.

Question 54

Sociologists define a symbol as

A)anything that carries meaning to people who share a culture.
B)any material cultural trait.
C)any gesture that conveys insult to others.
D)social patterns that cause culture shock.

Question 55

The United States is multicultural because

A)everyone holds the same values and beliefs.
B)each individual holds many different and conflicting values and beliefs.
C)there are many widely shared values and beliefs.
D)in this country we find many different languages and ways of life.

Question 56

According to scientists,Homo sapiens first appeared on Earth about how long ago?

A)2,500 years
B)25,000 years
C)250,000 years
D)250 million years

Question 57

As a part of human culture,religion is an example of

A)material culture.
B)nonmaterial culture.
C)culture shock.
D)human nature.

Question 58

Karl Marx argued that a society's economic system was shaped by its value system.

Question 59

Among all forms of life,humans stand out as the only species that

A)relies on culture to ensure survival.
B)has patterned ways of living.
C)has biological instincts.
D)makes use of tools.

Question 60

Looking all around the world,what we find everywhere is

A)the same ideas about what is right.
B)people enjoying the same sports.
C)people creating diverse cultural systems.
D)the same standards that define what is beautiful and ugly.

Question 61

__________ are rules about everyday,casual living; __________ are rules with great moral significance.

A)Mores; folkways
B)Folkways; mores
C)Proscriptive norms; prescriptive norms
D)Prescriptive norms; proscriptive norms

Question 62

The dominant values of U.S.culture include

A)a deep respect for the traditions of the past.
B)a belief in equality of condition for all.
C)a belief in individuality.
D)a belief in intuition over science.

Question 63

An emerging value in our society is

A)"What was good enough for my parents is good enough for me."
B)"The present is better than the past."
C)"Work is important,but I want more time for leisure and personal growth."
D)"It's good to be free."

Question 64

While one dominant value of U.S.culture is the right to equal opportunity and freedom,another is

A)equality of condition.
B)material comfort.
C)racism and group superiority.
D)belief in tradition.

Question 65

Which of the following statements about technology is true?

A)Nations with more advanced technology are always superior to nations with less advanced technology.
B)Advanced technology improves life in some ways,but it also threatens life in other ways.
C)Access to technology is evenly distributed across any society's population.
D)Access to technology is a threat to cultures.

Question 66

What is the term for the application of cultural knowledge to the task of living in an environment?

A)real culture
B)ideal culture
C)cultural transmission
D)technology

Question 67

Cultural transmission refers to the process of

A)cultural patterns moving from one society to another.
B)using the oral tradition.
C)passing cultural patterns from one generation to another.
D)using writing to enshrine cultural patterns.

Question 68

As our society has entered a postindustrial,computer-based phase,gaining

A)symbolic skills has become more important.
B)mechanical skills has become more important.
C)knowledge about the past has become more important.
D)a respect for tradition has become more important.

Question 69

The Sapir-Whorf thesis states that

A)language involves attaching labels to the real world.
B)people see the world through the cultural lens of their language.
C)most words have the same meaning if spoken in different languages.
D)every word exists in all known languages.

Question 70

_____ distinguish between right and wrong; _____ distinguish between right and rude.

A)Mores; folkways
B)Taboos; mores
C)Folkways; mores
D)Prescriptive norms; proscriptive norms

Question 71

Wrong-doing,such as an adult forcing a child to engage in sexual activity,is an example of violating cultural

A)mores.
B)symbols.
C)folkways.
D)control.

Question 72

Low-income countries have cultures that value

A)economic survival.
B)equal standing for women and men.
C)self-expression.
D)individualism.

Question 73

The fact that some married men and married women are sexually unfaithful to their spouses is an example of _____ culture,while the fact that most adults say they support the idea of sexual fidelity is an example of _____ culture.

A)high; low
B)low; high
C)ideal; real
D)real; ideal

Question 74

An act of kindness,such as opening the door for an elderly man,illustrates conforming to

A)mores.
B)taboos.
C)folkways.
D)proscriptive norms.

Question 75

Standards by which people who share culture define what is desirable,good,and beautiful are called

A)folkways.
B)norms.
C)mores.
D)values.

Question 76

Sociologists refer to tangible or physical human creations as

A)nonmaterial culture.
B)artifacts.
C)technology.
D)values.

Question 77

The early U.S.sociologist who described the difference between folkways and mores was

A)Emile Durkheim.
B)William Graham Sumner.
C)Harriett Martineau.
D)George Herbert Mead.

Question 78

The language widely spoken by people in more nations of the world than any other is

A)Spanish.
B)Chinese.
C)English.
D)Hindi.

Question 79

Elements of social control in everyday life include shame,guilt,and

A)ideal culture.
B)real culture.
C)sanctions.
D)material culture.

Question 80

Key values of U.S.culture

A)always fit together easily.
B)change quickly,even from year to year.
C)are shared by absolutely everyone in a society.
D)are sometimes in conflict with one another.